主謂一致語(yǔ)法總結(jié).ppt

1、主謂一致Subjectverb Concord/Agreement,主謂一致指句子主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上的一致。主謂一致有三原則： 語(yǔ)法一致(Grammatical Concord) 意義一致(Notional Concord) 就近原則(Principle of Proximity),1.It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _going to agree upon anything today. （2003-50） A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. ne

2、ither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are,答案：C 參考譯文：進(jìn)一步討論這個(gè)事情是無(wú)益的，因?yàn)榻裉炷阄叶荚谌魏问虑樯喜辉高_(dá)成一致。 原則：就近原則Principle of Proximity,1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）當(dāng)or, nor,

3、 either or, neither nor, not only but also 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Either you or she is to go.,3)在倒裝句中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here, there開頭，be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如： There is a dog near the door. There were no schools in this area before liberation. Here comes the bus. On the wall were two famous paintings.

4、Here is Mr. Brown and his children.,2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon. A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave,答案：C 參考譯文：威爾斯先生,連同所有的家人,今天下午出發(fā)去歐洲。 原則：語(yǔ)法一致Grammatical Concord,如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, besides,

5、 perhaps , like, including, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than, in addition to, accompanied by,等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如：1）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.2）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.3）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very d

6、iligent. 4）Every picture except these two has been sold. 5）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.6）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.,3. The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. ar

7、e proving D. prove,答案：D 解析：statistics在本句中表示“數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)”而不是“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可用第三人稱單數(shù)；此外 prove表示“（已）證明”，不可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，因此，D為正確。 原則：意義一致Notional Concord,以”ics”結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)；但如果其表達(dá)“學(xué)科”以外的其他意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便可用復(fù)數(shù)。 acoustics（聲學(xué);音響效果） athletics（體育學(xué);體育運(yùn)動(dòng)） economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué);經(jīng)濟(jì)意義） ethics（倫理學(xué);行為準(zhǔn)則） tactics（兵法;策略） mathematics（數(shù)學(xué);

8、運(yùn)算能力） optics（光學(xué);光線器件） physics（物理學(xué);物理現(xiàn)象） politics（政治學(xué);政治觀點(diǎn)） linguistics（語(yǔ)言學(xué)）,4.All the Presidents Men _one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.（2007-52） A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining,答案：B 參考譯文： 驚天大陰謀是一本重要的書，可供歷史學(xué)家研究“水門事件”。 解析：All the Presidents Men

9、是一個(gè)書名，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，此句在闡述事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待（如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等），動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution（決議）。3）The Arabian Nights（天方夜譚）is an interesting book. 4）The New York Times is a good newspaper.,5.The research requires more money than

10、 _.（2007-61） A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in,答案：B 解析：本句中連詞than 后面省略了主語(yǔ)it，此處it 指代的是前面提到的money，因此后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)看，這里是比較需要的錢和已經(jīng)投入的錢，故用現(xiàn)在完成式has been put in,6.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（2012-65） A. Poultry are very expensive in the city. B. New ma

11、chinery were introduced in the factory. C. The police are investigating the murder case. D. The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.,答案：B 原則：語(yǔ)法一致和意義一致,1).通常做復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞，如police, people, folk, youth, clergy（教士）, cattle, militia, poultry（家禽）, vermin（害蟲）等； 以“ch、sh、-ese”等結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)籍的詞，如The French, T

12、he British, The Chinese等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police have caught the murderer. The Chinese are famous for their hospitality. 2).通常做不可數(shù)的集體名詞,表示總稱，如machinery, stationery（文具）, furniture, merchandise （商品） ,foliage（樹和植物葉子的總稱），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 New machinery is being installed in the factory.,以集體名詞（Collective Noun)做主語(yǔ)時(shí):,3

13、).有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience, government, public（公眾）,等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： My family is going to have a long journey. My family are fond of music. The class has won the honor. The class were jumping for joy.,4.)如果主語(yǔ)是由“a committee of /a panel of / a board o

14、f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用 單數(shù)。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.,某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)： a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) neither/either of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) one and a half +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) each/every +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單

15、數(shù) more than one +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) the greater part of / a large proportion of / 50% of / one third of / plenty of / the rest of 謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)與of后面的名詞一致 Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.,More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected

16、 C. has been infecting D. have been infecting More students than one _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punish,More 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個(gè)”，但前者用作復(fù)數(shù)，后者用作單數(shù)。,7.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?（2013-59） A. Politics are the ar

17、t or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.,答案：A 方法：直選法或排除法,A. 表示學(xué)科一類的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) B. 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he ne

18、eds.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance. C. 表示疾病的名詞做主語(yǔ)，雖以“S”結(jié)尾但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎），bronchitis(支氣管炎）， diabetes（糖尿?。? tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）, measles（麻疹）， mumps(腮腺炎），rickets(軟骨?。┑?Diabetes is considered a disease that belongs to the wealthy/the rich. D. 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),1）The writer and worker are coming t

19、o our school tomorrow. 2）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 3）Bread and butter is their daily food. 4）Bread and butter are their daily food.,請(qǐng)判斷句子正誤并解釋,并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。,the + 形容詞（或分詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常指一類人，如the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the you

20、ng, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf , the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。;但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連用。,1）The young is usually very active. 2）The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer.,1）Every boy and girl have been i

21、nvited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。2）No teacher and no student are absent today. 今天沒(méi)有老師和學(xué)生缺席。3）Many a students is busy with their lessons. 許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。,有each, every, no, many a修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。,1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them like this picture.,由each, either,

22、one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。,由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。,1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。,Exercise,1.A round and a square table _ in the shop window. A. was exhibiting B. was exhibited C. were exhibiting D. were exhibited 2.When he got to the fair(交易會(huì)), what were left behind _ ten empty bottles. A. was B. were C. just D. only,3.Every policeman and fireman _ on the alert. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 4. Ten percent of the workers in this city _ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be