英語句子成分ppt

1、取得英語語法成功的基石,句子成分,Parts of Speach,一、主語,主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.,句首,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems

2、tired.,二、謂語,謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由 _ 充當.動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.,They can speak English well. They are playing over there.,1）狀態(tài)系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞 He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。,系動詞,3）表

3、像系動詞，用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系動詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.,5）變化系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come He became mad after that. 6）終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out The rumor proved fal

4、se. 這謠言證實有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。,三、賓語,賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_或_后面.,1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog.,雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.,及物動詞,介詞,表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).,The trees turn green. The flowe

5、r is beautiful .,四、表語,定語：用來修飾_.,This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.,五、定語,名詞,狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、狀語,John often c

6、ame to chat with me ( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( ) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( ) My father worked in this school ten years ago. ( ) Though he is young, he knows a lot.( ) He came running.( ),程度，目的,地點，伴隨,地點，時間,讓步,方式,原因,補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。,七、補語,Everyon

7、e calls him Jack. （賓補） He is called Jack.（主補）,同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進行補充說明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位語,時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 一般將來時 過去將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 過去完成進行時 將來完成時,will do would do do / does did is / am / ar

8、e doing was / were doing has / have done had done has / have been doing had been doing will have done,時態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般將來時 過去將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 過去完成進行時 將來完成時,will be done would be done is/am/are done was/were done is/am/are being done was/were being done has/have been done had

9、been done will have been done,一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( ) 8. What he needs is a book. （ ） 9. It is very clea

10、r that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,疑問詞+不定式,從句,It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語,當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。,什么情況下用it作形式主語？,你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about

11、it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ),說謊是錯誤的。,爭吵是沒用的。,誰要來還不確定。,二、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1.She lived a happy life.( ) 2.I love you.( ) 3.We need two.( ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?( ) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.( ) 6.He did not know what to say.( ) 7.Did you write down what she

12、said? ( ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( ),名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,疑問詞+不定式,從句,It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語,二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./

13、They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( ),名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,從句,形容詞/副詞,介詞短語,分詞,三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示： Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a

14、 birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( ) The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( ),形容詞,副詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞所有格,名詞,介詞短語,現(xiàn)在分詞,三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示： I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( ) There are two thin

15、gs to be discussed today.（ ） Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ） This is the very book that I need. （ ）,過去分詞,不定式,動名詞,從句,四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything

16、they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( ),副詞，程度,介詞短語，地點,分詞，伴隨,不定式，目的,形容詞，狀態(tài),讓步狀語從句,結(jié)果狀語從句,四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ） If it

17、rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),時間狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句,五、賓語補足語： I consider Jim a good friend.( ) I always find her happy.( ) People praised him as a hero.( ) I had the TV fixed.( ) I saw him entering the building.( ) What made you think so?( ) Do you want me to go?( ),形容詞,名詞,介詞短語,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,省略掉to的不定

18、式,不定式,英語句子的種類,簡單句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),復(fù)合句 (complex sentence),簡單句的 五種基本句型,英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主謂） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主謂賓） 基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補）,基本句型一 主謂 （S + V）,S + V She cooks. He is working. What he said does not matter. The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型一 主謂,基本句型二 主系表,S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.,基本句型二 主系表,基本句型三 主謂賓,S+V+O We study English everyday. They are playing football. He enjoys reading. She said “Good morning.