英語人教版八年級下冊Unit 10 Section A Grammar .ppt

1、Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.,Section A 3 Grammar focus 4c,1. How long have you had that bike over there? Ive had it for three years. 2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 3. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was

2、little, but I havent played for a while now.,1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與already, just, yet, ever, never, before連用。already, just, ever, never常用于助動(dòng)詞后過去分詞前，before常用于句末，yet常用于否定句或疑問句句末。,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，它屬于現(xiàn)在范圍的時(shí)態(tài)，不能與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。而一般過去時(shí)只表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或

3、存在的狀態(tài)，常與過去時(shí)間連用，與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系。出現(xiàn)過去的時(shí)間狀語，如yesterday, last year, three days ago等就要用一般過去時(shí)，謂語用過去式，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： I have found my book. I found it this morning. The visitors have left. They left just now.,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間（如for + 時(shí)間段 / since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) / so far /

4、in the last two months/these years等）連用。謂語動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞（肯定式）不能與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間連用。,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞 英語中表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，可與時(shí)間段連用，如work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, sing, stay等；終止性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，也就是說動(dòng)作一發(fā)生就結(jié)束，不能與

5、時(shí)間段連用，如die, arrive, close, come, go, fall, leave, lose, give, finish, join, open, begin, stop, borrow, buy, catch, become, jump, get up, wake up等。因此，若要表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)，必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；若要表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，則必須用終止性動(dòng)詞。,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞 （1）用“時(shí)間段 + ago”短語替換“時(shí)間段”，并把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改為一般過去時(shí)。如： 誤：He has come here for

6、two weeks. 正：He came here two weeks ago. （2）用“It is / It has been + 時(shí)間段 + since從句 ”或“時(shí)間段 + has passed + since 從句”兩種句型（“since 從句”用終止性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)）。如： 誤：They have left for Hong Kong for two days. 正：Its two days since they left for Hong Kong. / Two days has passed since they left for Hong Kong.,Present Per

7、fect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞 （3）把終止性動(dòng)詞（詞組）改為表示狀態(tài)的“be + 表語”結(jié)構(gòu)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： 誤：The old man has died for ten days. 正：The old has been dead for ten days. 常見的這類終止性動(dòng)詞的變化情況如：come-be here, go-be there, come / go to-be in / at, come back-be back, go out-be out, leave-be away from, die-be dead, get up-be up, wak

8、e up-be awake, marry-be married, fall asleep-be asleep, go to bed-be in bed , begin / start-be on, finish-be over, join-be in, open-be open, close-be closed等。,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞 (4)把終止性動(dòng)詞改為與其意義相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： 誤：Tom has borrowed the book for a week. 正：Tom has kept the book for a wee

9、k. 常見的這類終止性動(dòng)詞的變化情況如：borrow-keep, buy-have, become-be, put on-wear, catch a cold-have a cold, go to bed-sleep, get to know-know等。,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ivelivedheresince1990 Ihavent

10、seenhimforthreeyears.,此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的 動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(否定句除外)。 1. 這本書我買了5年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) Ive had the book for five years. ( ),句中動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),2. 你哥哥參軍多長時(shí)間了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( ),1. 轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

11、，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,2. 轉(zhuǎn)化為“be + 形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞” begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in) die be dead leave be away,finish be over fall sleep be asleep

12、 join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friends come/go/ be+相應(yīng)的介詞短語,4a,Rewrite the sentences using for or since.,Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.,They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.,Jim has

13、 been in Japan for three years.,3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. 4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.,I have had a camera since 2009.,I have known Ann for three years/ since three years ago.,Linda has been ill since Monday.,4b,Fill in th

14、e blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They _ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.,have never been,go,have never owned,always want,3. We _ (have) a pi

15、ano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.,have had,bought,havent been,miss,5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.,has been,is,4c,