第10講-動名詞.ppt

1、語法復(fù)習(xí),動詞不定式,一、動名詞的形式,二、功能及用法,1動名詞（短語）做主語 Seeing is believing. Its no use crying over spilt milk. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Theres no telling what hes going to do. There is no point discussing this with him.,動名詞作主語 不定式作主語 ： Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will

2、 be dangerous. 下列幾種情況中不能互換： a. 當(dāng)表語是動名詞時(shí)，主語也要用動名詞；當(dāng)表語是不定式時(shí)，主語也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,抽象,具體,b. 動名詞和不定式作主語，一般都可以使用形式主語it，而將動名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動名詞，不宜用不定式來代替： Its no use /good doing Its a waste of time doing ,而在Its important/necessary 這類句型中，只能用不定式，如： Its important to le

3、arn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times.,2動名詞（短語）作表語，如： My favorite sport is swimming. 注：動名詞作表語與不定式作表語的區(qū)別： 動名詞作表語時(shí)表示比較抽象的一般行為、習(xí)慣；不定式作表語時(shí)表示具體的某一次動作，特別是將來的動作，試比較： The first thing is to improve our pronunciation.,3動名詞（短語）用作賓語的情況很多 We all avoided mentioning that matter. 1) 能用動名詞

4、作賓語的動詞有兩類： 只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞： avoid(避免）, admit（承認(rèn)）, appreciate（欣賞、感激）, advise, cant resist（無法抵擋）, confess（坦白）, consider（考慮）, delay put off/ postpone, deny（否認(rèn)）, dislike, enjoy, escape（逃脫）, fancy(想象、喜歡）, feel like, finish, forgive, give up， imagine, include , involve（需要）,excuse doing sth /sb for doing sth

5、原諒 excuse sb from doing sth 免除某人做某事 prevent /stop sb (from) doing sth= keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事,keep (on)一直/繼續(xù), mention（提到、談及）, mind, miss（錯(cuò)過）practise, put off/ postpone（推遲）, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, quit, suggest等,allow/ forbid（禁止）/permit（允許）/ advise（建議） / recommend（推薦） doing sth

6、allow/forbid/permit/advise/recommend sb to do sth,既可以用動名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語的動詞： begin /start cannot bear（無法忍受） continue/go on forget remember hate/ like/love,doing sth 繼續(xù)做同一件事情 to do sth 不停息繼續(xù)做另一件事情,to do sth 忘記去做某事 doing sth忘記做過某事,to do sth 記得要去做某事 doing sth 記得做過某事,to do sth 某特定的情況下討厭、喜歡做 doing sth 習(xí)慣性的動作

7、，興趣愛好,stop prefer regret cant help,to do sth 停下來去做另一件事 doing sth 停止正在做的事情,doing A to doing B 比起B(yǎng)更喜歡A to do A rather than do B 比起B(yǎng)更喜歡A,to do sth 對要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉( to say/tell/inform通知) doing sth 后悔做過某事,(to) do sth 不能幫助去做某事 doing sth 忍不住、情不自禁做某事,want/need/require doing sth 需要被做 = to be done deserve(應(yīng)得） d

8、oing sth = to be done punishing=to be punished,to do sth 努力去做某事 doing sth 嘗試去做某事,try mean,to do sth 意欲、想要去做某事 doing sth 意味著做某事,be (well) worth doing sth (很)值得被做 =be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done,2) 動名詞（短語）還常常跟在短語動詞之后，作介詞的賓語。常見的有： insist on / persist in/stick to堅(jiān)持 dream of 夢想 object to 反對

9、 be engaged in忙于 look forward to盼望 pay attention to 注意 devote oneself/ones life/time to 致力 set about doing sth =set out to do著手 be fond of 喜歡 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing spend time/money in succeed in=manage to get/be/become used to 習(xí)慣 get/sit down to開始 be/get/become tired of 厭煩 be interested

10、 in burst out laughing= burst into laughter burst out crying =burst into tears cannot stand（無法忍受）,4動名詞作定語 a swimming pool a dining car an opening speech a living room a waiting room a teaching method a washing machine a reading room 注：動名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途，它和名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示被修飾名詞本身的動作、行為，它和名詞之間

11、有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系: a falling leaf,三、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): 動名詞前面帶有代詞或所有格，為了明確動名詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動名詞之前加上一個(gè)代詞或所有格，來表示動名詞邏輯上的主語。如： I dont mind Tom/Toms/his winning the match. 注： 作主語 Toms/His winning the match was a great encouragement to us. Lis going wont be of much help.,四、動名詞的完成式、被動式、否定式,動名詞的完成式：表示動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，常用動

12、名詞的完成形式，如： He didnt mention having met me. I regret not having taken her advice. 注：在某些動詞或詞組之后，動名詞的一般形式也可表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生的動作，如： I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere., 動名詞的被動式： He didnt mind_（leave) at home. They couldnt stand _ (treat) like that. 動名詞的完成被動式： I dont remember _ (give) a chance to try thi

13、s method. 動名詞的否定式：直接把not加在動名詞之前 Im sorry for my not coming tomorrow.,being left,being treated,having been given,1.I cant imagine_ with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,2._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walked,3 .Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,4. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,5. The library needs _,but itll have