考研英語翻譯講座第6講.ppt

1、精英考研英語翻譯講座,第六講 結構調整順理成章 考題實例：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. （2000） 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動（現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種方式相對容易）造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新壓力。,精英考研英語翻譯講座,結構調整

2、是英漢互譯中的又一常用翻譯技巧。由于英漢不同的造句結構和表達習慣，英語中有些句子的詞序、語序在譯成漢語時，應加以調整，使其符合漢語的表達習慣。如： iron and steel plant 鋼鐵廠 export and import 進出口 track and field 田徑 popular modern songs 現(xiàn)代流行歌曲 look right and left 左顧右盼 life and death 死活 land and water 水陸 fire and water 水火 hot and cold 冷熱 heavy and light 輕重 old and new 新舊,精英考

3、研英語翻譯講座,在必要的情況下有時還要打破原文的句式結構，對譯文進行結構調整，才能表達清楚，順理成章。請看下面一道英譯漢的原試題： And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. 而進入老年以后，慣于多動腦筋而不是少動腦筋的人，其認知能力 要比從不積極動腦子的人 更為健全。 句首的And一詞承上啟下，故譯作“而”；doing指的是上文中的to thin

4、k about things，所以譯作“動腦筋”；rather than用以否定其后內(nèi)容；謂語will go into old age則獨立分譯出來。,精英考研英語翻譯講座,英譯漢結構調整的常用方法技巧 1順序法; 即按原文的句子順序翻譯。 1) It was strange that a day of war was a day we stood still. We couldnt move-that must have been the whole idea-so we had no choice but to watch. 奇怪的是戰(zhàn)爭的那天我們卻原地按兵不動。我們不能動彈這就是這次戰(zhàn)爭

5、的整個含意除了監(jiān)視敵人，我們別無他法。 2) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground. 火箭研究證實了早就懷疑的這樣一個奇異的事實:大氣層中有一個“高溫帶”，其中心在距地面約30英里高的地方。 3) In order to survive, to feed, clo

6、the and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人類和大自然不斷進行斗爭。,精英考研英語翻譯講座,2逆序法；即顛倒原文的順序，將句首的內(nèi)容放到句尾，句尾的內(nèi)容放到句首。 1)He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone 她非要他講清楚他津貼中的每一分錢都到哪兒去了，他啞口無

7、言。 2)And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敵人吹噓說能在幾小時內(nèi)就占領該戰(zhàn)略要地，可是由于一路受到頑強抵抗，結果甚至連外圍地帶也沒能占領。這一事實使我增強了信心。 3)

8、 That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory 這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關系的話，也是微不足道的。,精英考研英語翻譯講座,3. 時序法；按事件發(fā)生時間的先后順序翻譯。 1) We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one anot

9、her for three years after we left China in 1959. 我們于1959年離開了中國。此后，中國連續(xù)三年遭到自然災害。當我們在國內(nèi)讀到這方面的消息時，心情頗為低沉。 2) It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算在今年一月訪問中國，后來我又不得不予以推遲，這使我深感失望。 3) Dr. Smith resumed the activities of anti-cancer exp

10、eriment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government as soon as he snapped from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension. 史密斯醫(yī)生于1945年開始著手由聯(lián)邦政府資助的抗癌實驗。他由于屢遭失敗而感到沮喪，被迫終止了實驗工作。現(xiàn)在他一重新振作起來，便立即恢復了抗癌實驗活動。,精英考研英語翻譯講座,4. 拆分法；將句中的插入成分提取出來單獨翻譯，另起一句放在句末。 1) They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他們沒有答復，這完全是意料之中的事。 2) Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她滿以為會有某種奇跡般的解決辦法，這顯然不合情理。 3) Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences in sco