英語句子的種類及練習(xí)課件

1、英語句子的種類,一、句子種類兩種分類法 ( 一 )、按句子的用途可分四種： 1 、陳述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2 、疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3 、祈使句： Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class 4 、感嘆句：How clever the boy is!,1、陳述句 說明

2、一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)看法，有肯定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。 She arrived early. She can not have arrived now. 注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句與全否定句 I dont like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定轉(zhuǎn)移 I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose, imagine),2、疑問句,（1）疑問句的主要交際功

3、能是提出問題，詢問情況。 分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。,(2)、疑問句 的分類,1）一般疑問句 用來詢問一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意語序。 Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? 否定疑問句 Cant you understand it? Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.,2）特殊疑問句,1.特殊疑問句的定義; 以特殊疑問詞開頭，對(duì)句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。 常用的疑問詞

4、有： what who whom whose which when where how why等。,2.特殊疑問句有兩種語序 （1）陳述語序 Who was the first man in space? （2）倒裝語序 Whom are you talking about?,注：A、簡略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、復(fù)雜特殊疑問句 What do you think he has done?,3）選擇疑問句,選擇疑問句（alternative questions） 一般提出兩種或兩種

5、以上的可能，問對(duì)方選擇哪一種。 其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問句，也可用特殊疑問句，供選擇的兩部分由or連接，前者用升調(diào)，后者用降調(diào)，如： Will you go there by bus or by train？ What would you like，coffee or tea？,(1)以一般疑問句為基礎(chǔ) Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage? (2)以特殊疑問句為基礎(chǔ) Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go t

6、here? By bus or by train? (3) or not構(gòu)成的選擇疑問句Do you want to buy it or not？,4)： 反意疑問句,A、含義： 在一個(gè)陳述句之后附上一個(gè)簡短的疑問句，對(duì)陳述句提出相反的疑問，這種疑問句叫反意疑問句。 如： 1. He is clever, isnt he? 2. We speak Chinese, dont we?,B、結(jié)構(gòu)：,結(jié)構(gòu)一： 前肯，+ 后否 eg. He is clever, isnt he?,結(jié)構(gòu)二： 前否，+ 后肯 eg. He isnt clever, is he?,結(jié)構(gòu)一： 前肯，+ 后否 Be 動(dòng)詞： 1

7、. You are an actor, _ _ ? 2. He is a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. You were studying when I called you last night, _ _ ? 5. She is going to visit me, _ _? 6. I am Chinese, _ _?,arent you,isnt he,wasnt it,werent you,isnt she,arent I,行為動(dòng)詞： 1. It often rains here, _ _ ? 2. He likes

8、 soccer, _ _ ? 3. You have a headache, _ _ ? 4. I called you yesterday, _ _? 其它動(dòng)詞： 1. You will go to America, _ _ ? 2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ?,doesnt it,doesnt he,dont you,didnt I,wont you,havent we,C、特殊用法(一） 1. His mother is a doctor, _ _ ? 2. The dogs are fighting, _ _? There is a boy

9、 in our classroom, _ _ ? 4. There were many cars in the street, _ _ ? 5. There will be robots in our families, _ _ ?,isnt she,arent they,isnt there,werent there,wont there,三、特殊用法(二） 6. Sit down please, _ ? 7. Please call me, _? 8. Lets go home, _ ? 9. Let us go home, _ ? 10. Let me see, _ ?,will / w

10、ont you,shall / shant we,will / wont you,will / wont you,will / wont you,結(jié)構(gòu)二： 前否，+ 后肯 1. You arent an actor, _ _ ? 2. He isnt a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ? 5. His sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ? 6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _?,are you,is

11、he,does it,does she,was it,did you,7. You wont go to U.S.A., _ _? 8. There isnt a boy in our classroom, _ _ ? 9. There werent many cars in the street, _ _ ? 10. Dont smoke, _ _ ? 11. Dont lets do it, _ _ ？,will you,is there,were there,will you,shall we,3、祈使句 表達(dá)命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、勸告等，用原形。,1）帶第二人稱的祈使句 Be quiet,

12、 please. Dont make any noise! You call a taxi. Dont you forget it.(強(qiáng)調(diào)) Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldnt you? 2）帶第一、三人稱的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go. Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock.,注意： 1、加強(qiáng)語氣 Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me hav

13、e another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A :Shall I open the window? B :Yes, please do./ No, please dont. A :Shall we watch the game? B :Yes, lets.,4、“感嘆句”,所謂感嘆句，就是用來表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。,What a good time we had last night! What interesting films ! What fine weather we have today! How foolish she is! How clearly you spe

14、ak! How clever a boy he is!,A、感嘆句的句式 感嘆句一般由what或how開頭，句末加感嘆號(hào)“！”。 What修飾名詞， how修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞。,一）以what開頭的感嘆句,1.“What + a(an) + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + (主語 + 謂語)！” 如： What a clever boy (he is)! What a pity! 2.“What + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + （主語 + 謂語）！”如： What beautiful flowers (they are)! 3.“What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + （主語 + 謂語）

15、！”如： What fresh milk (it is)! What fun!,二）以how開頭的感嘆句,1.“How + 形容詞 + 主語 + 謂語！”如： How beautiful the girl is! 2.“How + 形容詞 + a(an) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + （主語 + 謂語） +！”如： How good an example he set for us! 3.“How + 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！”如： How fast he runs! 4.“How + 主語 + 謂語！”如： How time flies!,B、陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句的方法,把一個(gè)陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時(shí)，常使

16、用“一分二加三換位四去掉”的方法。具體步驟為： 第一步：“一分”， 即在謂語動(dòng)詞后面劃一雙豎線，使句子分為兩部分。如： He is a very honest boy. 他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。 Li Lei works very hard. 李雷學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦。,第二步：“二加”即如果第二部分的中心詞是名詞，就加上what；如果是形容詞或副詞，就加上how.如：He is (what) a very honest boy.Li Lei works(how) very hard.,第三步：“三換位”即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，句號(hào)換位感嘆號(hào)。如：What a very honest boy he

17、is!How very hard Li Lei works!,第四步：“四去掉”即原陳述句中含有very, too等程度副詞時(shí)，在變成感嘆句時(shí)要去掉。以上兩個(gè)句子就應(yīng)該變?yōu)橐韵滦问剑篧hat an honest boy he is!How hard Li Lei works!,C、特殊形式的感嘆句,一）在陳述句或疑問句句尾加感嘆號(hào)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如： He is a kind-hearted man! Have you ever read such an interesting book before! 二）用詞或短語表示的感嘆句。如： Wonderful!妙極了！ Good idea!

18、好主意！ Well done!干得好！ Great!棒極了！,D.感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換,what與how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，一般情況下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變。如： What an interesting story it is! =How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is! =How beautiful the building is!,Exercise: 一。用How , What (a / an) 填空 1. _ a heavy box ! 2. _ heavy the box is ! 3. _ hard work

19、 ! 4._ hard the work is ! 5. _ wonderful the film is ! 6. _ a wonderful film !,_ delicious food it is ! _interesting film! _bad weather ! _good day ! _tall the boy is ! _good news it is ! _beautiful clothes they are ! _ nice teacher he is ! _nice Tom is ! _ hard work ! _ hard job !,What What an What

20、 What a How What What What a How What What a,Exercise: 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1 .What a heavy rain ! _ _ the rain is ! 2. How interesting the boy is ! _ _ interesting boy !,( 二 )、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：,簡單句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),復(fù)合句 (complex sentence),1.簡單句 (simple sentence),只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Mary opened the door. 兩

21、個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. 一個(gè)主語和兩個(gè)謂語Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.,簡單句的 五種基本句型,(1) 主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P ) The weather is very cold. (2) 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+Vi ) +adv He laughed. (3) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+Vt+O ) I like Chinese food.,P,Vi,Vt,O,(4) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+Vt+IO+DO) She tau

22、ght them physics. (5) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+Vt+O+C) We must keep the room warm.,IO,DO,C,請(qǐng)說出下列句子類型。,1.Summer is coming. 2.They wont let me go. 3.He showed me a new TV set. 4.She knows what to do. 5.The weather is very cold.,S+Vi,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+PS+ViS+Vt+OS+Vt+IO+DOS+Vt+O+C,2.并列句(compoun

23、d sentence): 把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，則成為一個(gè)并列句。,I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions,平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:,and, bothand, no

24、t only but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet, when,for, so, therefore,or, otherwise ,eitheror,并列句的分類,1、The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes live

25、ly and interesting. 4、August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,1.August is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day I work from dawn until dark. 2.He is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan. 3.Honey is sweet,_ the bee stings. 4.Don

26、t be late, _there is a meeting. 5.Hurry up, _youll be late. 6.He works hard _his brother is a lazy bone. 7.He was enjoying his KFC _ a friend came.,練習(xí)一 ：用連詞填空,so,and,but,for,or,while,when,請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。 1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid

27、of the dog.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.,He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but he didnt keep it.,Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guest

28、s.,3.復(fù)合句:主句+從句 主句是一個(gè)完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以獨(dú)立存在。 從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在.,By the time he arrived, 1 we had already left. 2,請(qǐng)指出該復(fù)合句的主句和從句部分。,從句,主句,在復(fù)合句中，主要包含以下類型從句： 1.主語從句 2.賓語從句 3.表語從句 4.同位語從句 5.狀語從句 6.定語從句,中學(xué)生英文寫作中經(jīng)常 使用的從句有： 賓語從句 狀語從句 定語從句,指出下列各從句的類型：,I hope that everything is all rig

29、ht. She was reading the newspaper when I came in. She is the girl who sings best of all.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,He has found out .She was late.(why),請(qǐng)用括號(hào)中所給的詞把每組句子連接為一個(gè)復(fù)合句。,I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.,He has foun

30、d out why she was late.,請(qǐng)把每組句子連接為一個(gè)含有狀語從句復(fù)合句。 Ill give the letter to him .I see him. (時(shí)間狀語從句) He didnt come yesterday .He was ill. (原因狀語從句) It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (結(jié)果狀語從句) Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow. (條件狀語從句) We should not go there all the time. The place is quit

31、e pleasant.(讓步狀語從句),Ill give the letter to him when I see him. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,有下劃線的詞叫從屬連詞 (subordinati

32、ng conjunction),9種狀語從句 即用作狀語的分句, 可作下列狀語： 1、時(shí)間（after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever ,as long as, as soon as; the moment, every time, next time; no soonerthan, hardlywhen ）； 2、地點(diǎn)（where, wherever） ； 3、方式（as, as if, as though） ； 4、程度/比較（asas , more than, ） ；,5、原因（because, since,

33、as, now that ,that） ； 6、結(jié)果（,so that ,sothat ,suchthat） ； 7、目的（so that ,in order that ,in case） ； 8、條件（if, unless） ； 9、讓步（though ,although, even if, even though , so ,whenever ,wherever, whoever ,whichever,however ,no matter how, whether） 。,并列復(fù)合句 即并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。,English is widely used in the world,

34、but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.,請(qǐng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)改正下列病句 My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up. I went to bed.Because I was tired.,My roommate was sleeping . We didnt want to wake her up. My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up. I went to bed beca

35、use I was tired.,練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句,一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seve

36、n in the evening.,簡單句,復(fù)合句,簡單句,簡單句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10

37、. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,復(fù)合句,并列句,復(fù)合句,簡單句,簡單句,三、選擇填空：,1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. andB. orC. ifD. so 2. Its the third time that John has been late, _? A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it 3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. HowB.

38、WhatC. What aD. What an,4. Let us pass, _? A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you 5. I suppose hes serious, _ ? A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he 6. You had better not smoke here, _? A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you 7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competitio

39、n. A. thenB. butC. andD. or,8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. andB. butC. so D. because 9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Hen

40、ry 10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. orB. for C. while D. so 11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out. A. or B. and C. butD. so,12. - “_ is the temperature today?” -“Its 38 degrees.” A.

41、WhichB. HowC. How hot D. How high 13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _. A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isntC. No, he is D. He is 14. _ friendly _ to everyone! A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is 15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired. A. orB. soC. for D. yet,16.

42、Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made 17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library. A. butB. andC. orD. yet 18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell me B. If you would s

43、ay to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he,20. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it. A. sinceB. butC. because D. so 21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn

44、C. Turned D. Turn 22. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much. A. and, andB. and, but C. or, and D. or, but 23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy. A. andB. soC. asD. but,24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to

45、 business right away? A. andB. thenC. or D. otherwise 25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived 26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed 27. She t

46、hought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while,28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave 29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday. A. do youB. will youC.

47、didnt youD. dont you 30. _ him and then try to copy what he does. A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch,四、按要求完成下列句子：,1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句） 2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫線部分提問） 3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑問）,wont there,How lon

48、g have they lived here?,He doesnt dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth.,4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句） 5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句) 6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）,What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the

49、 story is!,Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?,Be careful with your pronunciation.,7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫線部分提問） 8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑問）,could they,How often does this magazine come out?,9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）

50、10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （對(duì)畫線部分提問）,10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?,9. How brightly the moon is shining!,Bye-bye!,二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：,I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacati

51、on and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where

52、it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）.