2012屆高考英語語法精品學案：專題十一 名詞性從句

1、 名詞性從句一直備受高考命題者的關注，近幾年來的高考題主要考查在具體語境中連接詞的選擇，尤其是連接詞what和that的辨析，以及whether 與if表示“是否”時的區(qū)別。因此，正確區(qū)分名詞性從句的類型，根據(jù)在從句中的作用和所表達的意義，確定恰當?shù)倪B接詞是一輪復習的重點。此外，名詞性從句和定語從句的辨析，也是高考考查的重點。 一、認識各種名詞性從句名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作句子的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句具體分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / if，連接代詞what / who(m)/ which /

2、whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞where / when / why / how 。從名詞性從句在句中所起的作用來說，名詞性從句是句子不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之間也不會用逗號隔開。而定語從句和狀語從句是句子中的修飾成分，去掉之后不會影響句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。這是判斷是否是名詞性從句最主要的特征。如：I wonder how much these shoes cost. (賓語從句，不可省去)He is the very man I look after. (定語從句，修飾the man)You may bor

3、row the book as long as you keep it clean. (狀語從句)1主語從句Who will go is not important. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. (形式主語it代替后面的真正的主語從句)注意：that引導主語從句放于句首時，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 2表語從句The question was who could go there. My idea is that we c

4、an get more people to help in the work. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. It looked as if it was going to rain. 3 .賓語從句I hope (that) everything is all right. 注意：(1)that在引導賓語從句時，?？墒÷?，但如果有兩個以上的賓語從句時，最后一個從句的that不能省略。如：I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking

5、for a job. (2)如果動詞賓語后又有補語，那么要使用it作形式賓語，然后把賓語從句放在補語之后。如：I make it known that well be invited to the ball. (3)如果主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是一般過去時，那么從句的時態(tài)要采用相應的與過去有關的時態(tài)，但如果從句描述的是客觀事實，從句時態(tài)不可調(diào)整“呼應”。如：She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate. Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 4同位

6、語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。如：I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 注意：在動詞：一堅持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建議(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后的賓語從句和這些動詞的過去分詞后的主

7、語從句，以及這些動詞的名詞引出的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語部分常用(should)do形式。如：He insisted that he (should) try once again. His advice is that everyone (should) do his best to help the poor girl. It is required that students (should) attend at least 90% of the lectures. 二、名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞是名詞性從句中最核心的問題，也是高考的?？键c。連接詞的選擇要考慮它在從句中的作

8、用和所表達的意義。連接詞詞義在句中所例句作成分從屬連詞that/The problem is that we dont haveenough money.if/ whether是否/ The question is whether they have so much money.連接詞詞義在句中所例句作成分連接代詞who/whom/which/whose/what原疑問代詞的意義；what更常表示：the thing that / the that 所的東西/主語、賓語、表語、定語Pay attention to what the teacher said. Who kept the door

9、 open all night was unknown.whoever/whomever/ whichever/ whatever 無論誰/ 無論哪個(些)/無論什么主語、賓語、表語、定語Whoever breaks the law will be punished. You can take whichever book you like. 連接詞詞義在句中所作成分例句連接副詞when/ where/ why/ how 原疑問副詞的意義或“的時間(the time when)；的地點(the place where)；的原因(the reason why)”；的方式(the way that

10、)狀語When he will go is unknown. I wonder why he tried to avoid me. This room is where I was born. This is how we work. 1what與that(1)【誤】 All what he did was for you. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2)【誤】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I c

11、ould do for you. 【解析】 what引導名詞性從句，what相當于the thing that/ the that/ all that等，具體的意義要根據(jù)上下文確定。在名詞性從句中，what既有意義，又在從句中作一定的成分，而that無意義，且在從句中不作成分。2who與 whoever【誤】 Who is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift.

12、 【解析】 whoever引導名詞性從句，意為“無論誰”，相當于anyone who；而who意為“誰”。3whether與if(1)【誤】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. (2)【誤】 It depends on if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 【解析】 在以下情況只能用whether不能用if：作介詞賓語時，連接詞一般用whether。It all depends on w

13、hether they will come back. 后面直接跟or not 時，用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much time. whether可與動詞不定式連用，但if不能。I have not decided whether to go or

14、 not. whether可引導一個讓步狀語從句，表示“不管，無論”，而if不能。Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. 4whoever 與whomever【誤】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 【解析】 此處，whoever在從句中作主語，因此不能用whomever。名詞性從句引導詞的選擇要注意其意義及它在從句中所作的成分。5【誤】 He will w

15、in the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 【解析】 that位于句首引導主語從句時，不能省略。6【誤】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 【解析】 what 引導的從句作主語時，若表示復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)。7名詞性從句的語序【誤】 So now you know what should you do

16、.【正】 So now you know what you should do.【解析】 名詞性從句應用陳述語序。8 【誤】 Theres a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 【正】 Its a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 【解析】 It is a fact that句型中，It為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句。it不能換成there。9【誤】 He is late. Thats why he go

17、t up late this morning.【正】 He is late. Thats because he got up late this morning. 【解析】 Thats why的原因；Thats because 那是因為此處起床晚是遲到的原因，故用Thats because10【誤】 Well discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium. 【正】 Well discuss the problem when/whether the sports meeting will b

18、e held in Beijing Stadium. 【解析】 如果用that引導同位語從句意義不完整，這時可根據(jù)情況選用whether, when等。12010全國卷 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere【解析】D where引導賓語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。22009北京卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got

19、any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif【解析】 D考查賓語從句的引導詞的選擇。句意為：最初他不喜歡這份新工作，但是他決定給自己幾個月的時間來看一下這份工作是否會變得更好。所以用if引導賓語從句。32010全國卷 Have you finished the book?No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere【解析】 D考查賓語從句連接詞。答句句意為：我已經(jīng)讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘洞穴的部分。where引導的從句充當up to的賓語，強調(diào)地點概念。420

20、10福建卷 We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether【解析】 C考查引導詞。句意為：我們應該尊重食物，考慮那些沒有我們擁有的東西并很好地對待食物的人們。who引導的定語從句修飾the people，定語從句中又含有一個賓語從句，這個賓語從句中we have 缺少賓語，所以用what引導賓語從句。5_ the flight to New York will be delayed i

21、s _Im especially worried about. AIf; what BWhether; thatCWhen; that DWhether; what【解析】 D句意為：到紐約的航班是否會被耽擱是我特別擔心的事情。放在句首的主語從句表“是否”要用whether引導，而不能用if，what引導表語從句。表示所擔心的事情。選D。62010重慶卷 To improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. Awhoever BwhoCwhichever Dwhich【解

22、析】 A考查賓語從句引導詞。句意為：為了提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，我們向任何使用過我們產(chǎn)品的人征求意見。這里可以表示“任何人”的只有whoever，引導賓語從句，在從句中作主語。正常語序應為asked whoever had used the products for suggestions。72010北京卷 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. AWhether BWhat CThat DHow【解析】 B本題考查主語從句的引導詞。在主語從句_some people regard as a drawbac

23、k中，regard缺少賓語，選B。8. 2010北京卷 I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.Awho Bwhere Cwhat Dhow【解析】 C本題考查名詞性從句的引導詞。for后跟賓語從句，從句中am后缺少表語，故用what，相當于一個名詞加that。92010北京卷 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. Awhat Bt

24、hat Cwhy Dwhether【解析】 B本題考查表語從句的引導詞。當the reason作主語，后面接表語從句時，習慣上用that來連接。10Mum is coming. What present_ for your birthday?Ayou expect she has gotByou expect has she gotCdo you expect she has gotDdo you expect has she got【解析】 C考查雙重疑問句，疑問詞do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分(句子用陳述句語序)。11People believe th

25、at there is no doubt _a cure for H1N1 has been found. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether【解析】 B考查同位語從句。There is no doubt that為固定句型，that在從句中不充當成分。122010江蘇卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat【解

26、析】 A本題考查名詞性從句。where引導表語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。注意agree是不及物動詞。13Father made a promise _I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. Athat Bif Cwhether Dthat if【解析】 Dthat引導同位語從句。在同位語從句中又含有一個由if引導的條件狀語從句。14_ children should learn from around us is a question of great importance. AWhere BWhom CWhen D

27、How【解析】 B考查對句式和引導詞的判斷能力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可排除A、C、D，也可根據(jù)句意“孩子們該向誰學習”得知答案。15Alice looks blue today. Yes, I asked her, but she wouldnt say _ troubled her. Awhy was it that Bthat was why Cit was what Dwhat it was that【解析】 D考查賓語從句的語序和強調(diào)句型。句意為：“愛麗絲今天顯得沮喪?！薄笆堑?，我問她為何，她沒說究竟是什么讓她傷心?！?62010浙江卷 How about camping this weeke

28、nd，just for a change?OK，_you want. Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever【解析】 C句意：“這個周末野營怎么樣，來點新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”答語中謂語動詞want缺少賓語，排除B、D項；whichever需要在語境中給出具體范圍，所以排除A項。whatever等于anything that。172010陜西卷 It never occurred to me _you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif

29、【解析】 C本題考查名詞性從句中的主語從句。It 為形式主語，真正的主語從句中不缺任何成分，根據(jù)句子意思，只需要用that 連接。182010四川卷 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy【解析】 B考查連詞詞義辨析。賓語從句中with缺少賓語，whether his friends or relatives暗示缺少的是指人的賓語。19You know, Im poor in Chi

30、nese; you are not good at English, and Thats _ we should help each other. Awhen Bwhere Chow Dthat【解析】 B考查名詞性從句。where引導的從句作表語，where意為“的地方”。20The free tickets will go to _ comes first to the concert. Awhoever BwhomeverCwhichever Dno matter who【解析】 A本題考查名詞性從句。題干句子空白處用whoever連接賓語從句同時在賓語從句中作主語，指人。句意為：免費票

31、將送給第一個來聽音樂會的聽眾，不管他是誰。注意no matter who只能引導狀語從句，不能連接名詞性從句。1(2011陜西西安分科質(zhì)檢)After working on the maths problem for hours，he found_he thought was the key to it.Awhat BthatCwhere Dwhich解析：what引導的名詞性從句作found的賓語從句的主語，而且what在賓語從句中作主語。he thought 為插入語。答案：A2(2011濟南第二次統(tǒng)考)The hospital nearby has just got a，_youd ca

32、ll it，er.a scanner.Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow解析：考查名詞性從句。該句比較口語化。句意是“附近的醫(yī)院剛搞來一個你們叫它什么對，掃描器”。答案：C3(2011濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Sometimes advertisements makepossible for companies to sell the customers _money can not buy.A/；that Bit；whatCthat；which Dit；whose解析：句意為：有時廣告讓公司把用錢買不到的東西賣給顧客變得可能。it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語。what 引導的是賓語從句，

33、并在賓語從句中作賓語。答案：B4(2011四川綿陽模擬)Most of_we call geniuses (天才) are successful only because they have made extraordinary efforts.Awhom BwhoCwhich Dwhat解析：分析句子成分可知of后的賓語從句中，動詞call后面缺少英語補足語，故用what引導。答案：D5(2011寧夏銀川調(diào)研)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.Awhichever Bhow

34、everCwhatever Dwhoever解析：句意為：她對我們彌足珍貴。我們已經(jīng)準備好盡一切努力挽救她的生命。這里的whatever 既作take的賓語，也引導do后的賓語從句。答案：C6(2010西城5月)Why are you staring at me?You look stupid！The way you wear is_annoys me most.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat解析：考查名詞性從句的引導詞。所選關系代詞引導一個表語從句，并在從句中作主語，所以要用what。答案：D7(2011湖北武漢聯(lián)考)Faced with trouble or difficu

35、lty，a person takes _help that is available.Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever解析：句意為：面對困難或挫折，一個人會接受任何可能得到的幫助。whatever 在此修飾help，意為“無論什么”，而其他三個選項，不作形容詞，不能修飾名詞，故排除。答案：A8(2011浙江溫州聯(lián)考)The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat BwhichCthat Dthough解析：句意為：近年地球越來越暖的事實讓許多科學家擔心。從句“the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years”不缺少成分，因此選C項。that引導的從句作fact的同位語。答案：C9(2011日照市調(diào)研考試)Do you know her?No.Her name rings a bell but I cant remember_I read it before.Awhere BwhatCthat Dif解析：考