Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures - Assessing Your Progress 詞匯精講課堂VIP

詞匯課堂版本：新人教單元：必修二Unit4(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—AssessingYourProgress)本單元詞匯梳理1.charge：一詞多義：詞源義和基本義是“負荷”詞塊：chargeforsth,chargesb(for)sth,chargesbwith(doing)sth;inchargeof,takechargeof,freeofcharge派生詞：charger2.announce：an-(to)+nounce(report報告)→通知派生詞：announcer,announcement詞塊：announce=makeanannouncement3.amount：a-(加強意義)+-mount-(mountain山)→到達山頂→到達最頂處→總、合詞塊：alargeamountof;amountto4.gallery：詞塊：anartgallery5.approach：一詞多義：基本義“接近”(comenearer)意為“處理……的方法”時與介詞to搭配，類似結構有solutionto,keyto,wayto等6.ensure：en-(make使)+sure(確認)近義詞：makesure7.landscape：land(land土地)+-scap(e)(condition狀況)→“土地的狀況”，原用于繪畫術語指自然風景畫，后泛指“風景”

8.generous：gener-(birth,produce產生)+-ous→(不斷)產生→(物)豐富的→(人)慷慨的

句式：it’sgenerousofsbtodosth,begeneroustosb/withsth派生詞：generousity,generously9.butter：詞塊：breadandbutter10.honey：蜂蜜→親愛的(非正式用語)11.ancestor：an-(before前面)+cest-(togo走)+-or(人)→走在前面的人→祖先12.position：一詞多義：基本義“位置”

詞塊：applyforaposition,insb’sposition13.courtyard：court(n

宮廷)+yard14.snack：詞塊：asnackbar15.eager：詞塊：beeagerfor/todosth

派生詞：eagerly,eagerness16.poet：poe-(make做)→作詩的人→詩人

詞族：poem,poet,poetry17.county：來自count(伯爵)，伯爵管轄的土地→郡、縣法國作家大仲馬有著名作品《基督山伯爵》(TheCountofMonteCristo)18.feast：詞塊：aweddingfeast,avisualfeast19.roll：一詞多義：基本義“(使)滾動/轉動”詞塊：arollofpaper,springrolls

派生詞：rolling

(rollinghills)20.dot：名詞動詞化“布滿；星羅棋布于”(Theskywasdottedwithstars.)21.cattle：指牛的總稱，不能說acattle；詞塊：twentyheadofcattle22.roar：擬聲詞，模仿咆哮的聲音23.ocean：英式英語用sea，美式用ocean24.greet：近義詞：welcome；派生詞：greeting隱喻：具體的“迎接”某人→抽象的“迎接”→對……作出反應；詞塊：greet…with25.pub：縮寫自publichouse26.wine：詞塊：redwine27.beer：音譯詞28.custom：custom的本意是“習俗、慣例”，也指“海關、關稅”，因為繳納關稅原本是一種慣例。早在古希臘時代，雅典成為愛琴海沿岸的商貿中心。外地商人為了保障自己在當?shù)氐馁Q易權利和利益，就向雅典城邦當局贈送禮物。后來，雅典以使用其港口為名，正式向來往商品征收一定比例的費用。在英國，外地商人進入某地進行商貿活動時，需要向當?shù)仡I主繳納一項例行的入市費，稱為customarytolls。因此，custom便衍生了“關稅”的含義，通常用其復數(shù)形式。后來，custom又用來表示征收關稅的場所，即“海關”。29.sensory：sense(感覺)+-ory30.striking：strike+-ing詞族：strike,striking,stricken31.crowd：詞塊：acrowdof/crowdsof

派生詞：crowded(becrowedwith)

重難點詞精講crowdamounteager搭配義搭配義熟詞生義搭配義charge一詞多義position一詞多義英語釋義英語的發(fā)展史approach一詞多義en詞綴announce一詞多義rollgreet一詞多義一詞多義charge詞源根據詞源可知，charge名詞的詞源義是“負荷”，在此基礎上衍生出各層釋義。charge和car（車）同源，來自拉丁語carrus（一種兩輪貨車，即裝載貨物的車），由這個拉丁語衍生而來的單詞都跟“裝載、承載”有關，比如cargo（貨物），carriage（馬車；客車車廂），carry(攜帶；搬運)，career（職業(yè)）以及charge

[U]主管；負責：①incharge(ofsth):

CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?2009全國②in/undersb’scharge:Thefileswereleftinyourcharge.③takechargeof:DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram?2010安徽

charge

n

[C]&[U]費用；價錢：Deliveryisfreeofcharge.

[C]指控；罪名：Shewasarrestedonthechargeoftheft.Policedroppedthechargesagainsthimbecauseofinsufficientevidence.

[C]&[U]電荷；電量：oncharge

apositive/negativecharge

vt&vi(向……)收費；開價：①

charge(sb/sth)forsth:Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.2009安徽②chargesbsth(forsth):Therestaurantonlychargedme$40(forwine).charge

v

vt指控；控告：chargesbwith(doing)sth:Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.

vt&vi(給……)充電：Heforgottochargethebattery.?chargern[C]充電器

vi&vt(向……)沖；進攻：Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole,theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.負荷（基本義）charge罪名的負荷金錢的負荷責任的負荷①

負責②費用③

指控電荷的負荷④

電量charge語義網絡圖n①

(向……)收費；開價②

指控；控告③

(給……)充電④

(向……)

沖；進攻vannouncevt

宣告；宣布：Pleaseremainseated;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.2008遼寧MrWhiteannouncedthathewouldgotoChinainFebruary.

2008全國

(尤指在機場或火車站)廣播通知：Thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforesettingdown.

2010四川

宣布……的到來/出席：Wouldyouannouncetheguestsastheycomein?

an-(to)+nounce(report報告)→通知【詞匯拓展】announcern[C]

(電視臺/電臺的)播音員；(機場或車站的)廣播員announcementn[C]通告；布告[U]宣布；宣告：makeanannouncement

IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.2012全國書面表達amount■n[C]&[U]數(shù)量；數(shù)額；總數(shù)：Whenyouaretraveling,don’tdisplaylargeamountsofcashtoothers.Alittlebitofkindnesswillberewardedwithahugeamountofbenefit.注：amountsof/alarge(huge/small)amountof尤與不可數(shù)名詞連用。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與amount的數(shù)保持一致。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonbuildingthebridge.There’sonlyasmallamountoffood.a-(加強意義)+-mount-(mountain山)→到達山頂→到達最頂處→總、合viamountto

達到(某數(shù)量)；合計：Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million.2017浙江

相當于；等于；意味著：Keepingwhatbelongstoanotheramountstostealing.翻譯句子。1.圣誕節(jié)就要來臨。______________________________2.列車即將進站。______________________________approachChristmasiscoming.approachingThetrainisarriving.approaching詞源：動詞approach由ad

“to”+propiare

[拉丁語prope（near）的比較級]構成，詞源義/基本義是“comenearer”“靠近；接近”。

vt&vi(距離上)靠近(near)；(時間上)臨近；(數(shù)量上)接近

tocomenearornearertosb/sthinspace,time,amount,etc.：approachvApproachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.2016全國AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.2012陜西書面表達Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.走近來臨接近

vt與……接洽

tospeaktosbusuallyinordertoaskforsth：Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.2012陜西Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.

vt處理

tostartdealingwithaproblem,task,etc.：What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?表示處理的詞還有：dealwith,handle,address

[U]靠近；接近：theapproachofautumnThestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.

[C]通道；道路aroadorpath,etc.leadingtosth：All

approachestothetownwereblocked.

[C](處理……的)方法；(達到……的)途徑awayofdealingwithsb/sth：adifferentapproachtotheproblemtryanewapproachtoteachingEnglishapproachn跟to搭配的常見名詞有：answer,key,solution,visit,way,path,contribution,entrance,exit,access等

approach語義網絡圖vn（距離上）靠近；（時間上）臨近；（數(shù)量上）接近靠近；接近與……接洽通道；道路（處理……的）方法（達到……的）途徑“靠近”距離、時間、數(shù)量等“靠近”人“靠近”事情處理靠近基本義position單詞拼寫：1.The_____________________（位置）oftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeellikeIwasdreaming.(2015浙江)2.I’mwritingtoapplyforthe___________________（職位）asastudentvolunteer.(2015陜西)location/position更正式positionjob/post/position

[C]＆[U]位置；方位；(恰當或正確的)位置：Canyoushowmethepositionofthecityonthemap?Theorchestrawereallinposition,waitingfortheconductor.position

【基本義】位置

n

[C]＆[U]姿勢；(物體所指的)方向：Lieinacomfortableposition.Keeptheboxinanuprightposition.

[C]＆[U]地位；身份：Thesocialpositionofeachcharacterinfluencesthewaytheybehavetoeachother.

[C]

[正式用語]職位；職務ajob

(post)：HeisthinkingofapplyingforthepositionofChiefEditor.

[C]

(比賽中的)名次：

Shefinishedtheracein

firstposition.

[C]

[常用單數(shù)]處境；狀況

thestateorsituationthatsb/sthisin：Whatwouldyoudoifinmyposition?

[C][常與on連用]立場；觀點；態(tài)度(attitude)anopiniononoranattitudetowardsaparticularsubject:Ihopeyou’llreconsider

yourposition.

vt

放置；安放(place)：Ipositionedmyselftotakethebestphotooftheseaview.2017天津改名詞動詞化位置（基本義）place在社會上的位置人身體/物體的位置在空間上的位置位置；方位;(恰當或正確的)位置在工作中的位置比賽中的位置處境中的位置觀點的位置position語義網絡圖姿勢；(物體所指的)方向地位；身份職位；職務(比賽中的)名次處境；狀況立場；觀點；態(tài)度nv放置；安放adj

渴望的；熱切的(keen)：Hisclasseswerecrowdedwitheagerstudents.①(be)eagertodosth:Mikeiseagertostayawayfromthebusycitylifeforawhile.②(be)eagerforsth:Heiseagerforsuccess.?eagerlyadv

熱心地；急切地?eagernessn[U]熱切；渴望eagerroll■vt&vi

(使)滾動；轉動：Cassierolledhereyes.

2008湖南Tearsslowlyrolleddownhercheeks.

卷；使成筒形/球形：Herolleduphissleeves.

Weracedaroundthegardenandrolledabigsnowballtomakealovelysnowman.

北師大新必修①–3rollover翻身；打滾■n[C]卷；卷形物；面包卷；(正式的)名冊：arollofcarpet/paperSpringRolls

/thehonorroll

rollingadj

起伏的：rollinghills/waves11月21日是“世界問候日”，是第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭（FourthMiddleEastWar）期間（1973年10月6日至10月26日），為促進埃及（Egypt）與以色列（Israel）之間的和平，來自澳大利亞（Australia）的姆可馬克（McCormack）與米切爾（Michael）兩兄弟自愿宣傳并設立的。節(jié)日的意義在于向全世界祈禱和平。不同國家的不同問候方式greetWorldHelloDaygreetvt打招呼；問候；迎接

(welcome)：greettheNewYearHegreetedhisteacherbysaying“Goodmorning!”.greet...withWheneverImether,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.2009山東Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews.2011山東詞匯拓展greeting

n

[C]&[U]問候；致意；迎接：They

exchangedgreetings

(=greetedeachother)andsatdowntolunch.Shewavedafriendlygreeting.Sheraisedherhandingreeting.

[復數(shù)]

祝詞；賀詞；問候語：Christmas/birthdaygreetingsMymothersendshergreetingstoyouall.翻譯歌詞：歌曲《傳奇》中的歌詞“只是因為在人群中多看了你一眼，再也沒能忘掉你容顏。”crowd僅供參考：JustbecauseofonemoreglanceatyouinthecrowdIcan’tforgetyourfacefromthatmomenton■n[C]人群；觀眾：Thecrowderuptedintolaughter.2010福建Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.2009湖北acrowdof/crowdsof一大群；很多：Aftermakingmywaythroughcrowdsofpeople,Ifinallyfoundasubwaylinethatwasoperating.2008山東crowd■v

vt擠滿；塞滿：Onlookerscrowdedthestreet.crowdaroomwithfurnitureMemoriesfromhighschoolcrowdedhismind.

vi

聚集；涌進；蜂擁而至：Pupilscrowdedround(theirteacher)toaskquestions.Thousandsofpeoplehavecrowdedintothesmalltown.crowdedadj

擁擠的；擠滿的；裝滿的：acrowdedroad/city/railwaystationTherestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.2016全國en-+sure→ensureen-+able→enableen-+rich→enrichen-+danger→endangeren-+courage→encourage使役動詞詞綴en“使役動詞”前綴en-及后綴-en可加在形容詞和名詞前或后構成動詞，en詞綴意為“使”“使成為”“使處于……之中”。short+-en→shortendeaf+-en→deafenfright+-en→frightenthreat+-en→threatenlight+-en→lighten使役動詞前綴en-說出下列單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。v

確保v使能夠v使遭遇危險v鼓勵v使豐富v(使)變短v(使)變明亮/減輕v

使震得耳朵發(fā)聾v

使驚嚇v

威脅英語發(fā)展簡史公元450年公元1100年公元1500年公元1800年盎格魯人、撒克遜人等（日耳曼部落）在不列顛定居：古英語形成；基督教傳入：拉丁語詞進入英語；北歐人入侵：斯堪的納維亞各國詞匯進入英語諾曼征服：法語詞進入英語文藝復興：大量拉丁語詞和希臘語詞進入英語科技詞匯大量增長；美國英語地位確立；多種新英語變體出現(xiàn)古英語時期OldEnglish中古英語時期MiddleEnglish早期現(xiàn)代英語時期后期現(xiàn)代英語時期現(xiàn)代英語時期ModernEnglish隨堂檢測一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。_________1.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.(2015全國)._________2.Iagreetohissuggestionontheconditionthathedropsallcharges.(2010遼寧)

_________3.Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.(2011福建)

_________4.Howlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeup

aniPhone?(2009湖南)_________5.Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwith

tension(緊張氣氛).(2014重慶)

費用放棄指控指控；控告給……充電充滿……charge二、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。1.Iwonderifthere’saservicecharge________ourmeal.(2011上海)2.Theywantedtocharge$5,000_________thecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.

3.We’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshould____________(charge)forparks.

三、根據所給提示完成下列句子。1.Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayand__________(免費的).2.Iwasappointedto____________________________________(負責)arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(2011天津書面表達)

forforbechargedfreeofchargebeinchargeof/takechargeofannounce一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein6,800ofitsstores.(2011湖北) ___________2.Butthenaweekbeforethetrip,shesuddenlyannouncedthattheywouldn’ttaketheholiday.(2010四川) ___________二、空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin1932,Reagangotajobasaradiosports___________(announce).(2010廣東)2.The_______________(announce)wasgreetedenthusiastically.三、根據所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Silence,please.MrWhteisaboutto_______________________(宣布通知).2.Hesaidtheluckywoman____________________________(將在網上公布)andthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017全國)宣布宣布/宣稱/鄭重其事地說announcerannouncementmakeanannouncementwillbeannouncedonthewebsiteamount一、根據句意寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.Ifyouaddalltheseamountstogetheryougetahugefigure.___________2.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto

4.56million.

(2017浙江) ___________二、根據所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.Iwassurprisedat____________________

(工作量)Ihadtodo.2.Ispent____________________

(大量的時間)preparingfortheexam.達到數(shù)目；數(shù)量alargeamountoftimetheamountofwork43一、根據句意選出approach的最佳釋義。___________

1.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomandapproachedourtable.(2013陜西)___________2.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.

___________3.Heapproachedmetocreateanddesigntherestaurant.___________4.Thetemperaturesareapproaching37oC.靠近

處理與……接洽

接近approach44二、根據所給漢語用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(處理困難的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________________________(他們教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect___________________________(秋天的來臨).4.Thereisa__________________________(去市里的新路).myapproachtodifficultiestheirapproachtoeducatingtheapproachofautumnnewapproachtothecitytheirchildren一、寫出下列句子中position的漢語釋義。

1.Ihadtofindsomeoneelsetofillinher

position

forthemoment.

(2014湖北)

______________2.SpainandtheUStaketheleading

position

inbuildingsmartcities. ______________3.Sorry,DoctorWhiteisoutoftownandI’mnotintheposition

togiveoutthatkindofinformation. ______________職位；職務地位處境position二、用position的適當形式填空。1.

Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__________.(2009上海)

2.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersanda“global-___________”somethingorotherthat’ssupposedtospotmefromspace.(2012福建)

3.Onecanfindhis_________inlifeinhisownway.

positi