湖北省十堰市2025屆高三下學(xué)期4月三模英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省十堰市2025屆高三下學(xué)期4月三模英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthemansound?A.Tired. B.Confused. C.Worried.【答案】C【原文】W:Roger,didyoudrinkjuiceearlier?Youdroppedalittleonyourshirt.M:Oh,no!Ihaveameetingcomingup.HowcanIgivemyspeechwiththis?I’mupsetaboutfacingsuchtrouble.2.Whatwillthemanprobablybuild?A.Agarden. B.Afrontyard. C.Aplayground.【答案】A【原文】W:Yourfrontyardissobig.Ithinkyoucanbuildaplaygroundhere.M:Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforthatproject.ButI’llplantsomevegetableandflowerseedshere.Imaginethebeautifulplantsthatwillgrow.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Chefandassistant. B.Waitressandcustomer. C.Employerandemployee.【答案】B【原文】W:Hi,canItakeyourorderyet?M:I’msosorry.ButI’mstillexpectingmyparentstoarrive.W:Notaproblem.Findanotherwaitresslater,andwe’llhavethechefsstartpreparingyourfoodwheneveryou’reready.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Playingwithchildren. B.Payingforthecar. C.Sellingacar.【答案】C【原文】W:Ourvehicle’sseatsaremadeofqualityleather.Pleasesitinthedriver’sseatandexperiencethiscomfort.M:Ilovethebackseatspace,too.Mychildrenwouldloveit.W:OK.Let’sdiscussyourpaymentplansforthisnewcar.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thefoodprice. B.Thedailydiet. C.Thecookingskill.【答案】B【原文】M:Haveyouevertriedeatinghealthily?W:Yeah.Ibuyfreshfoodandcookbalancedmealsdaily.M:Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforthreemeals.W:Justplentyoffruit,vegetablesandsomemeat.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whyisthewomangoingtotheairport?A.Tocatchaplane. B.Tomeetherparents. C.Toseeherbrotheroff.7.Wheredoesthewoman’sbrotherlive?A.InAmerica. B.InBritain. C.InFrance.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】M:Whereareyougoing?W:Totheairport,please,butIneedtomakeaquickstopatmyofficefirst.M:AreyouflyingfromAmericatoanothercountry?W:No,IamgoingtopickupmyparentsfromBritain.Theyarejusttravellingaroundtheworld.M:Whendotheyexactlyland?W:Inanhour.TheywillbehereforfivedaysbeforevisitingmybrotherinFrance.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewoman'swashingmachine?A.Free. B.Dirty. C.Noisy.9.Whowillcheckthewoman'swashingmachine?A.Herfather. B.Arepairman. C.Herneighbor.【答案】8.C9.A【原文】M:Whatisthatloudnoise?Itissostrange!W:It’sjustmywashingmachine.Ithasbeennoisyformonths.Obviously,oneofitspartsisloose.M:Sinceyouboughtitrecently,whynotcallforrepair?W:Eventhoughitshouldbecovered,itcanstillcleantheclothes,justveryloudly.M:I’msurprisedthatyourneighborsdon’tcomplain.W:WhenIwashmyclothes,theyareoftennotathome.Butmyfatherwillcheckitthisweekend.Heisanengineer,andheisreallygoodwithmachines.Heishappytobeinchargeofrepairingalltheequipmentinmyhouseforfree.M:Wow,Ienvyyouforhavingacapablefather.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatisthemantryingtodecide?A.Whethertosendhiskidstoschool.B.Whethertorebuildhishouse.C.Whethertomovehouse.11.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisneighbors?A.Theyareverynice. B.Theyaretroublesome. C.Theyarestrugglingtoadjust.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Findingacleanplacetolivein.B.Takingapictureoftheoldhouse.C.Consultingaprofessionalforadvice.【答案】10.C11.A12.C【原文】M:Ican’tdecidewhetherweshouldmoveornot.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbothstayingandleaving.W:It’sindeedhardtomakeadecision.Whatarethebenefitsofstaying?M:Well,we’recomfortablehere.Ourkidsaresettledintheirschools.Wehavegreatneighbors.Movingseemstootroublesome.It’sexpensive,andthere’stheuncertaintyoffindingaplacethat’sbetterthanwhatwehavenow.Plus,ourkidsmaystrugglewithadjustingtoanewschool.W:Youhaveapoint,butwhataboutthedisadvantagesofstaying?M:Thehouseisgettingtoosmallasourkidsgrow,andIthinkweneedachangeofourlivingenvironment.Whatifwefindabetterplace?Wecanfindabiggerhouse,andafreshstartcanbeexciting.W:It’sdefinitelyatoughchoice.Whynotdiscussitwitharealestateagentorafinancialadvisor?M:Thatmightbeagoodideatogetaclearerpictureofouroptions.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.WhatdoesJackthinkofblogging?A.Itisawasteoftime. B.Itisveryuseful. C.Ittakesnotime.14.WhydoesJackwantasmartwatch?A.Toreducehisphoneuse. B.Tomonitorhisexercise. C.Totreatitasabirthdaygift.15.WhatdoesMarymainlyusehersmartwatchtodo?A.Remindheroftasks. B.Recordherdailysteps. C.Communicatewithothers.16.HowoldisMaryturningthisyear?A.11. B.21. C.22.【答案】13.A14.A15.B16.C【原文】M:Mary,I’vebeenwonderingifasmartwatchcouldhelpmereducemymobilephoneuse.W:Really?Butwhy,Jack?M:Well,myproblemisthatIoftenpickmyphoneuptodosomethingimportant,likesendinganemailormakingacall.ButbeforeIknowit,I’monmyblog.W:Metoo!Idothatallthetime.M:Whenbloggingonline,IevenforgottodothetaskIwasplanningtodo!I’msickofwastingsomuchofmyprecioustime.W:So,youthinkifyoucandealwithstuffonyourwatch,youwon’thavetopickyourphoneupsomuch?M:Yes,Mary.ButIdon’tknowifit’llwork.W:IjustmainlyusemysmartwatchtocountthenumberofstepsItakeeachday!I’veneverusedittomakecallsortextsomeoneoranythinglikethat.Infact,Ihaven’tusedhalfthefunctions.M:Ha-ha!W:Butthat’sjustme.Youcanuseyoursanywayyouwant.M:OK.Whendidyougetyours?W:Mydadgaveittomeformy21stbirthdaylastyear,soI’vehaditforabout11months.M:Christmasiscomingnextmonth.MaybeI’llaskforasmartwatch,too.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhendidHopperpaintNighthawks?A.Inthe20thcentury. B.Inthe19thcentury. C.Inthe16thcentury.18.WhichoneisthesubjectofNighthawks?A.Adiner. B.Adarkstreet. C.Alonelyartist.19.WhatdopeoplethinkinspiredHoppertopaintNighthawks?A.Avisittoaforeigncity.B.Astorybyafamousauthor.C.Apaintingfromancienttimes.20.Whatdoesthespeakerwishmorepeopletodo?A.Createmoreworks.B.AppreciatetheartistHopper.C.VisittheArtInstituteofChicago.【答案】17.A18.A19.B20.B【原文】M:Whenmostpeoplethinkoffamouspaintings,theythinkoftheMonaLisabyLeonardodaVinciorTheStarryNightbyVincentvanGogh.However,myfavoritepaintingwasnotcreatedfromthe16thcenturytothe19thcentury.Itisn’teven100yearsoldyet.It’saworkcalledNighthawksbytheAmericanartist,EdwardHopper.It’shismostfamousworkofart,whichhefinishedin1942.Itshowsanold-styleAmericandineratnight.Thestreetoutsideisdark,butinsideitisbright,showingthedinerworkerservingthreecustomerswhoareuplate.Itisbeautifulandyetsadder,showinghowlonelypeoplecanbeinabigcity.Thetopicisstillasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenthepaintingwascreated.ItisbelievedthatHopperwasinspiredbyastorywrittenbyafamousAmericanauthor.IsawitwhenIvisitedtheArtInstituteofChicago.Ithinkthepaintingispriceless,andIwishmorepeopletogiveHoppertherecognitionthathedeserves.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFromfashionablecurrentaffairsreportstothedistantpast,thesepodcasts(播客)takethemysteryoutofhistory.TheRestIsHistoryTwomenquietlyfillyourbrainwithknowledgeinanentertainingway.TacklingeverythingfromthehistoryoftheWorldCuptosignificanthistoricalevents,thetwocombinetotalcommandoftheirsubjectswithmuchenjoyablesillinessandsometerribleimpressions.SlowBurnSlowBurntakesdeepdivesintomodernAmericanhistory.CreatedbySlate,episodes(集)arehostedbyvariouspresenters,andaretypicallyattractivefrombeginningtoend.Often,thesearemomentsinhistoryyou’vealreadyknownabout,butmightneverlearnedaboutinthismuchdetailbefore.Theseseriouslyin-depthexplainerswillkeepyouaddictedtoanentirelearningtrip.InOurTimeRunningweeklyfrom1998,thepopularshowhostedbyMelvynBraggismorethanjustahistoryprogram.Withover1,000episodesavailabletodownload,itcoversmanystraightforwardhistorytopics.However,InOurTimemainlyexploresthebigideasandphilosophicalconceptsthathaveshapedhumanity.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsTheexcellentbite-sizejourneythroughthehistoryoftheworldinitiallyairedin2010andprobablywasn’tcalledapodcast,butitlivesoninthatform.Narratedbyanarthistorian,itdoesexactlywhatthetitlesuggests,servingasalooselychronologicalguidetohumancivilizationthroughtheartifactswehavecreated,fromprimitivetoolstoworld-famouspiecesofart.21.HowdoesSlowBurndifferfromotherpodcasts?A.ItcoversunknownAmericanhistory.B.Itisavailablefordownload.C.Itoffersdetailsofhistoricevents.D.Itiscreatedbydifferentpresenters.22.Whichbestsuitsthosewhowanttoknowaboutthedevelopmentofhumanitybest?A.TheRestIsHistory. B.SlowBurn.C.InOurTime. D.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects.23.WhatdoweknowaboutAHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects?A.Ittellshistorywithobjects.B.Itisaninformalpodcast.C.Itfocusesonthemodernart.D.Itisstatedbyafamousartist.【答案】21.C22.C23.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹TheRestIsHistory等四款播客，涵蓋歷史各領(lǐng)域，以多樣形式帶聽眾探索歷史奧秘。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SlowBurn部分“Often,thesearemomentsinhistoryyou’vealreadyknownabout,butmightneverlearnedaboutinthismuchdetailbefore.Theseseriouslyin-depthexplainerswillkeepyouaddictedtoanentirelearningtrip.(通常，這些是你已經(jīng)知道的歷史時(shí)刻，但可能以前從未如此詳細(xì)地了解過。這些非常深入的講解會讓你沉迷于整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)之旅。)”可知，“SlowBurn”播客的不同之處在于它提供歷史事件的細(xì)節(jié)。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InOurTime部分“However,InOurTimemainlyexploresthebigideasandphilosophicalconceptsthathaveshapedhumanity.(然而，《InOurTime》主要探索塑造了人類的重大思想和哲學(xué)概念。)”可知，InOurTime最適合那些想了解人類發(fā)展的人。故選C。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects部分“Narratedbyanarthistorian,itdoesexactlywhatthetitlesuggests,servingasalooselychronologicalguidetohumancivilizationthroughtheartifactswehavecreated,fromprimitivetoolstoworld-famouspiecesofart.(由一位藝術(shù)史學(xué)家講述，它正如其標(biāo)題所示，通過我們創(chuàng)造的人工制品，從原始工具到世界著名的藝術(shù)品，作為一部大致按時(shí)間順序編排的人類文明指南。)”可知，“AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects”是通過物品講述歷史。故選A。BBeforePeteAdlerjoinedtheArmy,hemajoredinarchitecture.Now,afterspending25yearsinequipmentmaintenanceandsupply,andanother17yearsasacivilianemployee,Adlerisbacktohisarchitecturalroots.Andit’sforagoodcause:buildingfreeramps(坡道)forhissenioranddisabledneighbors.Adlerbeganhelpinghisneighborsafterthenonprofitproject:HOMESgaveapresentationathislocalRotaryClub.Adlerrecallstherepresentativesaying—“Toomanyseniorsanddisabledindividualsneedramps,buttheycan’taffordthem.”That’swhenAdlerreachedouttohisfriendssothattheycouldstartbuildingrampsforneighborsinneed.“Ifeelthisismycalling,andI’dliketostartacrew,”hetoldhisfriendKarenScott,whowaseagertojumpinandhelp.Adler’sgroupofvolunteershasonlygrownwithtime.Nowwhenhepullsuptoahouseforaninstallation,hehasaboutadozenpeoplebyhissidetotransportlumber(木材),workthesaws,andassemblethedeck.“It’sturnedintoanamazingservice,”saidAdler.“Ireallyenjoytheprocessandtheteamwork,andfiguringoutthebestsolutionforpeopleinneed.”Whenarecipient(接收者)canaffordit,theyareonlychargedwiththecostofthematerials.Iftheycan’tcoverthecost,project:HOMESstepsintopaythefullprice.Adlerandhisteamofvolunteershavetransformedlivesbybuildingover500accessibilityrampsforhouseholdsinneed.Adlerhasgonefrombuildingonerampperweekendtocompletingthree,sometimesfourrampseachweekacrosstheTri-Citiesarea.71-year-oldJaunitaBarnesisoneofthe500neighborsthatAdlerhashelpedthroughproject:HOMES.Afterastrokeandheartattack,Barnesfounditdifficulttonavigatethestairswithherwalker.Shewasconfinedtoherhomeformonths—gettinggroceriesdeliveredandcallingdoctorstoherdoor—untilAdlerandhisteamsteppedintohelp.“NowIcangowhereIneedtogo,”saidBarnes.“Adlerandtheothersaretrulynice.”24.WhydidAdlerreturntoarchitecture-relatedwork?A.Totakeonasocialresponsibility. B.Tocontinuehisabandonedbusiness.C.Toearnfamefromarchitecture. D.Tomakeupforhisneighbors.25.WhatmotivatedAdlertoinitiatetheramp-buildingproject?A.TheRotaryClub’snonprofitproject. B.Apersonalinterestinrampdesign.C.Arequestfromhisdisabledneighbors. D.Thestrugglesthedisadvantagedfaced.26.WhatdoesthegrowthofAdler’svolunteergroupsuggestabouttheproject?A.Ithasgainedrecognitionandsupport. B.ItprovesAdler’sprofithasincreased.C.Itprovidesopportunityforvolunteers. D.Itrequiresprofessionalconstructionskills.27.HowdoesBarnesprobablyfeelabouttheramps?A.Usefulandcheap. B.Helpfulandworthy.C.Uniqueandvaluable. D.Costlyandcomplicated.【答案】24.A25.D26.A27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Adler為老人和殘疾人建免費(fèi)坡道的善舉。【24題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andit’sforagoodcause:buildingfreeramps(坡道)forhissenioranddisabledneighbors.(而這一次，他是出于一個(gè)高尚的目的：為年邁和殘疾的鄰居們免費(fèi)修建坡道)”可知，他做這件事是為了承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任，幫助這些有需要的人。故選A?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Adlerrecallstherepresentativesaying—“Toomanyseniorsanddisabledindividualsneedramps,buttheycan’taffordthem.”That'swhenAdlerreachedouttohisfriendssothattheycouldstartbuildingrampsforneighborsinneed.(Adler回憶說，當(dāng)時(shí)那位代表說：“太多老年人和殘疾人需要坡道，但他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起?！本褪窃谀且豢蹋珹dler聯(lián)系了他的朋友們，希望一起為有需要的鄰居修建坡道)”可知，是弱勢群體面臨的困難，即需要坡道卻負(fù)擔(dān)不起，促使Adler發(fā)起了建坡道的項(xiàng)目。故選D?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Adler’sgroupofvolunteershasonlygrownwithtime.Nowwhenhepullsuptoahouseforaninstallation,hehasaboutadozenpeoplebyhissidetotransportlumber(木材),workthesaws,andassemblethedeck.(Adler的志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)隨著時(shí)間不斷壯大?，F(xiàn)在當(dāng)他開車來到一戶人家安裝坡道時(shí)，身邊通常已有大約十幾個(gè)人，他們負(fù)責(zé)搬運(yùn)木材、操作電鋸、組裝平臺等)”可知，Adler的志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)隨著時(shí)間不斷壯大，說明這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得到了越來越多人的認(rèn)可和支持，大家愿意加入進(jìn)來幫忙。故選A?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Afterastrokeandheartattack,Barnesfounditdifficulttonavigatethestairswithherwalker.Shewasconfinedtoherhomeformonths—gettinggroceriesdeliveredandcallingdoctorstoherdoor—untilAdlerandhisteamsteppedintohelp.(中風(fēng)和心臟病發(fā)作后，她使用助行器上下樓梯變得非常困難。幾個(gè)月來她被困在家中——靠送雜貨上門和醫(yī)生上門看病維持生活，直到Adler和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)前來幫助她)”以及最后一段““NowIcangowhereIneedtogo,”saidBarnes.“Adlerandtheothersaretrulynice.”(“現(xiàn)在我可以去我想去的地方了，”Barnes說，“Adler和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)真的是太好了?！?”可知，Barnes之前行動不便，生活受很大限制，有了坡道后她能去自己想去的地方，她覺得Adler和其他人很好，說明她認(rèn)為這些坡道很有幫助且有價(jià)值。故選B。CColumbiascientistshavefoundspecializedneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebrainsofmicethatordertheanimalstostopeating.Thoughmanyfeedingcircuits(回路)inthebrainareknowntoplayaroleinmonitoringfoodintake,theneuronsinthosecircuitsdonotmakethefinaldecisiontoceaseeatingameal.Howdoesthebrainknowwhenthebodyhashadenoughandhowdoesitactonthatinformationtostopeating?AlexanderNectow,aphysician-scientistatColumbiaUniversityVagelosCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsandhisteammember,SrikantaChowdhury,usednewsingle-celltechniquesthatmakeitpossibletopeerintoaregionofthebrainanddiscerndifferenttypesofcellsthatuntilnowhavebeendifficulttodistinguishfromoneanother.Duringtheirprofilingofabrainstem(腦干)regionknownforprocessingcomplexsignals,theresearchersspottedpreviouslyunrecognizedcellsthathadsimilarcharacteristicstootherneuronsinvolvedinregulatingappetite.Toseehowtheneuronsinfluencedeating,theresearchersengineeredtheneuronssotheycouldbeturnedonandoffbytheresearcherswithlight.Whentheneuronswereactivatedbythelight,themiceatemuchsmallermeals.Theintensityoftheactivationdeterminedhowquicklyanimalsstoppedeating.“Interestingly,theseneuronsdon’tjustsignalanimmediatestop;theyhelpthemicetoslowdowntheireatinggradually,”saidChowdhury.Theresearchersalsolookedathowothereatingcircuitsandhormonesaffectedtheneurons.TheresearchersfoundthattheneuronsweresilencedbyahormonethatincreasesappetiteandactivatedbyaGLP-1agonist,aclassofdrugsnowpopularfortreatingobesityanddiabetes.Theseexperimentsfoundthattheseinputshelpedtheneuronstrackeachbitethemicetook.“Essentially,theseneuronscansmellfood,seefood,feelfoodinthemouthandinthegut(腸道),andinterpretalltheguthormonesthatarereleasedinresponsetoeating,”saidNectow.“Andultimately,theyleverageallofthisinformationtodecidewhenenoughisenough.”28.Whatisthemainfunctionofthespecializedneuronsfoundinmice’sbrains?A.Helpingmicedigest. B.Makingmicefeelfull.C.Choosingwhatmiceeat. D.Monitoringmice’senergyintake.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern”inparagraph2mean?A.Illustrate. B.Combine. C.Recognize. D.Analyze.30.Howdidresearchersknowtheeffectofthenewneuronsoneatingbehavior?A.Byobservingthemice’seatinghabits.B.Bycomparingthemice’sweightchanges.C.Byengineeringtheneuronsinthemice’sbodies.D.Bycontrollingthelightconnectedtotheneurons.31.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewTechniquesinBrainCellResearchB.TheImpactofLightonControllingEatingC.TheRoleofHormonesinAppetiteRegulationD.BrainCellsWhichTellYouWhentoStopEating【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠大腦中可令其停止進(jìn)食的神經(jīng)元?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Columbiascientistshavefoundspecializedneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebrainsofmicethatordertheanimalstostopeating.

(哥倫比亞大學(xué)的科學(xué)家在老鼠的大腦中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一類特殊的神經(jīng)元，這些神經(jīng)元能夠命令動物停止進(jìn)食)”以及最后一段““Essentially,theseneuronscansmellfood,seefood,feelfoodinthemouthandinthegut(腸道),andinterpretalltheguthormonesthatarereleasedinresponsetoeating,”saidNectow.“Andultimately,theyleverageallofthisinformationtodecidewhenenoughisenough.”(“本質(zhì)上，這些神經(jīng)元能夠‘嗅到’食物、‘看到’食物、感受到口腔和腸道中的食物，并解讀因進(jìn)食而釋放的各種腸道激素?！眱?nèi)克托表示，“最終，它們綜合所有這些信息來決定：吃夠了?！?”可知，這些特殊神經(jīng)元的主要功能是讓小鼠感覺吃飽了從而停止進(jìn)食。故選B?！?9題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“usednewsingle-celltechniquesthatmakeitpossibletopeerintoaregionofthebrain(利用新的單細(xì)胞技術(shù)，使他們能夠深入觀察大腦某個(gè)區(qū)域)”及“differenttypesofcellsthatuntilnowhavebeendifficulttodistinguishfromoneanother(不同類型的細(xì)胞，直到現(xiàn)在，這些細(xì)胞都難以相互區(qū)分)”可知，使用新的單細(xì)胞技術(shù)能夠窺視大腦的一個(gè)區(qū)域，并且能夠識別出以前很難區(qū)分的不同類型的細(xì)胞，劃線詞與選項(xiàng)C含義相近，意為“識別”。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Toseehowtheneuronsinfluencedeating,theresearchersengineeredtheneuronssotheycouldbeturnedonandoffbytheresearcherswithlight.(為了研究這些神經(jīng)元如何影響進(jìn)食行為，研究人員對這些神經(jīng)元進(jìn)行了基因工程改造，使得研究人員可以使用光來控制它們的開關(guān)狀態(tài))”以及第四段“Whentheneuronswereactivatedbythelight,themiceatemuchsmallermeals.Theintensityoftheactivationdeterminedhowquicklyanimalsstoppedeating.(當(dāng)這些神經(jīng)元被光激活時(shí)，小鼠的每餐進(jìn)食量明顯減少。激活強(qiáng)度越大，動物停止進(jìn)食的速度就越快)”可知，研究人員通過用光來控制連接到神經(jīng)元的開關(guān)，觀察神經(jīng)元被激活時(shí)小鼠的進(jìn)食情況，從而了解新神經(jīng)元對進(jìn)食行為的影響。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“Columbiascientistshavefoundspecializedneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebrainsofmicethatordertheanimalstostopeating.

(哥倫比亞大學(xué)的科學(xué)家在老鼠的大腦中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一類特殊的神經(jīng)元，這些神經(jīng)元能夠命令動物停止進(jìn)食)”可知，文章開篇指出哥倫比亞大學(xué)的科學(xué)家在小鼠大腦中發(fā)現(xiàn)了能命令動物停止進(jìn)食的特殊神經(jīng)元，接著介紹了研究人員的研究方法和過程，以及這些神經(jīng)元如何受到其他進(jìn)食回路和激素的影響，最終如何決定何時(shí)停止進(jìn)食，所以“告訴你何時(shí)停止進(jìn)食的腦細(xì)胞”能很好地概括文章主旨。故選D。DAnewstudyhasrevealedthealarmingextentglaciershaveshrunk(縮小)overthepast40yearsinaglobalwarminghotspotforthefirsttime,andthebiggestretreat(退縮)hasoccurredinrecentyears.Theresearch,ledbytheUniversityofBristol,showsthevastmajorityofglaciersacrossSvalbardintheArctichavebeensignificantlyshrinking.Findingsrevealedanarealossofmorethan800km2attheglacierboundariesinthisNorwegiangroupofislandssince1985.Thestudyalsofoundthatmorethanhalfoftheglaciersgothroughseasonalcyclesinglaciercalving(崩解)whenlargeblocksoficebreakawayduetohigheroceanandairtemperatures.Co-authorJonathanBamber,ProfessorofGlaciologyattheUniversityofBristol,said,“Glaciercalvingisapoorlymodelledandunderstoodprocessthatplaysacrucialroleinthehealthofaglacier.Ourstudyprovidesvaluableinsightsintowhatcontrolscalvingandhowitrespondstoclimateforcinginanareaatthefrontlineofglobalwarming.”LeadauthorDrLi,SeniorResearchAssociateattheUniversity’sGlaciologyCentre,said,“Thescaleofglacierretreatsoverthepastfewdecadesisastonishing,almostcoveringtheentireSvalbard.Thishighlightstheweaknessofglacierstoclimatechange,especiallyinSvalbard,aregionexperiencingrapidwarminguptoseventimesfasterthantheglobalaverage.”UsinganovelAImodel,theresearchteamanalysedmillionsofsatelliteimagescapturingtheendpositionsofglaciersacrosstheentireSvalbard.Thefindingsprovideanunprecedentedlevelofdetailintothescaleandnatureofglacierlossinthisregion.Thebiggestpeakinglacierretreatswasdetectedin2016,whenthecalvingratesweredoubletheaveragebetween2010and2015,inresponsetoextremewarmingevents.“Thiswaslikelycausedbyalarge-scaleweatherpatterncalledatmosphericblockingthatcaninfluenceatmosphericpressures,”saidDrLi.“Withtheincreasingfrequencyofatmosphericblockingandongoingregionalwarming,futureretreatsofglaciersareexpectedtoaccelerate,resultingingreaterglaciermassloss.ThiswouldchangetheoceancirculationandmarinelifeenvironmentsintheArctic.”32.Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingparagraph1?A.Todiscusstheretreatoftheglacier. B.Topresenttheauthor’sopinion.C.Toexplaintheeffectofhotspots. D.Tointroducethestudy’smainfindings.33.Whatisscientists’currentunderstandingofglaciercalving?A.Precise. B.Extensive. C.Limited. D.Comprehensive.34.WhatdoesDrLi’sstatementimplyabouttheglaciers?A.Theywillcalveatatopspeed.B.Theymayexperiencefasterretreats.C.Theywillremainafixedrateofretreats.D.Theymaydecreasebecauseoflittlesnow.35.Whatisthetext?A.Aresearchpaperonglaciercalvingmechanics.B.AnewsreportonglacierretreatinSvalbard.C.Asummaryofaclimatechangeconference.D.Anarticleaboutthehistoryofglaciology.【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新研究揭示斯瓦爾巴群島冰川在過去40年顯著退縮，近年退縮加劇，未來或加速，影響深遠(yuǎn)?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhasrevealedthealarmingextentglaciershaveshrunk(縮小)overthepast40yearsinaglobalwarminghotspotforthefirsttime,andthebiggestretreat(退縮)hasoccurredinrecentyears.(一項(xiàng)新的研究首次揭示了在全球變暖熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，過去40年里冰川縮小的驚人程度，并且近年來出現(xiàn)了最大規(guī)模的退縮。)”可知，第一段主要介紹了這項(xiàng)研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)，即冰川在過去40年縮小的程度以及近年來退縮最為嚴(yán)重。故選D。【33題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Glaciercalvingisapoorlymodelledandunderstoodprocessthatplaysacrucialroleinthehealthofaglacier.(冰川崩解是一個(gè)模型構(gòu)建不完善且理解不足的過程，但它在冰川的健康狀況中起著關(guān)鍵作用。)”可知，科學(xué)家們目前對冰川崩解的理解是有限的。故選C。【34題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withtheincreasingfrequencyofatmosphericblockingandongoingregionalwarming,futureretreatsofglaciersareexpectedtoaccelerate,resultingingreaterglaciermassloss.(隨著大氣阻塞頻率的增加和該地區(qū)持續(xù)的變暖，預(yù)計(jì)未來冰川的退縮將會加速，導(dǎo)致更大的冰川質(zhì)量損失。)”可知，李博士的話暗示了冰川可能會經(jīng)歷更快的退縮。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)由布里斯托大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究，揭示了北極地區(qū)斯瓦爾巴群島的冰川在過去40年里的退縮情況，包括退縮的程度、冰川崩解的情況以及未來的趨勢等。所以B選項(xiàng)AnewsreportonglacierretreatinSvalbard.(一篇關(guān)于斯瓦爾巴群島冰川退縮的新聞報(bào)道)符合文章內(nèi)容。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inmodernsociety,gettingalongwithothersislikeadelicatedancethatrequiresskill,patience,andsincerity.Harmoniousrelationshipsnotonlybringinnerpeacebutalsohelpbuildasocietyfullofloveandunderstanding.So,howcanwegetalongwellwithothers?Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.____36____Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”Whenwerespectothers,wealsogaintheirrespect.____37____Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.Byunderstandingothers’positionswithanopenmindandexpressingyourneedsgently,youcanavoidunnecessaryargumentsandenhancemutualunderstanding.Toleranceisthelubricant(潤滑劑)ofharmoniousrelationships.Nobodyisperfect.Everyonehasflawsandshortcomings.Whenweencounterothers’mistakes,weshouldnotrushtoblamebutratherviewthemwithatolerantmindset.Toleranceisnotindulgence(縱容)butaformofunderstandingandacceptance.____38____Sincerityisthecoreofharmoniousrelationships.Besincerewithothers,avoidbeingfakeorpretentious,andtreateveryonewithatrueheart.____39____Onlywhenwetreatotherswithsinceritycanweachievetrueharmonyandbeauty.Gettingalongwellwithothersisanartthatrequirescontinuouslearningandpracticeinlife.Throughrespect,communication,tolerance,andsincerity,wecanbuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.____40____A.Itcanmakerelationshipsfriendlier.B.Weshouldtreatothersliketheytreatus.C.Communicationmaycausealotofproblems.D.Communicationisthebridgetoresolvingconflicts.E.Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife.F.Goodfaithcanbringpeoplecloserandbuilddeeptrustandfriendship.G.Besides,wecancreateamoreharmoniousandbeautifulworldtogether.【答案】36.E37.D38.A39.F40.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了構(gòu)建和諧人際關(guān)系的四大關(guān)鍵要素：尊重差異、有效溝通、寬容待人和真誠相待。【36題詳析】前文“Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.(尊重是和諧關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ))”總的指出尊重的重要性，后文“Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.(學(xué)會尊重他人的差異，避免因偏見或誤解而引起的沖突是關(guān)鍵)”建議尊重他人的差異，因此E項(xiàng)“Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife(每個(gè)人都有自己的個(gè)性、價(jià)值觀和生活方式)”符合語境，說明為何需要尊重他人，承前啟后。故選E?！?7題詳析】空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，后文“Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.(很多時(shí)候，誤解和沖突是由于溝通不暢而產(chǎn)生的。學(xué)會傾聽別人的想法和感受，謹(jǐn)慎地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)是很重要的)”主要指出溝通不暢導(dǎo)致的后果，并強(qiáng)調(diào)傾聽和表達(dá)的重要性，因