Units 4-6 語法定語從句講解課件

TheAttributiveClause－定語從句

Lead-in:

1.什么是定語？修飾名詞或代詞的詞叫定語2.有哪些詞可以做定語？形容詞、名詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、不定式、一個句子3.什么是定語從句？在句子中起定語的作用，修飾句子中____________的從句名詞或代詞

先行詞關系詞從句被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。引導定語從句定語從句三要素：先行詞-----關系詞-----從句修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。I'dreallyliketofindafriend

who/whom/thatIcantrustcompletely.

先行詞關系詞定語從句I'dreallyliketofindafriend

Icantrustcompletely.

定語從句三要素之間的關系：關系詞引導定語從句，代替先行詞，在從句中作成分whom/who/thatI’dreallyliketofindafriend.Icantrustthefriendcompletely.關系詞

關系代詞關系副詞thatwhowhomwhose

指人指物thatwhichaswhosewhenwherewhy主、賓、表主、賓、表賓定定（所屬）（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（地點狀語）關系代詞TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Isthisthegirl（who）youtalkedofinyourletter?

他就是你在信中談及的那個女孩子嗎？1.who

指人，在定語從句中作主語，賓語(可省略)，表語LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.

李明正是我想要見的男孩。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.

你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。2.whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷裕诳谡Z或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替。若緊跟介詞后，則用whom，不用who。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。3.whose

指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關系，在定語從句中做定語。(1)Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.(2)Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent.=Thisismyteacher_____________________isexcellent.=Thisismyteacher_____________________isexcellent.注意：whose+n.相當于of+which/whom+the+n.或the+n.+of+which/whom：ofwhomthehandwritingthehandwritingofwhom4.which指物或事，在定語從句中做主語，賓語（可省略），表語。?Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostpeople.籃球是大多數(shù)人所喜歡的運動。?Idon’tlikethebook(which)yourecommendtome.我不喜歡你推薦給我的那本書。5.that既可指人（who或whom），又可指物（which）。在從句中作主語，賓語(可省略)，表語，但that不可直接放在介詞后面。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.

他就是住在隔壁的那個人。Theperson(that/whom)youintroducedtomeisverykind.

你介紹給我的那個人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.

春天之后的季節(jié)是夏季。Thisisaplace(that/which)all

of

us

are

eager

to

visit.

這是一個我們大家都十分想?yún)⒂^的地方。注意：關系詞只能用that而不用which指物的情況。（指人時可用who/whom）1.當先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數(shù)詞修飾時。 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2.當先行詞被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修飾時。 That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.注意：關系詞只能用that而不用which指物的情況。（指人時可用who/whom）3.當先行詞是不定代詞everything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,much等，或當先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時。

All

that

can

be

done

has

beendone.注意：關系詞只能用that而不用which指物的情況。（指人時可用who/whom）4.當先行詞是who,或which引導的主句時。

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?5.當先行詞既有人又有物時。 Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.176.as在從句中作主語，賓語或表語，意為“正如，像”，限制性定語從句中，先行詞被as,so,such和thesame修飾，從句常用as引導。MyparentshavenotsomuchmoneyasIwant. (as作want的賓語)

我父母沒有我需要的那么多錢。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.(as作從句的主語)那些對世界作出巨大貢獻的人應該受到極大的尊重。186.在非限制性定語從句中，as代指整個主句，意為“正如，像”。Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.

眾所周知，他是我們班最好的學生。Asisoftenthecase,Girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.

女孩喜歡玩具娃娃而男孩喜歡槍,這是常見的情況。限制性定語從句；

非限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。先行詞：名詞、代詞或名詞詞組。譯法上：先譯從句再譯先行詞。關系詞：A．作賓語時可省略B．可用that和whyC．可用who代替whom限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如果去掉，主句仍能表達完整的意思。先行詞：名詞、名詞詞組或整個主句。譯法上：主句從句分別翻譯。關系詞：A．不可省略B．不用that和whyC．不可用who代替whom非限制性定語從句隨堂練習解題技巧：1.通過位置來判斷從句2.判斷從句缺什么成分3.看先行詞缺主賓表，找關系代詞缺狀語，找關系副詞指人指物時間地點原因1.Thegirl

isdressedinaredcoatismysister.2.Theboy

wesawyesterdayisTom.who/whom/that

who/that3.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.whose關系代詞的用法｛｝25

4.Thisisourclassroom

isbright.5.I'llrecommendsomefilms

I’dliketosee.which/that6.Irememberedthecity

Ivisitedlastyear.

which/that7.Theroom

windowfacessouthismine.whosethat8.Isthereanyonehere_______nameisTom?9.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.10.Who______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing.11.Idon’tknowtheway________________heworkedout.12.Thepersonto______youjusttalkedisMr.Li.whosethatthatthat/inwhich/xxwhom關系副詞定語從句除了由關系代詞引導外，還可由關系副詞when,where,why引導，它們在從句中作狀語。?IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.我還記得我第一次去長城的那一天。?They’llneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.他們永遠不會忘記七月一日香港回歸祖國的日子。1.關系副詞when引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示時間的名詞，如time,day,hour,year等。關系詞在從句中作時間狀語。?ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.這是我十年前工作過的工廠。?ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前居住的那所房子已經(jīng)被拆了。2.關系副詞where引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示地點或抽象地點的名詞，如place,factory,house,village等。關系詞在從句中作地點狀語。?Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.人們喜歡旅游的原因有很多。?Thereason

whyhesucceedintheexamwasthathestudiedveryhard.他考試成功的原因是他學習很努力。3.關系副詞why引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系詞在從句中作原因狀語。注意：關系副詞when,where,why可以相應地轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。?IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.?ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.?

Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.onwhichinwhichforwhich總結(jié)

關系副詞:where,when,why時間when=in/at/on/duringwhich地點where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhich“when”

means“atthattime”,

“where”

means

“atthatplace”,

“why”

isusedaftertheword

“reason”.

?指時間，地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用which或that引導定語從句；?指時間，地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，用when,where,why引導定語從句。when,where,why與that,

which辨析

a.

Thisistheplace

whereheworks.

Thisistheplace

which(that)

wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetime

when

hearrived.

Doyoustillrememberthetime

that

(which)wespenttogether?及物動詞及物動詞c.Thisisthereason

why/forwhichhewent.

Thereason

that(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.及物動詞介詞+關系代詞?介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句，位于介詞之后的關系代詞只能是which或whom，構(gòu)成介詞+which（指物）；介詞+whom（指人）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。關系代詞前介詞選擇的原則：根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞和介詞的搭配關系選擇。?Wateristhenaturalmediuminwhichfishlive.(livein)水是魚類賴以生存的自然環(huán)境。?HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.(befamiliarwith)他要我去查閱一些我不熟悉的參考書。關系代詞前介詞選擇的原則：2.根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關系選擇。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichshesaidgoodbyetome.(ontheday)我永遠不會忘記她與我們告別的那一天。關系代詞前介詞選擇的原則：3.根據(jù)句子的意思選擇。Thisisthebook

fromwhichIgotthestory.這就是那本書，從中我讀到這個故事。(句意中含有“從……”的意思，故用介詞from)用介詞+關系代詞填空。⑴Thisisthecar________whichIboughtlastyear.⑵Thisisthecar________whichIpaid100$.⑶Thisisthecar________whichIspent100$.不填foronbought(buy)為及物動詞，后面直接加賓語，無需加介詞。pay…for…意為“為…付（多少錢）”spend…on…意為“在…花費（多少錢）”用介詞+關系代詞填空。⑷Thisisthecar________whichIgotoworkeveryday.⑸Thisisthecar________whichIcan’tgotowork.⑹Thisisthecar________whichtheoldwomanwasknockeddown.inwithoutbyinthecar強調(diào)狀態(tài)，“在車里”。withoutthecar與can’tgotowork相對應。wasknockeddownbythecar表示“被車撞倒”。by強調(diào)動作發(fā)出者。用介詞+關系代詞填空。⑺Thisisthecar________whichaboythrewastone.⑻Thisisthecar________whichwetalked.⑼Thisisthecar_______whichthewindowwasbroken.ataboutofthrowsth.atsth.表示“把某物砸某物”。talkabout…表示“談論…”。thewindowofthecar表示“車的窗戶”。1.Theperson_________________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto______youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames__________hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin______hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichCompletethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclauses.5.October1,1949istheday___________wewillneverforget.6.Isthistheshop___________sellschildren’sclothing?7.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.8.Thepen__________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.with

whichthat/whichwhich/thatwhose9.Heistheman_________youcanturnforhelp.10.Thisisthetreeunder______weusedtoplaygames.11.Thefarm_________weworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatisusedtobe.12.Abiologistisaman_________hasagreatknowledgeofbiology.towhomwhichonwhichwho

/that13.Thepoorboy__________lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.14.Thisisthefactory_______________heworkedtenyearsago.15.Thisisthefactory___________makestoys.16.Heist