2024-2025學(xué)年江蘇省常州市天寧區(qū)高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬預(yù)測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1江蘇省常州市天寧區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬預(yù)測英語試題第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whydoesthewomanfeelexcited?A.Shemetanoldfriend. B.Shegotadesiredbook. C.Shefoundabookstore.【答案】A【原文】M:Alice,youlooksoexcited!Haveyoufoundthebookwe’vebeenlookingfor?W:Notyet.ButwhenIwenttothebookstore,IcameacrossafriendwhomIhadn’tseenforages.2.Whatistheman’slearningmethod?A.Repetition. B.Inquiry. C.Mind-map.【答案】C【原文】W:HeyShawn,didyoutakenotesinthemathclass?Icouldn’ttotallyunderstandwhatMr.Bernetsaid.M:Yeah,I’vemadeamindmaptohelpwithmentalmodeling.Itreallyworks.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Payingabill. B.Gettingsomechange. C.Doingmathexercises.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme.Doyouhavechangeforaten?W:Doyouwantonesortwofives?M:Twofives,please.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Barberandcustomer.【答案】C【原文】W:Ihatethistimeofyear!Myhairgetssodamagedfromtheweather.Itlookstoodry.M:Don’tworry.You’lllookamazingwhenI’mdone!W:Okay.Youcancutafewinchesoff.Oh,don’tforgettouseahairmask!5.Howmuchwillthespeakerspay?A.$36. B.$40. C.$44.【答案】A【原文】W:HeyMike,howmuchisthebill?M:Thetwochickensandwichescost30dollars.AndthetwoCokescost10dollars.ButIhavea10%discountcard.W:OK!第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Outsidearestaurant. B.Inashop. C.Atabusstation.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Waitinline. B.Wanderaround. C.Tryanotherone.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Wow,look!Somanypeoplearewaitinginline.ThisplaceisalwayspackedonFridays.W:Idon’twanttostandhereforanhour.Let’sgosomewhereelse.M:It’sFridaynight.Everywherehasaline.Let’sjusteathere.Wecanuseawaitlistapp.W:Awaitlistapp?Howdoesthatwork?M:Youjustchoosetherestaurant,andtheappwillputyouonthewaitlistandgiveyouanumber.W:That’seasy.Doesitsayhowmanygroupsareaheadofus?M:Yeah,10groups.So,it’sa45-minutewaitforourtable,butwedon’thavetostickaroundhere.W:Great.Whatarewewaitingfor?Let’sdosomewindowshoppingtokilltime.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whydoesthewomanpraisethenewpicnicbasket?A.Foritslargevolume.B.Foritsheatpreservation.C.Foritsamazingappearance.9.Whichthingsdidthewomanpack?A.Cheese. B.Cherries. C.Sandwiches.10.Whydidthewomanaskforthephone?A.Toorderfruits. B.Toidentifyflowers. C.Totakephotos.【答案】8.B9.C10.C【原文】W:Whatabeautifuldayforapicnicatthepark!M:Yousaidit!Let’ssetupunderthatbigtree.Thatwillgiveuslotsofshade.W:Goodidea.Canyouhelpmeputtheblanketdownonthegrass?M:Sure!Howwasthenewpicnicbasket?W:Thisthingisgreat!Itkeepsallthefoodattherighttemperature.M:Itisamazing!Whatdidyoupack?W:We’vegotfingersandwiches,sushi,andsalad.Wealsohaveapples.M:Great!Whatdowehavetodrink?W:Ibroughtabottleofyourfavoritewine.M:Nice!W:Oh,lookatthecherryblossoms!Quick,handmemyphone.Let’stakeaselfie!Say,“cheese!”聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whatistheman?A.Asafeguard. B.Asalesmanager. C.Acustomsofficer.12.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Shelostherpassport. B.Shewasagainsttherules. C.Shefailedtopayafine.13.What’stheman’sadvice?A.Plantingsunflowers. B.Studyingtheform. C.Buyingsomemedicine.【答案】11.C12.B13.B【詳析】M:Ma’am,pleasestandoverhere.“Weneedtodoacustomscheck.”W:Ofcourse,officer.Doyouneedtoseemypassport?M:Yes.Also,pleasehandmeyourbag.Ineedtotakealookinside.W:OK.Hereyougo.M:So,youhavesunflowerseedsandherbalmedicine.Youdidn’tdeclarethemontheform.W:Oh,I’msosorry.Ididn’tknowthatIhadtodeclarethem.M:Youneedto.I’mafraidyoucan’tbringthemintothecountry.W:Ohno!DoIneedtopayafine?M:No.Iwon’tgiveyouafinethistime.Butmakesureyouexaminetheformmorecarefullynexttime.W:Yes,I’lldothat.Thankyou!M:Actually,youcangetallkindsofsunflowerseedsinChinesesupermarketshere.Ilovethem.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Howdoesthewomanfeelafterusingnewcleaners?A.Sick. B.Angry. C.Anxious.15.Whatdoweknowabouteco-friendlycleaners?A.Theyareconvenient. B.Theyaresafe. C.Theyarecheap.16.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardseco-friendlycompanies?A.Concerned. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable.17.Howwillthewomanrecognizechemical-freeproducts?A.Byreadinglabels.B.Byresearchingmarketing.C.Bywatchingadvertisements.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.A【原文】W:Achoo!Oh,IfeeluncomfortablesinceIboughtnewkitchenandbathroomcleaners.Ithinktheydon’tagreewithme.M:Theyprobablyhavesomeharmfulchemicalsinthem.Thesechemicalsmaydoharmtoyourhealth.Youshouldtryeco-friendlyproducts.W:Aren’tthosereallyexpensive?M:Theycostabitmore,butthey’remuchsafer,sotheywon’tirritateyoureyes,skin,orlungs.Theywon’tcauseotherseriousproblemseither.W:Ididn’tknowcleaningproductscausedsomanyproblems.Aren’teco-friendlycompaniesenvironmentallyresponsible,too?M:Yes,theirproductsaremoresustainable,sothere’slesswasteandpollution.W:Ishouldreallymaketheswitch.I’mmoreconcernedwithreducingmyimpactontheenvironmentthanwithsavingmoney.M:Payattentiontothecomponentswhilepurchasingthem.W:I’dbetterstartreadingthelabels.M:Absolutely.Youshouldalwaysknowexactlywhatyou’rebuying.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.WhatinfluencedKing’swriting?A.Hisfriend’saccident. B.Thepublishinghouse. C.Advicefromhisparents.19.WhatcanweknowaboutKing?A.HebecamepopularwhenCarriewaspublished.B.HemovedtoMainewhenhewasyoung.C.Hehaswrittenhundredsofshortstories.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.HowKingbecamesuccessful.B.WhenKingpublishedhisfirstbook.C.WhatawardsKingreceived.【答案】18.A19.C20.A【原文】M:StephenKingisoneofthemostsuccessfulwritersintheworld.ManyofhisstoriesaresetinhishomestateofMaine,theUSA.Whenhewasyoung,hesawoneofhisfriendsbeingstruckandkilledbyatrain.That’swhyheoftenwritesaboutdeath.Whenhisfirstbook,Carrie,waspublished,nooneknewStephenKing,sohisnamemeantnothing.Threeyearslater,Carriewasmadeintoamovie,whichturnedouttobeahugesuccess.Sincethatfirstsuccess,manyofKing’sbookshavebeenmadeintomovies.Kingusuallywritesaboutordinarypeopleinordinaryplaces.Perhapsthisisthereasonforhissuccesshisreadersthinkwhathappenstothepeopleinhisbookscouldhappentothem.Sofar,hehaspublished58novels,includingsevenunderthepennameRichardBachman,andsixnon-fictionbooks.Hehasalsowrittenabout200shortstories.Hehasreceivedmanyawardsforhiscontributionstoliterature.Kingoncesaid:“Ireadandwriteforabouteighthoursaday,whichmakesmeawritertoday!”第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.21.Whatdoesthecampoffer?A.Samplegatheringpractice.B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C.Researchlabmembership.D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.22.Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A.$400. B.$765.C.$1,125. D.$1,250.23.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了鮑林格林州立大學(xué)的夏令營，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?(營員們可以參加哪些活動？)”部分中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures(實(shí)踐標(biāo)本收集程序)”可知，該夏令營提供標(biāo)本收集練習(xí)，故選A?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatdoesthecostcover?(費(fèi)用包括什么？)”部分中“Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.(非住宿項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為850美元，住宿項(xiàng)目的額外費(fèi)用為400美元。項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用包括食宿費(fèi)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和活動的所有材料以及實(shí)地考察的交通費(fèi)。提前加入可享受九折優(yōu)惠)”可知，住宿項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用為850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折優(yōu)惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故選C。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ApplicationRequirements(申請要求)”部分中“Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.(注：由申請人以外的人提供的問題的答案將取消申請資格)”可知，提供別人給出的答案會導(dǎo)致申請人被取消資格，故選B。BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.24.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A.Byholdinganin-persontalk. B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.C.Bysendingaletterbackhome. D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.25.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A.Theunrealisticfantasies. B.Thefictionaltechnologies.C.Thelatestresearchfindings. D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.26.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking.C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了科幻小說之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。【24題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hedescribedthe‘phonotelephone’whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent(他描述了可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的‘電話機(jī)’。主人公FritzNapoleonSmith能夠通過這種技術(shù)輕松地與他在另一個(gè)大陸的妻子交流)”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.(Smith先生能夠清楚地看到他的妻子，盡管他和她相隔很遠(yuǎn)……Smimth夫人立即出現(xiàn)在長焦屏幕上，臉上帶著微笑，眼里含著淚水)”可知，Smith和妻子交流時(shí)使用可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的“電話機(jī)”，妻子的臉會出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，所以Smith是通過即時(shí)視頻聊天和妻子聯(lián)系，故選D。【25題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe‘hardsciencefiction’ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.(與同時(shí)代的其他作家寫更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未來愿景中追求現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，總是基于前沿科學(xué)和他自己的廣泛研究。這為20世紀(jì)及以后的‘硬科幻小說’奠定了基礎(chǔ))”可知，“硬科幻小說”以最新的研究結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，故選C?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.(他的許多故事都描寫了一位才華橫溢但瘋狂的科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)明最終帶來的壞處大于好處。在《海底兩萬里》中，尼莫船長使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只。Verne認(rèn)為，人類的本性決定了技術(shù)是善的力量還是毀滅的源泉)”可知，Verne描寫尼莫船長使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只，這是描寫科技帶來的壞處，推知他意識到了科技的危險(xiǎn)，故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting(他還在他的作品中預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù))”和第四段中“Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.(Verne以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的冒險(xiǎn)故事代表了一種通過小說想象未來的新方法)”可知，Verne的作品預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)，以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)想象未來世界，故他具有前瞻性思維，故選D。CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.29.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.PutgreateffortintoasubjectC.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.31.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家的研究，通過具體研究案例，來說明智力謙遜如何幫助人們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二至第四句“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)過度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人們認(rèn)為某件事情正確時(shí)，這種過度自信可能會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的決策。1986年，NASA認(rèn)為每次太空飛行發(fā)生損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大約是1/100,000。這種過度自信的信念可能引發(fā)了“挑戰(zhàn)者號”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過度自信可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果，之后提及1986年這起災(zāi)難。由此推知，提及“挑戰(zhàn)者號”爆炸是說明過度自信會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難的一個(gè)例子。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力謙遜的學(xué)生更有可能去檢驗(yàn)自己是否真正理解了學(xué)習(xí)材料，并尋找自己理解上的漏洞。當(dāng)他們看到考試成績時(shí)，他們會調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略，以提高學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)，并掌握好材料為下一次考試做準(zhǔn)備)”可知，智力謙遜這種特質(zhì)會使學(xué)生及時(shí)反思自己的學(xué)習(xí)，相應(yīng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.(這些學(xué)生以為自己對某個(gè)科目gotdownpat，但在考試中被要求解釋時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的理解并沒有自己想象的那么多)”可知，學(xué)生們在考試之前應(yīng)是對自己比較自信，認(rèn)為自己對該相關(guān)知識十分了解，或已經(jīng)全會了，但到考場答題時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會的不如原本所認(rèn)為的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat應(yīng)是“對某科目了解很多”或“對某科目完全掌握”之意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.(好消息是，過度自信有一種“疫苗”，科學(xué)家稱之為“智力謙遜”——即認(rèn)識到你的信念可能是錯(cuò)誤的)”及全文最后一句“Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”(如果你覺得很難質(zhì)疑一種信念，可以嘗試邁出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所說的“questionabelief”即前文所說的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引號中所言的“智力謙遜”。全文最后一句又說，“可以嘗試邁出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所謂的“一小步”究竟該怎么做，會在下文進(jìn)行介紹，即如何練習(xí)做到“智力謙虛”。故選D項(xiàng)。DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.32.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor33.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-e-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b.C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.34.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來自一種魚類，無需觸摸即可感知物體的位置?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個(gè)新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(人工傳感器是多層的。一層充當(dāng)發(fā)射器，一旦激活就會產(chǎn)生電場，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測物體的方向和距離。一個(gè)單獨(dú)的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動信號來激活發(fā)射器。當(dāng)物體進(jìn)入范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，傳感器周圍的電場會被擾亂，這反過來又可以被接收器檢測到。然后，微控制器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備)”可知，工作過程是控制器發(fā)送激活信號，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場，電場被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測電信號的變化，一個(gè)微控制器單元計(jì)算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.(與需要大量傳感器來實(shí)現(xiàn)空間定位的傳統(tǒng)傳感器系統(tǒng)相比，新系統(tǒng)可以使用幾個(gè)傳感器在3D空間中精確定位物體。這大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗)”可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗，由此可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，文章主要介紹了受生物啟發(fā)開發(fā)的一種新型傳感器，該傳感器能夠通過電場感知物體而無需接觸，具備靈活、高效的特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)“Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouching(受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器“無需接觸即可感知”)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.____36____Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安裝)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.____37____It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.____38____Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.____39____Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasti