Unit 9 第3課時(shí) Section A Grammar Focus-4c【知識(shí)精研】八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)（人教版）

第3課時(shí)SectionAGrammarFocus-4c初中英語(yǔ)/人教版/八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?

01Review05Summary03Presentation02Grammar06Homework04Exercises01020304語(yǔ)言能力思維品質(zhì)文化意識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)能力學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握下列詞匯：acoupleof,German,theme,ride,province

通過(guò)觀察、討論、歸納等課堂活動(dòng)，探究現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的用法，提高思維的邏輯性和創(chuàng)新性，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。通過(guò)談?wù)撨^(guò)去經(jīng)歷的過(guò)程中，能夠了解各類(lèi)博物館、主題公園等地方,互相交流曾經(jīng)去過(guò)的地方，増長(zhǎng)知識(shí)，開(kāi)闊視野，立志努力學(xué)習(xí)，體會(huì)旅游的樂(lè)趣。通過(guò)閱讀翻譯Grammarfocus中的句子，翻譯填空，能夠說(shuō)出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法；能夠說(shuō)出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞ever,never的用法，能給區(qū)別me,too和meneither的用法。ReviewPart01--Haveyoueverbeento_______________.-Me,too.aspacemuseum--Yes,Ihave.--Haveyoueverbeento_________________.anamusementpark-Meneither.--No,Ihaven’t.--____________________________________?Haveyoueverbeentoahistorymuseum--_____,Ihave.Yes-Me,too.=SohaveI.--_________everbeento_____________?Haveyouanartmuseum--No,I_________.haven’t-Meneither.=NeitherhaveI.--______________________________?Haveyoueverbeentoawaterpark--Yes,_________.Ihave=Me,too.-SohaveI.A:Haveyoueverbeento…?B:Yes,Ihave.

\No,Ihaven’t.\No,never.Howaboutyou?

A:Me,too.\SohaveI.

\Meneither.\NeitherhaveI.filmmuseumspacemuseumtheGreatWallHainanzooShanghaiInterview:(采訪你的同桌)Haveyoueverbeento…?Yes,Ihave./Ihaveeverbeento…No,Ihaven’t./Ihaveneverbeento…Namezoo

park

supermarketaquariummuseumIMydeskmateReport:Ihaveeverbeento***,butIhaveneverbeento***.Myfriendhaseverbeento***,buthe/shehasneverbeento***.Grammar

Part02Haveyoueverbeentosciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’veneverbeentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouevervisitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.Me,neither.GrammarFocusReadthesentencesandtranslatethem.1.你曾去過(guò)科學(xué)博物館嗎？____you_________tosciencemuseum?2.是的，我曾去過(guò)科學(xué)博物館。\不，我曾沒(méi)去過(guò)科學(xué)博物館。Yes,I’ve_______asciencemuseum./No,I’ve___________asciencemuseum.3.你曾經(jīng)參觀過(guò)太空博物館嗎？Haveyou_________thespacemuseum?4.是的，我參觀過(guò)太空博物館。我去年去過(guò)那里\不，我沒(méi)去過(guò)。Yes,Ihave.I__________lastyear./No,Ihaven’t.5.我已經(jīng)去過(guò)美術(shù)館許多次了。6.我也是。我還參觀過(guò)自然博物館。I’ve________theartmuseummanytimes.Me,_____.AndI’vealso______thenaturemuseum.7.我曾沒(méi)去過(guò)水上樂(lè)園。I’ve______________awaterpark.8.我也沒(méi)去過(guò)。Me,_______.HaveeverbeenbeentoneverbeentoevervisitedwenttherebeentotoovisitedneverbeentoneitherGrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyoueverbeentosciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’veneverbeentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouevervisitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.Me,neither.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。(前情回顧—復(fù)習(xí))1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)

助動(dòng)詞

have/has+V過(guò)去分詞Hehastraveledonatrain.他坐過(guò)火車(chē)。Theyhavejustfinishedtheirhomework.他們剛完成作業(yè)。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（1）：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作（短暫性動(dòng)詞）對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的影響或者結(jié)果。Ihaveopenedthedoor.我打開(kāi)了門(mén)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)包含兩層意思，一是動(dòng)作是過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的；二是現(xiàn)在含存在過(guò)去動(dòng)作的影響或結(jié)果。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)即聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在又說(shuō)明過(guò)去。這句話包含兩層意思，一是門(mén)是過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候打開(kāi)的，二是門(mén)現(xiàn)在還是開(kāi)著的。開(kāi)門(mén)動(dòng)作的影響和結(jié)果還存在。圖示法表示pastIhadbreakfast.I'mnothungrynow.presentIhave

already

hadbreakfast.（早餐過(guò)去吃的，現(xiàn)在不餓。）pastTomfinishedreadingthebook.Nowheknowsth.aboutthebook.presentTomhas

alreadyfinishedreadingthebook.(Tom已經(jīng)讀完了這本書(shū)。)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（2）：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這個(gè)用法，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句”連用，這時(shí)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)用法到Unit10再具體學(xué)習(xí)。pastImovedherein1990.Istilllivehere.presentIhave

livedherefor30years.(30年來(lái)一直生活在這里）圖示法表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(標(biāo)志詞)already和yet都可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞,但它們的用法不同。already一般用于_____句中.意為“______”,通常放在________和_________之間。yet一般用于______句中,意為“______”;也可以用于______句中,意為“_______”肯定已經(jīng)have\has過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)已經(jīng)否定還(沒(méi))Haveyoureadmanybooksyet?Yes,I’ve

already

readmanybooks.No,notyet.Ihavefinishedmyhomework

already.GrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyouever

beentosciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’ve

never

beentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouever

visitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’ve

never

beentoawaterpark.Me,neither.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和ever,never連用，表達(dá)經(jīng)歷。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用havebeento（去過(guò)），ever

（曾經(jīng)），never（從未）等表示經(jīng)歷。-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？-No,IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.不，我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。ever作副詞，意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句和肯定句中，置于主語(yǔ)之后，過(guò)去分詞之前你曾參觀過(guò)故宮博物館嗎?Haveyou____________thePalaceMuseum?evervisited你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)《美國(guó)達(dá)人秀》這個(gè)節(jié)目嗎？HaveyoueverseentheshowAmerica’sGotTalent?never作副詞，意為“從不；從未”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，表示否定，位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過(guò)去分詞之前。她從未去過(guò)三亞。ShehasneverbeentoSanya.例:I________________toHongKong.我從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)香港。haveneverbeen注意:有ever,never此類(lèi)副詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?-No,IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.不,我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。just（剛剛），before（以前；之前），sofar（到目前為止）也可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，談?wù)搫倓偘l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞還有：Haveyouhelpedothersbefore？你以前幫助過(guò)別人嗎？Ihavejust

helpedalittlekid.我剛剛幫助了一個(gè)小孩。Ihave

never

helpedothersbefore.我之前從未幫助過(guò)別人。注意區(qū)別

just和

justnow，兩者都表示“剛剛”時(shí)，just用于完成時(shí).justnow

用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)GrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyoueverbeentosciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’veneverbeentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouevervisitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.Me,neither.havebeento,havegongto和hasbeenin用法區(qū)別。have/hasbeento意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，表示去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。通常與表示次數(shù)的詞（組）連用，如twice，severaltimes等。MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingtwice．我父親去過(guò)北京兩次。IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall．

我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。have/hasgoneto意為“去了某地”，表示到某地去了，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話時(shí)去某地的人不在場(chǎng)（可能在途中，也可能已到達(dá)某地）。have/hasbeenin\at…表示“在某地待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。他的叔叔在倫敦已經(jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期了。

HisunclehasbeeninLondonfortwoweeks.She__________Europetwice.

He__________England.

（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）（現(xiàn)在不在這里）hasbeentohasgoneto注意：若have/hasbeento或have/hasgoneto后接副詞，則省略to。Hehasbeenabroadmanytimes.他多次出國(guó)。Hehasgonehome.他回家去了。Fillintheblanks.1.Mymother__________Beijingtwice.我的媽媽去過(guò)北京兩次了。2.—IsthatTomoverthere?那邊是湯姆嗎？—Itcan’tbehim.He__________Chengdu.不可能是他，他去成都了。hasbeentohasgoneto3.我去過(guò)海南島兩次。I_______________HainanIslandtwice.4.湯姆不在家，他去了上海。Tom

isn’t

at

home.

He

____

____

____

Shanghai.5.他來(lái)上海兩周了。He_______________fortwoweekks.6.我在公交車(chē)站半小時(shí)了。I_______________thebussationforhalfanhour.havebeentohasgonetohasbeeninhasbeenatGrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyoueverbeentosciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’veneverbeentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouevervisitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.Me,neither.Me,too.和Meneither.的

用法區(qū)別。(1)Me,too翻譯為“我也一樣”,表示后者與前者情形相同,so+助動(dòng)詞\系動(dòng)詞be\情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),此處也可以說(shuō)__________.SohaveI我也一樣/如此我也沒(méi)有(2)Meneither翻譯為“我也沒(méi)…”后者與前者情形相同“也不……”neither+助動(dòng)詞\系動(dòng)詞be\情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),此處也可以說(shuō)____________.NeitherhaveI1．—Iwon’tgototheparktomorrow.Whataboutyou?—_________.A．SodoI B．NeitherwillI C．NeitherdidI D．SodidI2．—Tomdancessowell.—________.A．Sodoeshe B．Neitherdoeshe C．Sohedoes√√現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別一比較:1.A:Whatdidyoudolastweekend?

B:Isawanewmovie.

2.A:Wouldyouliketoseethemoviewithme?

B:Thanksforyourinviting,butIhaveseenitalready.總結(jié)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.用法不同(只談?wù)撋现苣┳龅氖虑?，不涉及現(xiàn)在)(影響：因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)看過(guò)了，所以現(xiàn)在不去看了)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(不涉及現(xiàn)在)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果(與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系)比較:1.

Tom___________(sweep)theflooryesterday.

2.

Myfamily

___________(go)toBeijinglastyear.

3.

I___________(can)rideabikewhenIwas

6yearsold.

4.I________________(notfinish)myhomework

yet.

5.

He___________(work)inthecity

foreightyears.

6.判斷正誤:I

havevisitedmygrandparentsyesterday.

Hehasfinishedhisworktwodaysago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別二(注:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的不能與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)sweptwentcouldhaven’tfinishedhasworked總結(jié)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同already,yet,just,ever,

never,so

far,次數(shù),for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)\從句...yesterday,lastweek,...ago,in1995，inthepast,

justnow,when...PresentationPart034aPutthecorrectformsoftheverbsintheblanks.1.A:Doyouwant________(come)tothespacemuseum?B:No,I'vealready______(be)therethreetimes.2.A:Haveyou_____(see)therobotsatthesciencemuseum?B:Yes,I_____(go)therelastweekend.3.A:Let’s_______(spend)thedayatthezoo.B:Well,I’vealready______(be)thereacoupleoftimes,butI’mhappy_______(go)again.4.A:Howabout______(go)totheartmuseum?TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.B:Sure.Whendoyouwant_____(go)?5.A:Haveyouever_______(visit)thehistorymuseum?B:No,I’venever______(be)there.tocomebeenseenwentspendbeentogogoingtogovisitedbeenbehappytodosth高興做某事How/whataboutdoingsth？...怎么樣？Languagepointsacoupleof兩個(gè)；一對(duì)；幾個(gè)1.Well,I'vealreadybeenthereacoupleof

times,butI’mhappytogoagain.acoupleof后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。acoupleof...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thereareacoupleofshoesinmybedroom,buttheyarenotapair.Acoupleofmonkeysareplayinginthetree.Germanadj.德國(guó)的；德語(yǔ)的；德國(guó)人的n.

德語(yǔ)；德國(guó)人2.TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.①German在此處作形容詞，意為“德國(guó)的”。Germancarsaredifferentfromours.②German作形容詞，還可以為“德語(yǔ)的；德國(guó)人的”。IfindGermangrammarisverydifficult.③German還可作名詞。作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“德語(yǔ)”；作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“德國(guó)人”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。IknowalittleGerman.ThereareafewGermansinourschool.【拓展延伸】Germany作名詞，意為“德國(guó)”。MybestfriendcomesfromGermany.區(qū)分：Englishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmenGerman→GermansChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Mostofus____________(see)MickeyMouse,DonaldDuckandotherfamousDisneycharactersincartoonsbefore.Buthaveyouever______(be)toDisneyland?Disneyland______(be)anamusementparkwithaspecialtheme—Disneycharactersandmovies.There_____(be)manyexcitingrides,lovelyrestaurantsandfantasticgiftshopsthere.Youcanalso_____(see)theDisneycharacterswalkingaroundthepark.Andhaveyouever_______(hear)ofaDisneyCruise?This______(be)aboatridewithaDisneytheme.Youcan______(take)arideontheboatforseveraldaysandeatandsleeponit.Ontheboat,youcan______(shop)andhaveDisneypartiesbeforeyou________(arrive)attheDisneyisland.haveseenbeenisseeheardshoparrive翻譯為“具有”，介詞，有特別主題的游樂(lè)園ride,n.供乘騎的游樂(lè)設(shè)施Walkaround走來(lái)走去，來(lái)回走動(dòng)seesbdoingsth.看見(jiàn)正在來(lái)回走動(dòng)的迪士尼人物hear(heard)of聽(tīng)說(shuō)ride,n.短途旅程，此處表示乘船旅行areistake4cAnswerthesurveyquestionsandthenaskyourpartner.Haveyouever...YouYourpartnerbeentoanotherprovinceinChina?lostsomethingimportant?Exercises

Part04一、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,用have/hasbeen(to)或have/hasgone(to)填空。1.He_______________manycit