考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷641

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷641

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Thatsomepeoplemakeweirdassociationsbetweenthesenseshasbeenacknowledged

foroveracentury.Theconditionhasevenbeengivenaname:synaesthesia.Oddasit

mayseemtothosenotsogifted,synaesthetesinsistthatspokensoundsandthesymbols

whichrepresentthemgiverisetospecificcoloursorthatindividualmusicalnoteshave

theirownhues.Yettheremaybealittleofthiscross-

modalassociationineveryone.Mostpeopleagreethatloudsoundsarebrighterthansoft

ones.Likewise,low-pitchedsoundsarereminiscentoflargeobjectsandhigh-pitched

onesevokesmallness.Anne-SylvieCrisinelandCharlesSpenceofOxfordUniversity

thinksomethingsimilaristruebetweensoundandsmell.Ms.CrisinelandDr.Spence

wantedtoknowwhetheranodoursniffedfromabottlecouldbelinkedtoaspecific

pitch.Tofindout,theyasked30peopletoinhale20smells.Aftergivingeachsamplea

goodsniff,volunteershadtoclicktheirwaythrough52soundsofvaryingpitches,and

identifywhichbestmatchedthesmell.Theresultsofthisstudyareintriguing.The

researchers'firstfindingwasthatthevolunteersdidnotthinktheirrequestutterly

ridiculous.Itrathermadesense,theytoldthemafterwards.Thesecondwasthattherewas

significantagreementbetweenvolunteers.Sweetandsoursmellswereratedashigher-

pitched,smokyandwoodyonesaslower-pitched.Itisnotimmediatelyclearwhypeople

employtheirmusicalsensesinthiswaytohelptheirassessmentofasmell.Butgoneare

thedayswhenscienceassumedeachsenseworkedinisolation.Peoplelive,sayDr.

SpenceandMs.Crisinel,inamultisensoryworldandtheirbrainstirelesslycombine

informationfromallsourcestomakesense,asitwere,ofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.

Taste,too,seemslinkedtohearing.Ms.CrisinelandDr.Spencehavepreviously

establishedthatsweetandsourtastes,likesmells,arelinkedtohighpitch,whilebitter

tastesbringlowerpitchestomind.Nowtheyhavegonefurther.Inastudythatwillbe

publishedlaterthisyeartheyandtheircolleaguesshowhowalteringthepitchand

instrumentsusedinbackgroundmusiccanalterthewayfoodtastes.Volunteersratedthe

toffeeeatenduringlow-pitchedmusicasmorebitterthanthatconsumedduringthehigh-

pitchedperformance.Thetoffeewas,ofcourse,identical.Itwasthesoundthattasted

different.

1、"Synaesthesia"(Para.I)probablyhasthesamemeaningto.

A、weirdassociation

B、cross-modalassociation

C、similarassociation

D^commonassociation

標準答案：B

知識點解析：含義題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段。根據(jù)語境，本段第二句The

conditionhasevenbeengivenaname：synaesthesia中的Thecondition指的是第——句

Wassociationsbetweenthesenses<,第三句則講了synaesthetes的觀點，即聽到說話

的聲音時，他們腦子里出現(xiàn)的是特殊的顏色，還會說每個音符都有自己的色彩。第

二段開頭提至Yettheremaybealittleofthiscross-modalassociationineveryone,把

他們的觀點理解成是cross-modalassociation,故synaesthesia的意思就是cross-

modalassociation(通感)，因此B項為正確答案。

2、AllofthefollowingassociationscanbecalledsynaesthesiaEXCEPT.

A^soundandcolor

B、soundandbrightness

C^soundandsymbol

D、soundandsmell

標準答案：C

知識點露析：推斷題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到前兩段。C項“聲音和象征”并沒有在

原文中提及，且“象征”與感官無關(guān)，因此C項soundandsymbol不是通感，為正確

答案。

3、Itcanbeinferredfromtheresearchers'firstfindingthat.

A、theexperimentdidnotmakesense

B、volunteers5feelingsvariedfromonetoanother

C>researchersfoundoutwhymusicalsensesmayassesssmell

D、humanbrainscombinemultisensoryinformationtomakesense

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。第五段提到inamultisensoryworldandtheirbrainstirelessly

combineinformationfromallsourcestomakesense,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)D項是原文的同義表

述，為正確答案。

4^Theexperimentoftoffeeaimsto.

A^revealthattasteislinkedtosound

B>exploretoffee^tasteinbackgroundmusic

C>showhowsoundaltersthewayfoodtastes

D^findoutifsoundhasdifferenttastes

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段。本段第一句指出Tasle,

too,seemslinkedtohearing（味覺似乎也與聽覺有關(guān)聯(lián)），接著提到了一項關(guān)于太妃

糖的實驗，最后指出Itwasthesoundthattasteddifferent聲音才是嘗起來味道不一

樣的東西），可見實驗證明了味覺與聽覺是有聯(lián)系的，因此，A項是實驗的根本目

的。

5、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A^Low-pitchedsoundsevokesmallness.

B、Sweetandsoursmellsevokelowpitch.

C、Sweetandsourtastesevokelowpitch.

D、Toffeetastessweeterinhigh-pitchedmusic.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。由第六段Volunteersratedthetoffeeeatenduringlow-pitched

musicasmorebitterthanthatconsumedduringthehigh-pitchedperformance可知D項

“在音調(diào)高的音樂中吃太妃糖更甜''是原文的同義再現(xiàn)，為正確答案。

Immigrantsaren'tseekingU.S.citizenshipasoftenthesedays——notsincetheAmerican

dreambecamemoreexpensive.Followinga69percent

increaselastsummerincitizenshipfees,about281,000immigrantshaveappliedto

becomeU.S.citizensinthefirsthalfof2008—lessthanhalfthenumberofapplicantsin

thesameperiodlastyear,accordingtotheU.S.CitizenshipandImmigrationServices.

Thedeclinefollowsarushofapplicationswhenimmigrantshurriedtogetiheir

paperworkfiledbeforefeesshotupattheendofJuly2007.Inthatmonthalone,more

than460,000immigrantsappliedforcitizenship.Theypaid$400.Thenewfeeis

$675—apricesomepeoplebelieveisabarriertocitizenship.ThuTran,directorofa

citizenshipprogramatCatholicCharitiesofOrangeCounty,saidshehelpedmorethan

100peopleamonthfilloutcitizenshippapersinthelastfewyears.Thisyearshehelps

about50amonth."Ihavepeoplewhomakeappointmentsandcancel,"Transaid."We

followupandtheysaytheydon'thavethemoneytopayforthat."Whileimmigrant

advocatesblamehigherfeesandawobblyeconomy,afederalofficialsaidavarietyof

reasonscouldhavecausedthedecline."Foreveryone,it'sdifferent,"said

知識點解析：推理題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thenewcilizenlest可以迅速定位至最后一

段。因為美國公民考試即將修訂，赫爾邁厄尼-凱德蘭擔心申請人數(shù)會進一步下

降，由此可知B項為正確答案。

9、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A、OnlyonemembercanapplyfortheU.S.citizenshipinonefamily.

B、Ifyoupayenoughfee,youcanbecomeaU.S.citizen.

C、TherevisionstotheU.S.citizentestmaycausefurtherdeclineofapplicationfor

citizenship.

D^ItispossibleforoneiovotewithouttheU.S.citizenship.

標準答案：c

知識點詞析：推理題。本題需要綜合全文對各個選項的準確性進行判斷。根據(jù)最后

一段赫爾邁厄尼-凱德蘭的擔心，可知正確答案為C項。

10、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A、TheIncreasingCitizenshipFees

B、HowtoBecomeaU.S.Citizen?

C、TheRevisionstotheU.S.CitizenTest

D、SteepDropinCitizenshipFilings

標準答案：D

知識點解析：主旨題。本文主要說明申請成為美國公民的移民人數(shù)出現(xiàn)了大幅下降

的現(xiàn)象，并簡要分析了出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的種種原因，可知D項正確。

InToday'smanagement-theoryindustry,reputation—oratleastthecorporatekind—isa

"strategicasset"thatcanbe"leveraged"togain"competitiveadvantage'1,a"safety

buffer"thatcanbecalledupontoprotectyouagainst"negativenews",andastockof

"organisationalequity"thatcanbeincreasedby"engagingwiththestakeholder

community".TheReputationInstitute,a

consultancy,revealedtheresultsofitslatest"Reptrack"CorporateReputationSurvey.

Andvariousspokespersonshammeredhometheimportanceofmanagingreputation.

Reputationissoimportantthesedays,theysaid,thatweliveinnothinglessthana

"reputationeconomy".Plentyofotherorganisationsofferfirms"holistic"adviceon

improvingtheirreputations.Themarketvalueofcompaniesisincreasinglydetermined

bythingsyoucannottouch:theirbrandsandtheirintellectualcapital,forexample,rather

thantheirfactoriesorfleetsoftrucks.Theideaofa"reputationeconomy"makesintuitive

sense:FacebookisworthmorethanGeneralMotors.Nevertheless,therearethree

objectionstothereputation-managementindustry.Thefirstisthatitconflatesmany

differentthings——fromthequalityofacompany'sproductstoitsrelationshipwith

NGOs—intoasinglenotionof''reputation".Italsoseemstobedividedbetweenpublic-

relationsspecialists(whowanttoputthebestpossiblespinonthenews)andcorporate-

social-responsibilitytypes(whowantthecompanytoimprovetheworldandbethanked

forit).Thesecondobjectionisthattheindustrydependsonanaiveviewofthepowerof

reputation:thatcompanieswithpositivereputationswillfinditeasiertoattractcustomers

andsurvivecrises.Itisnothardtothinkofcounter-examples.Tobaccocompaniesmake

vastprofitsdespitetheirawfulreputations.EverybodybashesRyanairforitsdismal

serviceandtheDailyMailforitsmean-spiritedjournalism.Butbothfirmsarchighly

successful.Thebiggestproblemwiththereputationindustry,however,isitscentral

conceit:thatthewaytodealwithpotentialthreatstoyourreputationistoworkharderat

managingyourreputation.Theoppositeismorelikely:thebeststrategymaybetothink

lessaboutmanagingyourreputationandconcentratemoreonproducingthebestproducts

andservicesyoucan.Manysuccessfulcompanies,suchasAmazon,Costco,Southwest

AirlinesandZappos,havebeennotablefortheirintensefocusontheircorebusinesses,

notfortheirfancymarketing.Ifyoudoyourjobwell,customerswillsaynicethings

aboutyouandyourproducts.Inhis"Autobiography"JohnSluartMillarguedthatthe

bestwaytoattainhappinessisnottomakehappinessyour"directend",buttofixyour

mindonsomethingelse.Happinessistheincidentalby-productofpursuingsomeother

worthygoal.Thesamecanbesaidofreputation.

11、Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis

A、theworldlyoutlookofreputation.

B、thegreatvalueofreputation

C、theimportanceofmanagingreputation

D、thecompetitionforcorporatereputation

標準答案：A

知識點解析：主旨題。第一段獨句成篇，以三個排比句式，指出了當今管理理論行

業(yè)對待聲譽的看法：它是戰(zhàn)略性資產(chǎn)，為企業(yè)扁得競爭性優(yōu)勢；是安全緩沖，使企

業(yè)免受負面新聞之災(zāi)：是一支升值的組織股票。由此可見，第?段重在指出人們對

待聲譽的世俗看法，而不是分析聲譽的巨大價值、聲譽經(jīng)營的重要性或是公司聲譽

的競爭，故A項符合文意。

12>Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheideaof"reputationeconomy"is.

A、indifferent

appreciative

C、uncertained

D、opposite

標準答案：D

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"reputationeconomy”本應(yīng)該定位至第二段，

看似考查局部，實則考查作者對“聲譽”的態(tài)度，而作者對“聲譽''的態(tài)度通篇都在映

射直至最后才明確傳達。文章首段提及當今聲譽管理行業(yè)對聲譽的看法：極度吹

捧，第二段隨后提出“聲譽經(jīng)濟體”這個概念，并在該段末句暗示這種概念在直覺意

義上似乎很有道理(暗示并無道理)，隨后三段都在講述管理行業(yè)對聲譽看法的不當

之處，末段直接通過類比方式指出作者觀點：“聲譽”只是企業(yè)在追逐高品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

和服務(wù)過程中的副產(chǎn)品，不能將“聲譽”當作直接目標或是有價值的目標加以追求,

可見，作者對“聲譽經(jīng)濟體”的態(tài)度是反對的，D項符合文意。

13、InParagraph4,theauthormentionsthecounter-examplestoshowthat

reputation.

A、playsacounteractiveroleincompanies'gettingthroughdifficulties

B、isnotcorrelatedwithcompanies'success

C、canoffercustomersbettercustomerexperiences

D^isauractiveiocustomersastheindustryviews

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第四段首先指出聲譽管理行業(yè)對于聲譽強勁的看法過于天

真：聲譽很容易吸引顧客并能度過危機，隨后舉出三個反例，煙草公司雖名聲不好

卻盈利很高，瑞安航空服務(wù)雖然糟糕、《每日郵報》報道雖然主觀，但它們卻都獲

得了成功，可見，公司聲譽好壞與公司是否成功無關(guān)。B項符合文意。

14、Fromparagraph5,wecanlearnthattheeffortsofreputationattainmentshouldhe

directedto.

A、flaringproductmarketing

B、goodreputationmanagement

C、high-qualityproducts

D、competitivebrandingcampaign

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。第五段首先指出聲譽行業(yè)的最致命問題：其中心思想太過自

負，認為致力于企業(yè)聲譽管理就能解決潛在威脅，隨后指出正確的做法：少考慮聲

譽經(jīng)營，多關(guān)注自身產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，隨后以亞馬遜等公司為例加以說明?？?/p>

見，公司要獲取聲譽，應(yīng)該致力于提供高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，C項符合文意。

15、ByquotingJohnStuartMilTswords,theauthorwantstoshowthatreputation

shouldbeviewedas.

A、aby-product

B>anindirectend

C、aworthygoal

D、asourceofhappiness

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干直接定位至末段。末段采取類比手法，以“幸福”類

比“聲譽”，通過引用約翰-斯圖亞特-穆勒對獲取幸福的觀點來說明對待聲譽的正確

態(tài)度，約翰認為獲取幸福的最好辦法不是讓幸福成為直接目標而是集中精力做好其

他事情，幸福只是在追求有價值的目標過程中的副產(chǎn)品而己。由此可見，作者認為

聲譽只是在追求更高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)過程中的副產(chǎn)品。A項符合文意。

Duringthepast34years,wagesfbreveryoneatorbelowthe30thpercentileofthe

incomedistributionhaveessentiallybeenflat,whilewagesforthepoorest10percentof

workershavefallen.Atallincomelevels,womenearnlessonaveragethanmendo.

Sincewagesforthelowestincomegrouphavefallen

whilewagesatthehighestincomegrouphavegrown,incomeinequalityhasalso

increased.However,whilethere'slotsoftalkabouttheadverseconsequencesofgrowing

incomeinequality,it'sreallypoverty,notincomeinequality,thafstheproblem.And,

povertyisaparticularlybigproblemforwomenandgirls,whomakeupmorethanhalf

thepeoplelivinginpoverty.Povertyhasharmfulconsequencesforwomen.Economist

BarryBosworthattheBrookingsInstitutionlookedatlifeexpectancyforpeoplewho

havercaulicdage55andfbunddial,forexample,a55-ycar-uldwumaiialthebullomuf

theincomedistributioncanexpecttoliveadecadeless-eightyyearsratherthan

ninety—thanawomanofthesameageatthetopoftheincomedistribution.These

consequencesaregettingworseovertimeforlow-incomewomen.AsBosworth's

researchpaperreported,whilelifeexpectancygenerallyincreasesovertime,that'snotthe

caseforlow-incomewomen.Awomanbornin1940whoisatthebottomoftheincome

distributionhasseenherlifeexpectancyshrinkby2.1yearsrelativetothesamelow-

incomewomenborn20yearsearlier.Agoodwaytoraisethewagesofwomenistoraise

theeducationlevelsofwomen.Themoreeducatedawomanis,themoreincomeshe

earns.EconomistDavidAutoroftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyfbundthat

themedianwomanwithacollegedegreeearnedaboutS23,000moreayearthana

womanwhoterminatedhereducationoncesheearnedherhighschooldiploma.There'sa

anotherwaytoincreasewages.AccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute,thereare

someunpleasantexplanationsfbrlowwages.Someemployersinappropriatelyclassify

workersasindependentcontractorsandsomeemployersengagein"wagetheft."

Governmentistryingbesttodosomethingaboutthis.'Wagetheft"occurswhen

employersdothingslikepaylessthantheminimumwage,don'tpayovertimerates,and

requireunpaidwork,andseemstobeawide-spreadproblem.Sincewomenmakeup

two-thirdsofworkersinamountofserviceindustries-wheresuchproblemsoccur

frequently-suchasfast-foodindustry,they'dlikelybenefitfromreducedwagetheft.

16、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thattherealproblemforincomeinequality

A^womenhavenotgot(hesamerighttoearnenoughmoneythatequalstomen's

BNthewealthgapbetweenwomenwithlow-levelincomeandthosewithhigh-level

incomehasbeenincreased

C、therearemorewomenthanmenbelongingtothegroupofthepoorest10percentof

workersnowadays

D^povertyisaseriousproblemforwomenratherthangirls

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。文章第二段第二句表明“真正的問題其實是貧困，而不是貧

富差距”。C項的意思是說在最窮的那部分人中女性比男性多，這一句話顯然是在

傳達一個觀點，即女性貧窮問題十分嚴重，與第二段的主旨句相吻合，因此正確答

案為C項。

17>According(oParagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A、Forthosewomenwithhigh-levelincome,theyexpecttolivetotheageofeighty.

B、Nowadaysalthoughthosewomenwithhigh-levelincomehavelongerlifeexpectancy

thanthosepoorones,