考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷101

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷101

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Thephysicalmanifestationsoftechnologicalchangesurroundus,affectingalmost

everythingwedo.Thewayweshop,thewayshopsaresupplied,leisureactivities,the

wayweorganizetravel,vehicles—allthesehavechangedoverthepast30yearsorso.

Andmajorchangesareoccurringinthewaywework.Oneofthemostvisiblesocial

manifestationsof"chipswitheverything'1istheall-pervasiveuseofmobilephones.

Technologyhaschangedwhowecantalktoatanygiventime-wearenotsolimitedby

whereweareorwhowearewith.Thishasarippleeffectonthenatureofcommunication

asawholeandofpeople'sattitudestoit.Oldmodelsofcommunication-whatyousayto

whom,andwhere—arcbeingreplacedbyanytime,anywherecommunication.Thatwe

maybemicrowavingourbrainsintheprocessisonlyoneoftheissuesraised.The

Internet,too,isbeginningtotransformthewaywedothings.Newmodelsaredeveloping

ofhowinformationispublishedandaccessed.Newtypesofcommunities,basedon

interestandaccident,areemerging.Yourchildandhisfriendontheirvideogame

consoleshavebecomepartofaglobalcommunity,playingwithkidsintheUS,Malaysia

andLithuaniaonadailybasis.Shouldn'ttheybekickingaballaroundintheparkwith

thekidsfromthenextstreet?Forsomeoneworking,thesenewtechnologiesmakethem

moreconstantlyavailable,andincreaseexpectationsofarapidresponse.Itcanmean

theirhomelifeisinvaded-orilcanmeanthattheydonotneedtogotoaparticularplace

toaccessinformation.Societyischangingundertheimpactofthesenewtechnologies.

Butwearenotsurehow,norifitisforthebetter.Andwedon'tyetknowhowtorespond

tothesocialandethicalchallengesthatarearising.Thefirstpriority,perhaps,istospot

theseemergingchallenges.

1、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthepositionexpressedinthe

article?

A、Ifwe'renotcareful,technologywillruinourlives.

B、Technologyisthekeytotheworld'sfutureeconomicdevelopment.

C、Technologicalchangemaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.

D、Somebenefitfromtechnologymorethanothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。文章表達(dá)了作者對技術(shù)變革的懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為技術(shù)變

革并非總是好事。

2、Accordingtothearticle,oneoftheconsequencesoftechnologicalchangeis

that.

A、childrenspendmoretimeplayingoutside

B>oldmodelsofcommunicationarebeingreplaced

C、everysinglepersonhasamobilephone

D^vehicleshavebecomemoreexpensive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出，先前的交流模式正在被新的交流取代，

這是科技變革的一個(gè)結(jié)果。

3、Theauthorsuggeststhatchildrenshouldbeoutsidekickingaballaroundrather

than.

A^researchingtechnologicalchange

B>playingvideogames

C^goingtoschool

D、travelingtoothercountriessuchasMalaysia

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。作者在第四段末尾用的是反問，表達(dá)的是肯定的態(tài)

度，認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該在外面和周圍的孩子一起踢球。

4、Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthattechnologicalchange.

Axmake*lifemoreconvenientforallpeople

B、keepschildrenfromkickingaballaroundinthepark

C、canleadtotheinvasionofaperson'shomelife

D、particularlyaffectsthelivesofworkingpeople

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段指出，技術(shù)的變革意味著人們的家庭生活受到

侵?jǐn)_。

5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsnewtechnologiesis.

A、skeptical

B、welcoming

C^positive

D、ambivalent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬態(tài)度推斷題。作者在最后一段寫道：“社會(huì)如何向好的方向改變，

是否會(huì)向好的方向改變，我們不能肯定。''這充分表明，作者對新技術(shù)持懷疑態(tài)

度。

Whenitcomestoeating,womenarelessapttograzeunderthemalegaze.That'sbecause

theyfeelheavierthanotherwomenwhenmenarearound.Astudyof101femalecollege

studentsfoundthatwomenatcoeducationalschoolssignificantlyunderestimatethebody

sizeoftheirpeers.Womenatsinglc-scxschoolsarcfarmoreaccurateintheirestimates.

Thiserrormayhavedireconsequences.CatherineSanderson,Ph.D.,anassistant

professorofpsychologyatAmherstCollege,foundthatwomenwhoerroneouslybelieve

theirpeersarethinnerthantheythemselvesarehavehigherratesofeatingdisorders.

Studentsatco-edAmherstCollegeandall-femaleSmithCollegeansweredquestions

abouttheiridealbodysize,theirestimateoftheaveragewoman'sheightandweight,and

howoftentheythoughttheaveragewomanexercises.Theyalsoansweredquestions

abouttheirowneatinghabits.Sanderson'sfindings,recentlypresentedtotheSocietyfor

PersonalityandSocialPsychology,showthatonlythewomenattendingco-edAmherst

wronglyperceivedtheirpeerstobethinnerthantheythemselveswere.Amongthis

group,"thethinnestwomenaretheonlyoneswhofeel'normal',nsaysSanderson.

Sandersonattributesthistosocialdiscourse.Shespeculatesthatwomenwantto

emphasizetheirfemininityandfitnesswhenmenarearound,sotheytalkmoreabout

skippedmealsorlongworkoutsbutdon'tmentionembarrassingbingesorlapsesintheir

exerciseregimens.Asaresult,womenwronglyassumethattheirpeerseatless,weigh

lessandexercisemorethantheyactuallydo.WomenatAmherstwhobelievedtheywere

heavierthanaverageweremorelikelytodisplaysignsofeatingdisorders,whilewomen

withthesamebeliefatSmithdidnothaveahigherrateofexhibitingsuchsigns.Previous

workbySandersonsuggeststhatifwomenaretoldtheyaremisjudgingotherwomen's

weight,disorderedeatingmaydecline.

6、Theword"dire"(line3,para.2)mostprobablymeans"

A、terrible

B>unforeseen

C、damning

D^derelict

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬詞義推斷題?？筛鶕?jù)后續(xù)提示做出判斷。第二段結(jié)尾指出：“錯(cuò)誤

地認(rèn)為其他女同學(xué)比自己瘦的女生產(chǎn)生飲食紊亂的幾率較高?！憋@然，這是嚴(yán)重的

后果。從而可知,dire與terrible同義。

7、Whichgroupinthestudyhadmisconceptionsaboutthebodysizeoftheirpeers?

A、Femalecollegestudents.

B、Femalestudentsatco-edschools.

C^Femalestudentsatall-femaleschools.

D、Femalestudentsatprimarilymaleschools.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段開頭明確告訴我們：“在男女同校的學(xué)校里女

生大大低估了其他女生的身材。女子學(xué)校女生的估計(jì)則準(zhǔn)確得多?！?/p>

8、AccordingtoSanderson'sresearch,whoismorelikelytohaveaneatingdisorder?

A^Awomanwholacksaseriousexerciseregimen.

B、Awomanwhoincorrectlybelievesherpeersarcthinnerthansheis.

C、Awomanwhodoesnotattendaco-educationalinstitution.

D、Awomanwhosefamilyhasahistoryofeatingdisorders.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B-

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段結(jié)尾告訴我們：“凱瑟琳?桑德森發(fā)現(xiàn)，錯(cuò)誤地

認(rèn)為其他女同學(xué)比自己瘦的女生產(chǎn)生飲食紊亂的幾率較高。”

9、WhendoesSandersonspeculatewomendon'tmentionlapsesintheirexercise

regimens?

A^Whentheyareatthegym.

BNWhentheyarearoundtheirpeers.

C、Whenmenarepresent.

D、Whentheyassumethattheirpeersexercisemorethantheyactuallydo.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對應(yīng)信息在第五段，其中談到，在男人面前，女

人不談?wù)撳憻挄r(shí)三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng)的情況。

10、Accordingtothearticle,howmighteatingdisordersbereduced?

A、Byeliminatingco-edcolleges.

B、Byemphasizingexerciseincollegecurriculums.

C、Bycommissioningmorestudiestoresearchtheeffectofco-edinstitutionson

women'sbodyimage.

D、Bytellingwomenthattheyareincorrectintheirjudgmentsofotherwomen'sbody

weight.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.文章在結(jié)尾指出：“如果女性被告知，她們錯(cuò)誤地判

斷了其他女性的體重，飲食紊亂情況會(huì)減少?！?/p>

Ifyouaren'talreadyparalyzedwithstressfromreadingthefinancialnews,here'sasure

waytoachievethatgrimstate:readamedical-journalarticlethatexamineswhatstress

candotoyourbrain.Stress,you'lllearn,iscripplingyourneurons.Thafsassumingyou

haven'talreadydiedbythenofsomeotherstress-relatedailmentsuchasheartdisease.As

weenterwhatissuretobealongperiodofuncertainty-agantletoflostjobs,dwindling

assets,homeforeclosuresandtwocontinuingwars—thedownsideofstressiscertainly

worthexploring.Butwhatabouttheupside?It'snotsomethingwehearmuchabout.In

thepastseveralyears,alotofushaveconvincedourselvesthatstressisunequivocally

negativeforeveryone,allthetime.We'veblamedstressforawidevarietyofproblems,

fromslightmemorylapsestofull-ondementia—andthat'sjustinthebrain.Sure,stress

canbebadforyou,especiallyifyoureacttoitwithangerordepressionorbydowning

fiveglassesofScotch.Butwhat'softenoverlookedisacommon-sensecounterpoint:in

somecircumstances,itcanbegoodforyou,too.AsSpencerRathusputsitin

"Psychology:ConceptsandConnections,""somestressishealthyandnecessarytokeep

usalertandoccupied.""Thepublichasgottensuchauniformmessagethatstressis

alwaysharmful,"saysJanetDiPietro,adevelopmentalpsychologistatJohnsHopkins

University."Andthatstoobad,becausemostpeopledotheirbestundermildtomoderate

stress."Thestressresponse—thebody'shormonalreactiontodanger,uncertaintyor

change-evolvedtohelpussurvive,andifwelearnhowtokeepilfromoveiTunningour

lives,itstillcan.Intheshortterm,itcanenergizeus.Inthelongterm,stresscanmotivate

ustodobetteratjobswecareabout.Alittleofitcanprepareusforalotlateron,making

usmoreresilient.Evenwhenit'sextreme,stressmayhavesomepositiveeffects-which

iswhy,inadditiontoposctraumaticstressdisorder,somepsychologistsarestartingto

defineaphenomenoncalledposttraumaticgrowth."There'sreallyabiochemicaland

scientificbiasthatstressisbad,butanecdotallyandclinically,it'squiteevidentthatitcan

workforsomepeople,"saysOrloff."Wcneedanewwaveofresearchwithamore

balancedapproachtohowstresscanserveus."Otherwise,we'reailgoingtospendfar

moretimethanweshouldstressingourselvesoutaboutthefactthatwe'restressedout.

1KItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that.

A、financialnewscausestressbecausetheyaretooprofessionaltounderstand

B、unemploymentisnotasseriousaproblemashomeforeclosures

C、manypeoplediedbecauseofstress-causeddamageofneurons

D、peopleoftenneglectthegoodpartthatstresscanbringtothem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。選項(xiàng)A犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤，其為文章第一句意思

的誤解，文章第一句作者的真實(shí)意圖是對現(xiàn)在金融形勢的諷刺，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B

犯了無中生有的錯(cuò)誤，句中兩個(gè)核心詞都是文章中“長期的不確定性”的例子，并未

提及二者哪個(gè)更嚴(yán)重，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤，第一段第三句中作

者暗示一些人會(huì)因?yàn)閴毫?dǎo)致生病而死亡，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容是第一段最后

一句的體現(xiàn)，故正確。

12、TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2means.

A、absolutely

partially

C、variously

D、equally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬詞義推斷題。第二段第二句講到我們將很多的問題都?xì)w結(jié)于壓力,

因此被考查詞所在句應(yīng)與此意相同，都是在表達(dá)人們都是認(rèn)為壓力是有負(fù)面影響

的。選項(xiàng)B意為“部分的”，顯然不是作者想要表達(dá)的程度，因?yàn)槿藗兏緵]有想

到過壓力的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)C意為“不同的”，選項(xiàng)D意為“相同的”，文中并未表達(dá)壓

力對不同人的影響是否一樣，故不合題意。選項(xiàng)A意為“絕對的”，其程度符合作

者所表達(dá)的，故符合題意。

13、BymentioningSpencerRadius'swork,theauthorintendsto.

A、recommendthisbooktopeoplewithgreatstress

B、manifesthisopinionisdifferentfromthatofJanetDiPietro

CNprovethatstressdoeshavepositiveeffectonpeople

D、demonstratepeople'sbiastowardsstress'seffect

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識之解析：屬邏輯關(guān)系題。選項(xiàng)A犯了無中生有的錯(cuò)誤，作者亳無推薦書籍的

意思，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤，仔細(xì)閱讀J.D.的觀點(diǎn)就可知道其

實(shí)兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)是一致的，故錯(cuò)誤。閱讀S.R.的觀點(diǎn)就可知道他提到了壓力的

一些好處，故選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)D屬于答非所問，說的是J.D.的觀點(diǎn)，

S.R.的引用中未提到此觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。

14、Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A^Moreshouldbedonetoexaminetheexactwaystressaffectsus.

B、Stresscancausememoryloss,evendementia.

C、Peoplemaybecomemoreadaptablebecauseofstress.

D、Thestressresponseemergedfbrhuman5ssurvival.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B-

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句，Orloff指出

我們需要更多的研究來發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力到底是怎么服務(wù)于我們的，故選項(xiàng)A不合題意。

選項(xiàng)C是對第四段第_一句的改寫，壓力讓人更具適應(yīng)性，故不合題意。選項(xiàng)D是

對第四段首句的改寫，人類之所以有壓力反應(yīng)，就是為了生存，故不合題意。文章

第二段講到人們把很多事都?xì)w咎于壓力，從輕微的失憶到癡呆，因此這些可能并不

真由壓力導(dǎo)致，而是人們強(qiáng)加的，故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A、Peoplehavebiasoverstress

B、Theupsideofstress,longignoredbuttrue

C、Themechanismofposttraumaticgrowth

D、Stress'sharmtopeople'shealth

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。做此類題需要整體把握全文的意思。文章第一段用眾

所周知的壓力對人的負(fù)面影響引出文章的主題——壓力的正面影響，而后講到了人

們長期以來都忽略了壓力的正面影響，并在最后一段中指出壓力的積極作用。因此

可知選項(xiàng)B是對文章的完整概括，故正確。

ThestretchofthePacificbetweenHawaiiandCaliforniaisvirtuallyempty.Thereareno

islands,noshippinglanes,nohumanpresenceforthousandsofmiles-justsea,skyand

rubbish.Theprevailingcurrentscauseflotsamfromaroundtheworldtoaccumulateina

vastbecalmedpatchofocean.Inplaces,thereareamillionpiecesofplasticpersquare

kilometre.1hatcanmeanasmuchas112timesmoreplasticthanplankton,thefirstlink

inthemarinefoodchain.Allthisaddsuptoperhaps100mtonnesoffloatinggarbage,

andmoreisarrivingeveryday.Whereverpeoplehavebeen—andsomeplaceswhere

theyhavenot—theyhaveleftwastebehind.Litterlinestheworld'sroads;dumpsdotthe

landscape;slurryandsewagesloshintoriversandstreams.Upabove,thousandsof

fragmentsofdefunctspacecraftcareenthroughspace,andoccasionallymoredebrisis

producedbycollisionssuchastheonethatdestroyedanAmericansatelliteinmid-

Fcbruary.KenNoguchi,amountaineer,estimatesthathehascollectedninetonnesof

rubbishfromtheslopesofMountEverestduringfiveclean-upexpeditions.Thereisstill

plentyleft.TheaverageWesternerproducesover500kgofmunicipalwasteayear—and

thatisonlythemostobviousportionoftherichworld'sdiscards.InBritain,torexample,

municipalwastefromhouseholdsandbusinessesmakesupjust24%ofthetotal.In

addition,bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesgeneratevastquantitiesof

constructionanddemolitiondebris,industrialeffluent,minetailings,sewageresidueand

agriculturalwaste.Extractingenoughgoldtomakeatypicalweddingring,forexample,

cangeneratethreetonnesofminingwaste.Rubbishmaybeuniversal,butitislittle

studiedandpoorlyunderstood.Nobodyknowshowmuchofittheworldgeneratesor

whatitdocswithit.Inmanyrichcountries,andmostpoorones,onlythepatchiestof

recordsarekept.Thatmaybeunderstandable:bydefinition,wasteissomethingitsowner

nolongerwantsortakesmuchinterestin.Ignorancespawnsscares,suchasthefuss

surroundingNewYork'sinfamousgarbagebarge,whichin1987sailedtheAtlanticlor

sixmonthsinsearchofaplacetodumpitsload,givingmanyAmericansthefalse

impressionthattheircountry'slandfillshadrunoutofspace.Italsomakesithardtodraw

upsensiblepolicies:justthinkoftheendlessdebateaboutwhetherrecyclingistheonly

waytosavetheplanet-oranexpensivewasteoftime.

16、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that.

A>alargepartofthePacificdoesn'thaveshippinglanes

B、mostoftherubbishinthePacificcomesfromtheU.S.

C、thefirstlinkofthefoodchainofsealivesonplastic

D>thequantityofrubbishinthePacificincreasesdaybyday

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。選項(xiàng)A犯了夸大其詞的錯(cuò)誤，文章只是講到從夏威

夷到加州的這段太平洋沒有航道，而不是全部太平洋，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B犯了偷梁

換柱的錯(cuò)誤，盡管夏威夷和加州兩個(gè)地方都屬于美國，但文中講到這部分太平洋的

垃圾來自世界各地，而不只是美國，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C犯了移花接木的錯(cuò)誤，文中

只是指出一些地方的塑料比浮游生物還多，而選項(xiàng)中卻將塑料說成浮游生物的食

物，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D可從第一段末句看出，故正確。

17^Thesecondparagraphmainlydemonstrates.

A、spacegarbage'shazardtowardspeople

B、thatpeopleproducev/asteofallkindswithlargeamount

C^whetherpeopleshouldtakerecyclingintoaccount

D、KenNoguchi'sfiveclcan-upexpeditions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析；屬信息歸納題。選項(xiàng)A屬于無中生有，第二段并未提及太空垃圾對

人的危害，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C屬于移花接木，所講內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第五段中，故錯(cuò)誤。

選項(xiàng)D犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤，第二段確實(shí)