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考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷101
一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共20題,每題7.0
分,共20分。)
Thephysicalmanifestationsoftechnologicalchangesurroundus,affectingalmost
everythingwedo.Thewayweshop,thewayshopsaresupplied,leisureactivities,the
wayweorganizetravel,vehicles—allthesehavechangedoverthepast30yearsorso.
Andmajorchangesareoccurringinthewaywework.Oneofthemostvisiblesocial
manifestationsof"chipswitheverything'1istheall-pervasiveuseofmobilephones.
Technologyhaschangedwhowecantalktoatanygiventime-wearenotsolimitedby
whereweareorwhowearewith.Thishasarippleeffectonthenatureofcommunication
asawholeandofpeople'sattitudestoit.Oldmodelsofcommunication-whatyousayto
whom,andwhere—arcbeingreplacedbyanytime,anywherecommunication.Thatwe
maybemicrowavingourbrainsintheprocessisonlyoneoftheissuesraised.The
Internet,too,isbeginningtotransformthewaywedothings.Newmodelsaredeveloping
ofhowinformationispublishedandaccessed.Newtypesofcommunities,basedon
interestandaccident,areemerging.Yourchildandhisfriendontheirvideogame
consoleshavebecomepartofaglobalcommunity,playingwithkidsintheUS,Malaysia
andLithuaniaonadailybasis.Shouldn'ttheybekickingaballaroundintheparkwith
thekidsfromthenextstreet?Forsomeoneworking,thesenewtechnologiesmakethem
moreconstantlyavailable,andincreaseexpectationsofarapidresponse.Itcanmean
theirhomelifeisinvaded-orilcanmeanthattheydonotneedtogotoaparticularplace
toaccessinformation.Societyischangingundertheimpactofthesenewtechnologies.
Butwearenotsurehow,norifitisforthebetter.Andwedon'tyetknowhowtorespond
tothesocialandethicalchallengesthatarearising.Thefirstpriority,perhaps,istospot
theseemergingchallenges.
1、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthepositionexpressedinthe
article?
A、Ifwe'renotcareful,technologywillruinourlives.
B、Technologyisthekeytotheworld'sfutureeconomicdevelopment.
C、Technologicalchangemaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.
D、Somebenefitfromtechnologymorethanothers.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬主旨思想題。文章表達(dá)了作者對技術(shù)變革的懷疑態(tài)度,認(rèn)為技術(shù)變
革并非總是好事。
2、Accordingtothearticle,oneoftheconsequencesoftechnologicalchangeis
that.
A、childrenspendmoretimeplayingoutside
B>oldmodelsofcommunicationarebeingreplaced
C、everysinglepersonhasamobilephone
D^vehicleshavebecomemoreexpensive
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出,先前的交流模式正在被新的交流取代,
這是科技變革的一個(gè)結(jié)果。
3、Theauthorsuggeststhatchildrenshouldbeoutsidekickingaballaroundrather
than.
A^researchingtechnologicalchange
B>playingvideogames
C^goingtoschool
D、travelingtoothercountriessuchasMalaysia
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬信息推斷題。作者在第四段末尾用的是反問,表達(dá)的是肯定的態(tài)
度,認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該在外面和周圍的孩子一起踢球。
4、Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthattechnologicalchange.
Axmake*lifemoreconvenientforallpeople
B、keepschildrenfromkickingaballaroundinthepark
C、canleadtotheinvasionofaperson'shomelife
D、particularlyaffectsthelivesofworkingpeople
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段指出,技術(shù)的變革意味著人們的家庭生活受到
侵?jǐn)_。
5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsnewtechnologiesis.
A、skeptical
B、welcoming
C^positive
D、ambivalent
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬態(tài)度推斷題。作者在最后一段寫道:“社會(huì)如何向好的方向改變,
是否會(huì)向好的方向改變,我們不能肯定。''這充分表明,作者對新技術(shù)持懷疑態(tài)
度。
Whenitcomestoeating,womenarelessapttograzeunderthemalegaze.That'sbecause
theyfeelheavierthanotherwomenwhenmenarearound.Astudyof101femalecollege
studentsfoundthatwomenatcoeducationalschoolssignificantlyunderestimatethebody
sizeoftheirpeers.Womenatsinglc-scxschoolsarcfarmoreaccurateintheirestimates.
Thiserrormayhavedireconsequences.CatherineSanderson,Ph.D.,anassistant
professorofpsychologyatAmherstCollege,foundthatwomenwhoerroneouslybelieve
theirpeersarethinnerthantheythemselvesarehavehigherratesofeatingdisorders.
Studentsatco-edAmherstCollegeandall-femaleSmithCollegeansweredquestions
abouttheiridealbodysize,theirestimateoftheaveragewoman'sheightandweight,and
howoftentheythoughttheaveragewomanexercises.Theyalsoansweredquestions
abouttheirowneatinghabits.Sanderson'sfindings,recentlypresentedtotheSocietyfor
PersonalityandSocialPsychology,showthatonlythewomenattendingco-edAmherst
wronglyperceivedtheirpeerstobethinnerthantheythemselveswere.Amongthis
group,"thethinnestwomenaretheonlyoneswhofeel'normal',nsaysSanderson.
Sandersonattributesthistosocialdiscourse.Shespeculatesthatwomenwantto
emphasizetheirfemininityandfitnesswhenmenarearound,sotheytalkmoreabout
skippedmealsorlongworkoutsbutdon'tmentionembarrassingbingesorlapsesintheir
exerciseregimens.Asaresult,womenwronglyassumethattheirpeerseatless,weigh
lessandexercisemorethantheyactuallydo.WomenatAmherstwhobelievedtheywere
heavierthanaverageweremorelikelytodisplaysignsofeatingdisorders,whilewomen
withthesamebeliefatSmithdidnothaveahigherrateofexhibitingsuchsigns.Previous
workbySandersonsuggeststhatifwomenaretoldtheyaremisjudgingotherwomen's
weight,disorderedeatingmaydecline.
6、Theword"dire"(line3,para.2)mostprobablymeans"
A、terrible
B>unforeseen
C、damning
D^derelict
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬詞義推斷題??筛鶕?jù)后續(xù)提示做出判斷。第二段結(jié)尾指出:“錯(cuò)誤
地認(rèn)為其他女同學(xué)比自己瘦的女生產(chǎn)生飲食紊亂的幾率較高?!憋@然,這是嚴(yán)重的
后果。從而可知,dire與terrible同義。
7、Whichgroupinthestudyhadmisconceptionsaboutthebodysizeoftheirpeers?
A、Femalecollegestudents.
B、Femalestudentsatco-edschools.
C^Femalestudentsatall-femaleschools.
D、Femalestudentsatprimarilymaleschools.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段開頭明確告訴我們:“在男女同校的學(xué)校里女
生大大低估了其他女生的身材。女子學(xué)校女生的估計(jì)則準(zhǔn)確得多?!?/p>
8、AccordingtoSanderson'sresearch,whoismorelikelytohaveaneatingdisorder?
A^Awomanwholacksaseriousexerciseregimen.
B、Awomanwhoincorrectlybelievesherpeersarcthinnerthansheis.
C、Awomanwhodoesnotattendaco-educationalinstitution.
D、Awomanwhosefamilyhasahistoryofeatingdisorders.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B-
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段結(jié)尾告訴我們:“凱瑟琳?桑德森發(fā)現(xiàn),錯(cuò)誤地
認(rèn)為其他女同學(xué)比自己瘦的女生產(chǎn)生飲食紊亂的幾率較高。”
9、WhendoesSandersonspeculatewomendon'tmentionlapsesintheirexercise
regimens?
A^Whentheyareatthegym.
BNWhentheyarearoundtheirpeers.
C、Whenmenarepresent.
D、Whentheyassumethattheirpeersexercisemorethantheyactuallydo.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對應(yīng)信息在第五段,其中談到,在男人面前,女
人不談?wù)撳憻挄r(shí)三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng)的情況。
10、Accordingtothearticle,howmighteatingdisordersbereduced?
A、Byeliminatingco-edcolleges.
B、Byemphasizingexerciseincollegecurriculums.
C、Bycommissioningmorestudiestoresearchtheeffectofco-edinstitutionson
women'sbodyimage.
D、Bytellingwomenthattheyareincorrectintheirjudgmentsofotherwomen'sbody
weight.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.文章在結(jié)尾指出:“如果女性被告知,她們錯(cuò)誤地判
斷了其他女性的體重,飲食紊亂情況會(huì)減少?!?/p>
Ifyouaren'talreadyparalyzedwithstressfromreadingthefinancialnews,here'sasure
waytoachievethatgrimstate:readamedical-journalarticlethatexamineswhatstress
candotoyourbrain.Stress,you'lllearn,iscripplingyourneurons.Thafsassumingyou
haven'talreadydiedbythenofsomeotherstress-relatedailmentsuchasheartdisease.As
weenterwhatissuretobealongperiodofuncertainty-agantletoflostjobs,dwindling
assets,homeforeclosuresandtwocontinuingwars—thedownsideofstressiscertainly
worthexploring.Butwhatabouttheupside?It'snotsomethingwehearmuchabout.In
thepastseveralyears,alotofushaveconvincedourselvesthatstressisunequivocally
negativeforeveryone,allthetime.We'veblamedstressforawidevarietyofproblems,
fromslightmemorylapsestofull-ondementia—andthat'sjustinthebrain.Sure,stress
canbebadforyou,especiallyifyoureacttoitwithangerordepressionorbydowning
fiveglassesofScotch.Butwhat'softenoverlookedisacommon-sensecounterpoint:in
somecircumstances,itcanbegoodforyou,too.AsSpencerRathusputsitin
"Psychology:ConceptsandConnections,""somestressishealthyandnecessarytokeep
usalertandoccupied.""Thepublichasgottensuchauniformmessagethatstressis
alwaysharmful,"saysJanetDiPietro,adevelopmentalpsychologistatJohnsHopkins
University."Andthatstoobad,becausemostpeopledotheirbestundermildtomoderate
stress."Thestressresponse—thebody'shormonalreactiontodanger,uncertaintyor
change-evolvedtohelpussurvive,andifwelearnhowtokeepilfromoveiTunningour
lives,itstillcan.Intheshortterm,itcanenergizeus.Inthelongterm,stresscanmotivate
ustodobetteratjobswecareabout.Alittleofitcanprepareusforalotlateron,making
usmoreresilient.Evenwhenit'sextreme,stressmayhavesomepositiveeffects-which
iswhy,inadditiontoposctraumaticstressdisorder,somepsychologistsarestartingto
defineaphenomenoncalledposttraumaticgrowth."There'sreallyabiochemicaland
scientificbiasthatstressisbad,butanecdotallyandclinically,it'squiteevidentthatitcan
workforsomepeople,"saysOrloff."Wcneedanewwaveofresearchwithamore
balancedapproachtohowstresscanserveus."Otherwise,we'reailgoingtospendfar
moretimethanweshouldstressingourselvesoutaboutthefactthatwe'restressedout.
1KItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that.
A、financialnewscausestressbecausetheyaretooprofessionaltounderstand
B、unemploymentisnotasseriousaproblemashomeforeclosures
C、manypeoplediedbecauseofstress-causeddamageofneurons
D、peopleoftenneglectthegoodpartthatstresscanbringtothem
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬信息推斷題。選項(xiàng)A犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤,其為文章第一句意思
的誤解,文章第一句作者的真實(shí)意圖是對現(xiàn)在金融形勢的諷刺,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B
犯了無中生有的錯(cuò)誤,句中兩個(gè)核心詞都是文章中“長期的不確定性”的例子,并未
提及二者哪個(gè)更嚴(yán)重,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤,第一段第三句中作
者暗示一些人會(huì)因?yàn)閴毫?dǎo)致生病而死亡,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容是第一段最后
一句的體現(xiàn),故正確。
12、TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2means.
A、absolutely
partially
C、variously
D、equally
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬詞義推斷題。第二段第二句講到我們將很多的問題都?xì)w結(jié)于壓力,
因此被考查詞所在句應(yīng)與此意相同,都是在表達(dá)人們都是認(rèn)為壓力是有負(fù)面影響
的。選項(xiàng)B意為“部分的”,顯然不是作者想要表達(dá)的程度,因?yàn)槿藗兏緵]有想
到過壓力的優(yōu)點(diǎn),選項(xiàng)C意為“不同的”,選項(xiàng)D意為“相同的”,文中并未表達(dá)壓
力對不同人的影響是否一樣,故不合題意。選項(xiàng)A意為“絕對的”,其程度符合作
者所表達(dá)的,故符合題意。
13、BymentioningSpencerRadius'swork,theauthorintendsto.
A、recommendthisbooktopeoplewithgreatstress
B、manifesthisopinionisdifferentfromthatofJanetDiPietro
CNprovethatstressdoeshavepositiveeffectonpeople
D、demonstratepeople'sbiastowardsstress'seffect
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識之解析:屬邏輯關(guān)系題。選項(xiàng)A犯了無中生有的錯(cuò)誤,作者亳無推薦書籍的
意思,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B犯了曲解文意的錯(cuò)誤,仔細(xì)閱讀J.D.的觀點(diǎn)就可知道其
實(shí)兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)是一致的,故錯(cuò)誤。閱讀S.R.的觀點(diǎn)就可知道他提到了壓力的
一些好處,故選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)D屬于答非所問,說的是J.D.的觀點(diǎn),
S.R.的引用中未提到此觀點(diǎn),故錯(cuò)誤。
14、Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?
A^Moreshouldbedonetoexaminetheexactwaystressaffectsus.
B、Stresscancausememoryloss,evendementia.
C、Peoplemaybecomemoreadaptablebecauseofstress.
D、Thestressresponseemergedfbrhuman5ssurvival.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B-
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,Orloff指出
我們需要更多的研究來發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力到底是怎么服務(wù)于我們的,故選項(xiàng)A不合題意。
選項(xiàng)C是對第四段第_一句的改寫,壓力讓人更具適應(yīng)性,故不合題意。選項(xiàng)D是
對第四段首句的改寫,人類之所以有壓力反應(yīng),就是為了生存,故不合題意。文章
第二段講到人們把很多事都?xì)w咎于壓力,從輕微的失憶到癡呆,因此這些可能并不
真由壓力導(dǎo)致,而是人們強(qiáng)加的,故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A、Peoplehavebiasoverstress
B、Theupsideofstress,longignoredbuttrue
C、Themechanismofposttraumaticgrowth
D、Stress'sharmtopeople'shealth
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬主旨思想題。做此類題需要整體把握全文的意思。文章第一段用眾
所周知的壓力對人的負(fù)面影響引出文章的主題——壓力的正面影響,而后講到了人
們長期以來都忽略了壓力的正面影響,并在最后一段中指出壓力的積極作用。因此
可知選項(xiàng)B是對文章的完整概括,故正確。
ThestretchofthePacificbetweenHawaiiandCaliforniaisvirtuallyempty.Thereareno
islands,noshippinglanes,nohumanpresenceforthousandsofmiles-justsea,skyand
rubbish.Theprevailingcurrentscauseflotsamfromaroundtheworldtoaccumulateina
vastbecalmedpatchofocean.Inplaces,thereareamillionpiecesofplasticpersquare
kilometre.1hatcanmeanasmuchas112timesmoreplasticthanplankton,thefirstlink
inthemarinefoodchain.Allthisaddsuptoperhaps100mtonnesoffloatinggarbage,
andmoreisarrivingeveryday.Whereverpeoplehavebeen—andsomeplaceswhere
theyhavenot—theyhaveleftwastebehind.Litterlinestheworld'sroads;dumpsdotthe
landscape;slurryandsewagesloshintoriversandstreams.Upabove,thousandsof
fragmentsofdefunctspacecraftcareenthroughspace,andoccasionallymoredebrisis
producedbycollisionssuchastheonethatdestroyedanAmericansatelliteinmid-
Fcbruary.KenNoguchi,amountaineer,estimatesthathehascollectedninetonnesof
rubbishfromtheslopesofMountEverestduringfiveclean-upexpeditions.Thereisstill
plentyleft.TheaverageWesternerproducesover500kgofmunicipalwasteayear—and
thatisonlythemostobviousportionoftherichworld'sdiscards.InBritain,torexample,
municipalwastefromhouseholdsandbusinessesmakesupjust24%ofthetotal.In
addition,bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesgeneratevastquantitiesof
constructionanddemolitiondebris,industrialeffluent,minetailings,sewageresidueand
agriculturalwaste.Extractingenoughgoldtomakeatypicalweddingring,forexample,
cangeneratethreetonnesofminingwaste.Rubbishmaybeuniversal,butitislittle
studiedandpoorlyunderstood.Nobodyknowshowmuchofittheworldgeneratesor
whatitdocswithit.Inmanyrichcountries,andmostpoorones,onlythepatchiestof
recordsarekept.Thatmaybeunderstandable:bydefinition,wasteissomethingitsowner
nolongerwantsortakesmuchinterestin.Ignorancespawnsscares,suchasthefuss
surroundingNewYork'sinfamousgarbagebarge,whichin1987sailedtheAtlanticlor
sixmonthsinsearchofaplacetodumpitsload,givingmanyAmericansthefalse
impressionthattheircountry'slandfillshadrunoutofspace.Italsomakesithardtodraw
upsensiblepolicies:justthinkoftheendlessdebateaboutwhetherrecyclingistheonly
waytosavetheplanet-oranexpensivewasteoftime.
16、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that.
A>alargepartofthePacificdoesn'thaveshippinglanes
B、mostoftherubbishinthePacificcomesfromtheU.S.
C、thefirstlinkofthefoodchainofsealivesonplastic
D>thequantityofrubbishinthePacificincreasesdaybyday
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識點(diǎn)解析:屬信息推斷題。選項(xiàng)A犯了夸大其詞的錯(cuò)誤,文章只是講到從夏威
夷到加州的這段太平洋沒有航道,而不是全部太平洋,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B犯了偷梁
換柱的錯(cuò)誤,盡管夏威夷和加州兩個(gè)地方都屬于美國,但文中講到這部分太平洋的
垃圾來自世界各地,而不只是美國,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C犯了移花接木的錯(cuò)誤,文中
只是指出一些地方的塑料比浮游生物還多,而選項(xiàng)中卻將塑料說成浮游生物的食
物,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D可從第一段末句看出,故正確。
17^Thesecondparagraphmainlydemonstrates.
A、spacegarbage'shazardtowardspeople
B、thatpeopleproducev/asteofallkindswithlargeamount
C^whetherpeopleshouldtakerecyclingintoaccount
D、KenNoguchi'sfiveclcan-upexpeditions
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識點(diǎn)解析;屬信息歸納題。選項(xiàng)A屬于無中生有,第二段并未提及太空垃圾對
人的危害,故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C屬于移花接木,所講內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第五段中,故錯(cuò)誤。
選項(xiàng)D犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤,第二段確實(shí)
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