專題一　題型1　細(xì)節(jié)理解題

四選一閱讀專題一匯報(bào)人：細(xì)節(jié)理解題題型101細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、綜合信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和細(xì)節(jié)排序題等。分析近三年的高考真題可知，直接信息題、間接信息題和綜合信息題為高頻考點(diǎn)，其他皆為低頻考點(diǎn)。設(shè)問(wèn)方式以特殊疑問(wèn)句形式為主，常以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞引出問(wèn)題。直接信息題的答案可以或幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來(lái)，考生可先從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中尋找細(xì)節(jié)。廣告類、活動(dòng)安排類、書(shū)籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等語(yǔ)篇中的直接信息題較多?？枷?直接信息題(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval，winterplanting，andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.21.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam

？設(shè)問(wèn)方向：HabitatRestorationTeam的目的A.Todiscovermineralresources.

B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem. D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.[3]對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和關(guān)鍵句，得出答案：,由關(guān)鍵句可知，HabitatRestorationTeam的目的是恢復(fù)生態(tài)資源、保護(hù)瀕危物種。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵句[1]題干關(guān)鍵詞：專有名詞典例剖析技法歸納A(2024·浙江1月，A片段)“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff，includingthefencepainting，the①graveyard，theislandandthecave.Itis②adaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals，alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”？A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.√即時(shí)演練細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.”可知，本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。故選A。語(yǔ)境猜詞：①graveyard_______②adapt______n.墓地v.改編B(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，A片段)CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassic①viewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthe②breathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.2.WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists.

B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.

D.Historyofthecanyonarea.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中的“Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.”可知，在ArtistPoint的簡(jiǎn)短演講的主題是峽谷地區(qū)的歷史。故選D。語(yǔ)境猜詞：①

viewpoint

____________________②breathtaking

_______________n.觀點(diǎn)，看法；視角adj.令人驚嘆的C(2024·江西九江二模)AcademicSupportMAPHstudentsareprovidedwithacademicguidancefromthemomenttheyarriveoncampus.Mostoftenthissupportcomesfromthefollowingsources：·AllMAPHstudentstake①arequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.·Studentsareplacedingroupsof10－12andworkcloselywithanassigned②post-doctoralInstructionalProfessororTeachingFellowthroughouttheyear.·Overthewinterandspringquarters，MAPHstudentsworkcloselywithafacultymemberwhohasagreedtoserveastheirthesisadvisor.·ThreeMAPHMentors，recentMAPHgraduateswhoworkasstaffmembers，areavailabletomeetwithstudentstodiscusscourseselection.3.WhatkindofsupportisavailableforallMAPHstudents?A.Coursebythedirectoroftheprogram.B.GroupworkwiththeMAPHDirector.C.Adviceonthesiswritinginthefallquarter.D.HelpwithcoursebooksfromMentors.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中關(guān)鍵句“AllMAPHstudentstakearequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.”可知，所有MAPH學(xué)生都能上由MAPH院長(zhǎng)教授的課程。故選A。語(yǔ)境猜詞：①arequiredfallquartercourse______________②post-doctoral___________必修的秋季學(xué)期課程adj.博士后的間接信息題通常不能直接從原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)，但可以找到近義詞、同義詞、派生詞、反義詞等，考生也可以根據(jù)文章的隱含線索，如原因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲得出正確答案。此類題型常在記敘文、說(shuō)明文或議論文中考查?？枷?間接信息題(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B片段)Farber，agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture，anancient

Chinesepractice，andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So，afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears，hebeganofferingthemtopets

.關(guān)鍵句2

[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵句1關(guān)鍵句3

[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞典例剖析25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets？

設(shè)問(wèn)方向：Farber決定給寵物嘗試用針灸療法的原因A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.[1]題干關(guān)鍵詞[3]轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)鍵句，得出答案：由第一個(gè)關(guān)鍵句可知，whenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain可以轉(zhuǎn)換為as(hewas)apatient。由第二和第三個(gè)關(guān)鍵句可知Farber嘗試使用針灸，結(jié)果兩三次治療后就好轉(zhuǎn)了，于是在研究幾年后開(kāi)始給寵物使用。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，B片段)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes，weallhaveourphones，butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well，there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea，atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatis①litupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory，”saysAliciaTrost，thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyoua②receipt-likeshortstory.”即時(shí)演練1.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity. B.Bylength.C.Bytheme. D.Bylanguage.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段第三段中“youcangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory”和“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”可知，自助服務(wù)亭中的故事按長(zhǎng)度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長(zhǎng)度的故事。故選B?！陶Z(yǔ)境猜詞：①lightup________②receipt-like_________照亮，點(diǎn)亮像收據(jù)一樣的B(2024·浙江1月，B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing，Ispreadsome①throwsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorsto②emptythewastepaperbaskets，thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside，butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhada③sparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.2.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.

B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain.

D.Toholdanaudition.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段第二段最后一句“So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.”可知，作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。故選A。語(yǔ)境猜詞：①throw_______②empty______③spare_______n.套，罩v.清空

adj.備用的綜合信息題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個(gè)信息或多段內(nèi)容，且各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厭其煩地認(rèn)真分析、概括和歸納，從而得出正確答案。設(shè)問(wèn)形式如下：Whatcanwelearnabout...fromthe...paragraph(s)？Whatdo...and...haveincommon？Whatsimilar...do...and...have？等?？枷?綜合信息題(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，A)ChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner，experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.典例剖析[2]信息詞Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide，thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at09：00)

StartPoint：ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration：6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard，anexperiencedguide，hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at09：00StartPoint：DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration：5hours[2]信息詞[2]信息詞Walk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at18：30

StartPoint：TheTownHallWalkDuration：3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannish

ForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at11：45StartPoint：KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration：1.5hours[2]信息詞23.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon？

設(shè)問(wèn)方向：四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的共同點(diǎn)A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.[1]題干關(guān)鍵詞[3]綜合概括信息源，得出答案：每一項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的舉辦時(shí)間都是Saturday或Sunday，可以概括為周末。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納A(2023·全國(guó)甲，A片段)NahmOfferingThaifinedining，NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹飪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson，whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename，openedthis①branchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirst②flagshipBangkokrestaurant.Themenuinthisbeautiful③colonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.即時(shí)演練1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs.D.Theyarebasedinhotels.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Nahm部分的最后一句以及IssayaSiameseClub部分的首句可知，Nahm和IssayaSiameseClub的共同之處是它們都有一流的廚師。故選C。語(yǔ)境猜詞：①branch______②flagship_______③colonial________________n.分店

n.旗艦adj.殖民地時(shí)期風(fēng)格的B(2024·四川綿陽(yáng)二模)Ifyou’relookingforanewbooktoread，you’reinluck—everyOctoberseesthemostbookspublishedinasingledayandthisyearitfallsonOctober12.Thesearesomeofthebiggestnewtitlestopickup.·A

Stroke

of

the

PenbyTerryPratchett，priced￡20.Itcontains20shortstorieswrittenintheseventiesandeightiesinthelastcentury.Thisdelightfulcollectionis①inventiveand②engaging，oftenwitha③twistyend.Thecomedicfantasiesthatshapethisbookmakeafunread.·A

Haunting

on

the

HillbyElizabethHand，priced￡16.99.Availablenow.Itisa④readattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.Theshortchapters，complexcharacters，andbeautifullyyetscarilywrittendescriptionsmakethenovelanirresistibleturner.2.WhatdoA

Stroke

of

the

PenandA

Haunting

on

the

Hillhaveincommon?A.Botharerealistic.

B.Botharescary.C.Bothareonsale.

D.Bothhaveasurpriseending.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由A

Stroke

of

the

PenbyTerryPratchett中“Thisdelightfulcollectionisinventiveandengaging，oftenwithatwistyend.”和A

Haunting

on

the

HillbyElizabethHand中“Itisareadattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.”可知，這兩本書(shū)的共同點(diǎn)在于兩者都有出人意料的結(jié)局。故選D?！陶Z(yǔ)境猜詞：①inventive___________②engaging________________

③twisty________④read______adj.有創(chuàng)意的adj.迷人的，吸引人的adj.曲折的

n.讀物數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，計(jì)算量都比較小，容易計(jì)算。但是解答英語(yǔ)閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算題必須要找出文中的隱含信息，這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般出現(xiàn)在廣告類、故事類、科學(xué)知識(shí)類、史地自然類、文化教育類等語(yǔ)篇中。設(shè)問(wèn)方式多是以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問(wèn)詞(組)開(kāi)頭引出問(wèn)題?？枷?數(shù)字計(jì)算題(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)Prices

HandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息典例剖析23.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays？設(shè)問(wèn)方向：租一輛三擋、手剎的自行車兩天的花費(fèi)A.€15.75. B.€19.50.C.€22.75. D.€29.50.[1]題干關(guān)鍵詞:類別和時(shí)長(zhǎng)[3]整合推算，得出答案：第二列與題干中詢問(wèn)的類別一致：三擋、手剎。由倒數(shù)第二行的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)可知，租一天三檔、手剎的自行車費(fèi)用是€14.75；由最后一行的關(guān)鍵信息和數(shù)據(jù)可知，如果多租一天，交€8.00。合計(jì)推算€14.75＋€8.00＝€22.75。故C項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)AGE，SKILLS，WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalse