2025年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)《閱讀理解-主旨大意之文章大意》專項(xiàng)測(cè)試卷帶答案

第頁基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023年遼寧省高三第二次全省統(tǒng)考暨朝陽市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三四?！?/p>

LasFallas,SpainLasFallasisatraditionalcelebrationhonoringSt.Joseph.Itcentersaroundgiantpapermache(紙型)puppetscalledfallas.ThemaineventsrunfromMarch15toMarch19.Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreetsforfulldaystomarktheendofwinterandthebeginningofspring.SongkranFestival,ThailandThethree-daySongkranFestivalisoneofthemostpopularcelebrationsinThailand.Traditionally,Thaisusethistimetocleanandreflect,andpayrespecttoneighbors,familyandtheelderly.Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike.HoliFestival,IndiaThedayafterthefirstfullmoonofMarchmarksthestartofHoli,aHindufestivalwithmanylegendsbehindit.OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.CherryBlossomFestival,JapanEveryspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees.Itisoneofthecountry’smostcherishedtraditions.1．Whatdothefourfestivalshaveincommon?A．Allthefestivalslastfor3days.B．Therearemanystoriesbehindthefestivals.C．Peopleusuallycelebratethefestivaloutdoors.D．Familymembershaveabigpartytocelebratethefestival.2．Ifyouwanttoenjoythebeautyofnature,wherewillyougo?A．Japan. B．Spain. C．India. D．Thailand.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofsomefestivals. B．Thecustomsofsomefestivals.C．Theactivitiesofsomefestivals. D．Theintroductionofsomefestivals.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界各地的四個(gè)節(jié)日。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上進(jìn)行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各個(gè)年齡段的泰國人都在與彼此和游客之間進(jìn)行激烈的水戰(zhàn))”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里節(jié)，朋友、鄰居和陌生人涌上街頭，互相潑灑彩色的水和粉末，慶祝冬天的結(jié)束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當(dāng)奇瑞櫻花節(jié)到來時(shí)，日本人都會(huì)去外面的樹下野餐和聚會(huì)來慶祝)”可知，四個(gè)節(jié)日的共同之處是在戶外進(jìn)行，故選C項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當(dāng)奇瑞櫻花節(jié)到來時(shí)，日本人都會(huì)去外面的樹下野餐和聚會(huì)來慶祝)”可知在日本可以體驗(yàn)到戶外的大自然之美，由此可以推理出，如果你想享受大自然之美，可以選擇日本，故選A項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上進(jìn)行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各個(gè)年齡段的泰國人都在與彼此和游客之間進(jìn)行激烈的水戰(zhàn))”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里節(jié)，朋友、鄰居和陌生人涌上街頭，互相潑灑彩色的水和粉末，慶祝冬天的結(jié)束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當(dāng)奇瑞櫻花節(jié)到來時(shí)，日本人都會(huì)去外面的樹下野餐和聚會(huì)來慶祝)”可知本文是對(duì)世界各地的四個(gè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了介紹，故選D項(xiàng)。2.【2023屆河北省邯鄲市高考三模（保溫卷）】Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?Wrong.Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.Takeflexiblefoodpackages.Thosefilmscontainseverallayersofdifferentplastics.Becauseeachplastichastoberecycledseparately,thosefilmsarenotrecyclable.Thepolypropylene(聚丙烯)inyogurtcupsandotheritemsdoesn’tusuallygetrecycledeither;recyclingahodgepodgeofpolypropyleneproducesadark,smellyplasticthatfewmanufacturerswilluse.OnlytwokindsofplasticarecommonlyrecycledintheUnitedStates:thekindinplasticsodabottles,polyethyleneterephthalate,orPET;andtheplasticfoundinmilkcontainers—high-densitypolyethylene,orHDPE.Together,thoseplasticsmakeuponlyaboutaquarteroftheworld’splastictrash.Andwhenthoseplasticsarerecycled,theyaren’tgoodformuch.Meltingplasticdowntorecyclechangesitsconsistency,soPETfrombottleshastobemixedwithbrand-newplastictomakeasturdyfinalproduct.RecyclingamixofmulticoloredHDPEpiecescreatesadarkplasticgoodonlyformakingproductslikeparkbenchesandwastebins,inwhichpropertieslikecolordon’tmattermuch.Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Lowrecyclingratesaren’tjustaproblemintheUnitedStates.Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.8．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toshowalifestyle. B．Todescribeaphenomenon.C．Tointroduceatopic. D．Tomakeaproposal.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meticulous”meaninparagraph2?A．Painful. B．Forgetful. C．Regretful. D．Mindful.10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Manufacturersdon’twanttouserecycledplastic.B．Thereisanurgentneedtoreduceplasticwaste.C．Moreplasticcanbedealtwithbyburning.D．U.S.istoblamefortheplasticproblem.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thecausesofplasticpollution.B．Thecharacteristicsofdifferentplastics.C．Thewaysthatmostplasticsarerecycled.D．Thereasonswhymanyplasticsarenotrecycled.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．D【文章大意】本文是篇說明文。文章主要講述了將塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何東西是非常困難的，這也是致使許多塑料垃圾無法被回收，最終堆積過多的原因。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.”（回收的感覺真好）和“Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?”（你往那個(gè)藍(lán)色垃圾桶里扔的塑料越多，你就越能避免塑料進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場(chǎng)和海洋，對(duì)吧？）可知，第一段提出了回收塑料有助于減少塑料垃圾的問題；結(jié)合第二段的回答“Wrong.”和“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway...Because...”（無論你在清潔和分類塑料方面多么meticulous，大多數(shù)塑料最終都會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶……因?yàn)椤┛芍挛闹赋鰜泶蟛糠炙芰蠠o法回收的結(jié)果，并在第二段給出了解釋和說明；同時(shí)根據(jù)三、四段主要內(nèi)容可知，文章主要在圍繞塑料可被回收和不可回收的話題展開，故第一段起到了引出話題的作用。故選C。9．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.”（仔細(xì)地把汽水瓶、塑料袋和酸奶杯從其他垃圾中分類出來，會(huì)有一種成就感）可知，人們會(huì)覺得只要很仔細(xì)用心地把塑料分類，就會(huì)有好的效果；結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.”（無論你在清潔和分類塑料方面多么meticulous，大多數(shù)塑料最終都會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶）可知，事實(shí)是大多數(shù)塑料最終會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，無論你怎么仔細(xì)用心分類，故“meticulous”表示“用心的、留心的”。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.”（根據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護(hù)局的數(shù)據(jù)，僅在2018年，美國就填埋了2700萬噸塑料，而回收的塑料僅為300萬噸）和“Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.”（在全世界被丟棄的63億噸塑料中，只有約9%被回收利用，另有12%的垃圾被燒毀，近80%的垃圾堆積在陸地或水道上）可知，目前全世界的塑料垃圾問題很嚴(yán)重，急需減少塑料垃圾。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.”（匹茲堡大學(xué)的化學(xué)工程師EricBeckman說，將塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何東西的困難，是世界上充斥著如此多塑料垃圾的一個(gè)重要原因）及二、三段具體描述的許多塑料不可回收和可回收的原因可知，本文主要講述了為什么許多塑料不可回收的原因。故選D。3.【2023屆山西省金科大聯(lián)考高三四月模擬檢測(cè)】Atreasuretrove(無主埋藏物)ofjewelrywasuncoveredatLaAlmoloya,asiteinMurcia,southeasternSpain.LaAlmoloyawasacentreofpoliticsandwealthintheElArgarterritory,andalthoughthediscoverywasmadein2014,expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure.Theremainsofawoman,alongwithamanwhomayhavebeenherhusbandwerediscoveredinthehillsofthearea.Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.Thepairwerefoundwith30objectscontainingpreciousmetalsandstones.Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter,becausewearandtearonhisbonesndicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.Thewoman,calledthe“PrincessofLaAlmoloya”,wasburiedashorttimeaftertheman.Thegravegoodsofthewomanwereworthtensofthousandsofdollarsintoday’smoney.“Wehavetwowaysofinterpretingthis,”saysRobertoRischoftheAutonomousUniversityofBarcelona“Eitheryousay,it’sthewifeofaking;oryousay,no,she’sapoliticalpersonalitybyherself”Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.ThediscoveryatLaAlmoloyashednewlightonthepoliticsandgenderrelationsinoneofthefirsturbansocietiesoftheWest.28．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Thepairlivedafter1700BC． B．Themanwasburiedafterthewoman.C．Themaybeanimportantperson D．Expertsbegantostudythetrovein2014.29．Whatcanindicatethatthemanwasafighter?A．Injuriesonhisbones. B．Metalsburiedwithhim.C．Thetimehewasburied. D．Horsesnexttohim.30．Whowasregardedasanadultaccordingtothetext?A．Agirlattheageoffour. B．Aseven-year-oldboy.C．Asix-year-oldgirl. D．Aboyattheageofnine.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheidentityofaburiedwomanisnotclearB．ApairwerenewlydiscoveredwithgreattreasureC．Womenmightbelesspowerfulintheancientworld.D．Furtherstudyatanunearthedtroveleadstonewfindings.【答案】28．C29．A30．C31．D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了專家對(duì)位于西班牙東南部已出土的無主埋藏物進(jìn)行了研究，并介紹了埋藏物的情況和由此得出的猜測(cè)。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.(研究人員認(rèn)為，這一埋葬發(fā)生在公元前1700年左右，這名婦女的陪葬品比普通人多得多，這可能暗示了她在她的社區(qū)中的角色)”可知，這個(gè)女人陪葬的寶物比一般人多很多，這可能暗示了她在社會(huì)中的地位。因此可以判斷出，她可能有重要的社會(huì)地位，是一個(gè)重要的人。故選C項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter，becausewearandtearonhisbonesindicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.(專家認(rèn)為，墳?zāi)估锏娜丝赡苁且幻麘?zhàn)士，因?yàn)樗穷^上的磨損表明他花了很多時(shí)間在馬背上)”可知，專家認(rèn)為這個(gè)墓中的男人可能是個(gè)戰(zhàn)士，因?yàn)樗穷^上的損傷暗示了他在馬背上度過了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.(此前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性被視為成年人的年齡要比男孩小得多。例如，陪葬品顯示，年僅六歲的女孩與刀具和工具一起下葬，但男孩在十幾歲時(shí)就會(huì)與這些東西一起下葬)”可知，以前的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了女性被當(dāng)做成年人的年齡比男性要小，比如：六歲女孩的墳?zāi)估锞吐裰逗凸ぞ?，但是十幾歲的男孩墳?zāi)估锊艜?huì)埋這些。由此可見，六歲的女孩就已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作成年人了。故選C項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure(專家們現(xiàn)在正在仔細(xì)研究這一出土寶藏的政治背景)”和全文說明的內(nèi)容可知，專家對(duì)位于西班牙東南部已出土的無主埋藏物進(jìn)行了研究，并介紹了埋藏物的情況和由此得出的猜測(cè)。故選D項(xiàng)。4.【2023屆山西省長(zhǎng)治市部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期三模聯(lián)合考試】MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.HeoffereditforsalethroughAmazon’sself-publishingsectionanditmadeBrettlessthan$100.Whilethatmaynotsoundlikemuch,it’senoughtodrivehimtocreateotherbooksusingthesoftwareAmazonisbyfarthelargestsellerofbothphysicalande-books.IthaswelloverhalfofthesalesintheUnitedStatesandover80percentofthee-bookmarket.Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.Someprofessionalwritersareshowingtheirconcern.“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork,”saidMaryRasenberger,theexecutivedirectoroftheAuthorsGuild,“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).”Noteveryoneisimpressedbythesoftware.MarkDawson,whohassoldmillionsofcopiesofbookshewrotehimselfthroughKindleDirectPublishing,wasquicktocallChatGPT-assistednovelsdull.Dawsonsaidthatqualityisimportantinthebookbusiness.“Itplaysapartinhowbooksarerecommendedtootherreaders.Ifabookgetsbadreviews,it’squicklygoingtosinktothebottom32．WhyisBrettSchicklermentionedinparagraph2?A．TosharethetrickofmakingafortunebywritingB．Tosharehowtocreatee-booksbyusinganAlprogramC．TopredictthedevelopmentofanAIprograminthefutureD．ToshowhowanAlprogramhelpedpeoplewiththeirwriting33．Whatdoweknowaboutthee-booksinAmazon’sKindlestore?A．ManyofthemarerelatedtoAItopicsB．ManyofthemareaccuratelyrecordedbyAIC．SomeofthemarepossiblycreatedbyAID．Manyofthemaremorepopularthanbefore34．WhatdoesMaryRasenbergerworryaboutA．Professionalwriters’lackofinspirationB．ChatGPT’simpactonthepublishingindustryC．Readers’difficultyinfindingtheirfavoritenovelsD．Authors’failuretowritegoodnovelswithoutChatGPT35．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．ChatGPTmightharmoriginalwritingB．TheimpactofChatGPTishugerthanbeforeC．ManypeoplerelyonChatGPTtomakealivingD．ChatGPTisbetterthanhumansintermsofwriting【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．A【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要談?wù)摿巳藗兪褂肅hatGPT產(chǎn)生的不良影響，ChatGPT可能會(huì)損害原創(chuàng)寫作。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.(BrettSchickler從未想過自己會(huì)成為一名出版作家。在了解了ChatGPT人工智能項(xiàng)目后，Brett認(rèn)為他有一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)。使用人工智能軟件，Brett在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)創(chuàng)作了一本30頁的兒童電子書。)”可知，本段提到了BrettSchickler是為了展示人工智能程序是如何幫助人們寫作的。故選D項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.(截至2月中旬，亞馬遜Kindle商店中有超過200本電子書稱ChatGPT是作者或合著者。這個(gè)數(shù)字每天都在上升。但由于ChatGPT的性質(zhì)以及許多作者不愿承認(rèn)他們使用過它，因此不可能全面統(tǒng)計(jì)人工智能可能會(huì)寫多少本書。)”可知，亞馬遜Kindle商店里的電子書有些可能是人工智能創(chuàng)造的。故選C項(xiàng)。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中MaryRasenberger所說“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork.(這是我們真的需要知道的事情，這些書將充斥市場(chǎng)，許多作家將失業(yè)。)”以及“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).(用人工智能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作的能力可能會(huì)把寫書從一門藝術(shù)變成一種商品。)”可知，MaryRasenberger擔(dān)心ChatGPT對(duì)出版業(yè)的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。35．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.(越來越多的人使用ChatGPT創(chuàng)建圖書銷售。盡管迄今為止銷售緩慢，但人類作家擔(dān)心chatgpt創(chuàng)作的書籍可能會(huì)損害寫作和出版行業(yè)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們使用ChatGPT產(chǎn)生的不良影響，ChatGPT可能會(huì)損害原創(chuàng)寫作。故選A項(xiàng)。5.【2023屆重慶市普通高中高三第三次聯(lián)合診斷測(cè)】AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizesandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(擰)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt,“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”O(jiān)therstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages-madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分離)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.28．WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A．Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B．Shewasinterestedinengineering.C．Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D．Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.29．Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A．Workingwithothers.B．Conductingfieldexperiments.C．Understandingothers’feelings.D．Communicatingwithproductusers.30．Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A．Withtheaidofaguidebook.B．Throughtrialanderror.C．Withthehelpofclassmates.D．Underthedetailedinstruction.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aninspiringclass.B．Anexcellentteacher.C．Somescientificmethods.D．Sometalentedstudents.【答案】28．D29．C30．B31．A【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了在CarsonMiddleSchool八年級(jí)的機(jī)械工程課上，學(xué)生們不僅學(xué)會(huì)了通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備的改造使周圍人的生活更加便利，而且還學(xué)會(huì)了站在他人角度去思考，關(guān)心他們的需求。28．推理判斷題。由第一段“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很難打開瓶蓋。幸運(yùn)的是，她在弗吉尼亞州Herndon的Carson中學(xué)的八年級(jí)工程課上找到了解決辦法，該課的任務(wù)是改造現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，使有挑戰(zhàn)的人的日常生活更容易。)”可知，Aasritha要發(fā)明一種新的開瓶裝置是因?yàn)樗霂椭淖婺浮９蔬xD。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(他們還學(xué)會(huì)了從別人的角度看問題)”可知，該課程教會(huì)學(xué)生們理解他人的感受，故選C。30．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.(Bolt不要求學(xué)生一步一步地指導(dǎo)他們創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目，而是讓學(xué)生的創(chuàng)意之路保持開放。)”可知，學(xué)生是通過自主探索、試驗(yàn)來完成創(chuàng)造的，故選B。31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很難打開瓶蓋。幸運(yùn)的是，她在弗吉尼亞州Herndon的Carson中學(xué)的八年級(jí)工程課上找到了解決辦法，該課的任務(wù)是改造現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，使有挑戰(zhàn)的人的日常生活更容易。)”和第三段的“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上運(yùn)用的不僅僅是數(shù)學(xué)、物理和工具技能。他們還學(xué)會(huì)了從別人的角度看問題)”可知，該篇文章主要講述CarsonMiddleSchool八年級(jí)的機(jī)械工程課幫助學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造了一些設(shè)備，同時(shí)教會(huì)學(xué)生從他人角度去思考問題，也就是主要是關(guān)于一堂有啟發(fā)性的課，故選A。6.【2023屆福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高考第三次校模擬】ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D(two-dimensional)laser(激光)scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR(virtualreality).TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機(jī))，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations(振動(dòng))asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.12．WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.B．Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.C．Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.D．Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.13．Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?A．Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.B．ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.C．TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.D．Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.14．Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A．virtualreality B．printingC．painting D．film-making15．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.B．Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.C．Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.D．Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家最近的研究成果，將蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)變成了音樂——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家把蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂。故選A項(xiàng)。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中MarkusBuehler所說“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機(jī))，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.(盡管蜘蛛網(wǎng)看起來很隨機(jī)，實(shí)際上有很多內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，你可以想象他們，你可以觀察他們，但人類的想象力或人腦很難理解所有這些結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)。)”可知，蜘蛛網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，人類難以理解其構(gòu)造。故選D項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.(蜘蛛可以在沒有架子或支撐的情況下織網(wǎng)，所以更好地了解它們是如何工作的，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致先進(jìn)的新型3D打印技術(shù)的發(fā)展。)”可知，研究蜘蛛如何結(jié)網(wǎng)有利于提升打印技術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)變成了音樂——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”等內(nèi)容可知，本文提出了一種新的創(chuàng)造性的方法來研究蜘蛛。故選C項(xiàng)。7.【2024屆山西省大同市高三6月學(xué)情調(diào)研】Ontheeveofthisweek’srailstrikes,itwasreportedthattheindustrybossesareplanningtoweedoutpapertrainticketsandclosealmost1,000stationticketofficesinEngland.Thetransportsecretary,GrantShapps,hasmadenosecretofhisdesiretoseecostssavedinthisway.Somestationssellonlyahandfulofticketseachweekandthevastmajorityoftransactions(交易)havemovedonline.Inthenameofcost-cutting,stationticketofficesarelikelytofollowthetelephoneboothonthecornerandbecomememory.Forthosewhohavegrownusedtothebenefitsoforganizingtravelviasmartphones,therewillbelittletofeelsorryfor.Butforpeoplewithoutonlineaccessorskills,whotendtobeolder,poorer,andmorefragile,anothersocialbarrierwillhavebeenbuilt.Frommedicalappointmentstopaymentappsforparking,moreandmorekeyservicesarenowdelivereddigitally.Asthisrevolutiontakesplace,theinterestsofasignificantminorityarebeingignoredtosomeextent.Inthecaseofhealthandsocialcare,forexample,itwilloftenbethosemostinneedofassistancewhoareleastabletoemployelectronicdevices.Thedebateoverticketofficesoffersanopportunitytoreflectmorebroadlyontheincreasingroleoftechnologyinoursociallandscape.Theunavoidabletrendtowardstechnologyispredictable,butitspossibleconsequencesneedtobemanagedwithmorecare.Withtheexpandingrangeandincreasingcomplexityofdigitalrequirements,theagedaregraduallywithdrawingfromincreasingsocialservicesintheirlives.RosAltmann,theformerpensionsminister,recentlywroteofbeingcontactedbyanelderlywomanwhonolongerdrivestoherlocalpark,becauseshecannotdownloadthecarparkingapprequired.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedinhe