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易錯點17閱讀理解:主旨大意題(大陷阱)-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語考試易錯題(解析版)易錯點17閱讀理解:主旨大意題(大陷阱)-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語考試易錯題(解析版)/易錯點17閱讀理解:主旨大意題(大陷阱)-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語考試易錯題(解析版)易錯點17閱讀理解主旨大意題目錄01易錯陷阱(3大陷阱)02舉一反三【易錯點提醒一】標題類易混易錯點【易錯點提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯點【易錯點提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯點03易錯題通關易錯陷阱1:標題類易混易錯點?!痉治觥繕祟}類是對中心思想的加工和提煉,可以是單詞、短語、也可以是句子。她的特點是短小精悍,多為短語;涵蓋性、精確性強;不能隨意改變語言表達的程度和色彩.如果是短語類選項,考生容易混淆重點,此時應當先劃出選項的關鍵詞。此類題和文章的中心主題句有很大關系。中心主題句一般出現(xiàn)在第一段,有時第一段也可能引出話題,此時應當重點關注第二段和最后一段,看看是否會出現(xiàn)首尾呼應。易錯陷阱2:段落大意類易混易錯點。【分析】每個段落都有一個中心思想,通常會在段落的第一句或最后一句體現(xiàn),這就是段落主題句。如果沒有明顯的主題句時,應當根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括處段落大意。有時考生還會找錯文章對應位置,盲目選詞文中相同的詞句,而出現(xiàn)文不對題的現(xiàn)象。易錯陷阱3:文章大意類易混易錯點.【分析】確定文章主旨的方法是:先看首尾段或各段開頭再看全文找主題句,若無明顯主題句,就通過關鍵詞句來概括。如,議論文中尋找表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞語,記敘文中尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映人物特點的形容詞。文中出現(xiàn)不同觀點時,要牢記作者的觀點彩色體現(xiàn)全文中心的。此時,要注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞,如:but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等?!疽族e點提醒一】標題類易混易錯點【例1】(浙江省義烏五校2023-2024學年高三聯(lián)考試題)Thescientist'sjobistofigureouthowtheworldworks,to“torture(拷問)”Naturetorevealhersecrets,asthe17thcenturyphilosopherFrancisBacondescribedit.Butwhoarethesepeopleinthelabcoats(orsportsjackets,orT-shirtsandjeans)andhowdotheywork?Itturnsoutthatthereisagooddealofmysterysurroundingthemystery-solvers.“Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings—brains,education,cultureetc.thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,”saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.Twovitalingredientsseemtobenecessarytomakeascientist:thecuriositytoseekoutmysteriesandthecreativitytosolvethem.“Scientistsexhibitaheightenedlevelofcuriosity,”readsa2007reportonscientificcreativity?!埃詇eygofurtheranddeeperintobasicquestionsshowingapassionforknowledgeforitsownsake?!盡axPlanck,oneofthefat(yī)hersofquantumphysics,oncesaid,thescientist“musthaveavividandintuitiveimagination,fornewideasarenotgeneratedbydeduction(推論),butbyanartisticallycreativeimagination."..。。..ongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionlesswhilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we’reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,”Allensaid.What(yī)isasuitabletitleforthetext?WhoAreTheMystery—solversB.ScientistsAreNotBornButMadeC.GreatMystery:WhatMakesAScientistD。SolvingMysteries:InsideAScientist'sMind易錯分析:沒有理清第一段和第二段的關系。第一段提出疑問,引出話題,第二段提出文章的中心主題,全文圍繞其展開說明.【答案】C【解析】文章標題.根據(jù)第二段““Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings——brains,education,cultureetc.-thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceat(yī)all,"saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.(印第安納大學的認知科學家ColinAllen說:“最大的謎團之一是,人類究竟是什么——大腦、教育、文化等——使他們能夠從事科學研究?!?”結(jié)合文章主要探討了到底是哪些因素造就了科學家。C選項“偉大的奧秘:是什么造就了科學家”最符合文章標題。故選C.【變式1】(山東省曲阜師范大學附屬中學2023-2024學年質(zhì)量檢測)Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou’reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires-notthat(yī)youcannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.
Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.
Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace。Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.
Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings。Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamburgersandeggswhenyou’rehungry。
Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment。Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary。
MusiclikeMozart’sandBach’sshouldn'tbeabsent。Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthat(yī)spirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.
Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.
What(yī)everroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HouseofLife?B.SecretofWealthC.RestandRefreshment D.InterestandEnthusiasm易錯分析:第一段沒有出現(xiàn)中心主旨句時,慌亂中無中生有,按現(xiàn)實生活去無中生有選擇干擾項.應當重點關注第二段,尾段和其余段落的主題句?!敬鸢浮緼【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了現(xiàn)實生活里很多人物質(zhì)上非常豐富,住豪宅,享美食。但是他們精神上卻是貧窮的,要想得到內(nèi)心的幸福,需要了解藝術(shù),文學,音樂等等不同的內(nèi)容來豐富我們的內(nèi)心世界.文章中多次提到“house”,把生活比喻為“一所房子”,要想幸福,必須在這所房子里填滿藝術(shù)、文學、音樂等精神上的東西。A項“HouseofLife”涵蓋了這些內(nèi)容。故選A項?!咀兪?】(安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考)Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I’mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingontheWorldWideWeb。Andwhetherit'sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwillsurelybeamajorpartofyourchild’slife.So,it’simportanttosecuretheironlinestays。It’snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary。Letthemknowtheycansharetheironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyaspossible,ideallybeforetheybegintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone。Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthemaboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks。Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers’personalspace,ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent。It’shelpfulforkidstohavegroundrulesastowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhattheycanshareonline.Remindthemthatiftheyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneedtoalertanadultimmediately。..。。..Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.What(yī)IsHiddenontheNet??B.HowtoMakeOnlineStays?C。BeaSmarterInternetUser D.KeepYourKidsSafeOnline【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“So,it’simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.(因此,確保他們在網(wǎng)上的安全是很重要的)”及全文,文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子網(wǎng)上活動安全"的幾條建議。由此可知,“KeepYourKidsSafeOnline(保證你的孩子安全上網(wǎng))”作為文章標題最為合適.故選D。【變式3】(福建省泉州科技中學2023年高三試題)Stuckinsidehisroomat(yī)anassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutinpublicwiththeepidemic(疫)。Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountrymusicovertheInternet.“Hello,everybody.It’sabrightdayinTennessee,”hesaidintohismicrophone.“ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufromRoom3325…”.
ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusicheloves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-oldcarefullychooseseachsong。ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs(流行音樂播音員),foranewonlineradiohourknownas“RadioRecliner.”AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaofRadioRecliner.Listenerscansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends。Forexample,listenersmighthearamessagelikethis:“Hey,Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejustwantedtocallinandsayweloveyou?!盩he60-minuteshowstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersinotherstatestakingpartintheproject.Manyjumpedat(yī)thechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocialdistancingrules。MitchBennettservesasLuckie’schiefcreativeofficer。Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseofcommunitytoolderpeople.“Forthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,”Bennettsaid,“Dedicatingasongtosomeoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecialwayofconnecting.”InGeorgia,80—year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhourhespentplayingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfromfamilyandfriends,andmanyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemicB.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJsC.OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemicD.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要講述疫情期間老人們積極參與RadioRecliner成為音樂DJ,通過分享自己喜歡的音樂來擺脫孤獨,以及更多地與朋友和家人聯(lián)系.故B項“受疫情困擾,老年人成為DJ"可以作為本文的最佳標題。故選B?!疽族e點提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯點【例2】(江蘇省徐州市第七中學2023年高三期中試題)AsakidgrowingupinasuburbofLondon。Ilovedtogolookingfortheperfectparkbench。SomeSundaymornings,mydadcouldbepersuadedtodrivetonewparks.We’dhaveakick-aroundwithasoccerball,shareabagofDoritosandcheckoutallthebenchesinthearea,readingthewordsonthem。Thegoodparkbenchleavesmeinastate,somewherebetweennostalgia(懷舊)andeageranticipation.WhereonceIwasexcitedbythewordscarvedonwood,Inowfind,asa10-year—old,thatI’mmoreappreciativeofeachbench’squietstoicism(坦然淡定),thewaytheyarewillingtowaitouttheirturnineveryweather,remainingavailabletoall—comers.Likeagoodbookorpieceofmusic,aparkbenchallowsforasenseofsolitude(獨處)andcommunityatthesametime,whichiscrucialtolifeinagreatcity。Partofmyobsessionwithparkbenchesisasspaceswherehistorysettles.Byplantingseedsofcuriosity,andmakingspaceforreflection,parkbenchesbecomedoorstothepast.Maybethat’sthegreat(yī)estpoweroftheparkbench:itscapacityencouragestheartofobservation.Agoodbenchcatchesusinourquietest,mostvulnerable(脆弱的)moments,whenwemaybeopentoimaginingnewnarrativesandrevisitingoldones.Ourmasksaretakenoff,hungfromthebench'swroughtiron.Onothernearbybenches,babiesarebeingburped。Glancesexchanged。Sandwicheseaten.Newspapersreadit.....。.Whichaspectofparkbenchesdoesparagraph3focuson?A.Design。?B。History.?C.Locat(yī)ion.?D.Power.易錯分析:容易出現(xiàn)文不對題,找錯位置。同時對文中長句不會分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),曲解文意,提煉關鍵詞錯誤.【答案】D【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Byplantingseedsofcuriosity,andmakingspaceforreflection,parkbenchesbecomedoorstothepast。Maybethat'sthegreatestpoweroftheparkbench:itscapacityencouragestheartofobservation.Agoodbenchcatchesusinourquietest,mostvulnerable(脆弱的)moments,whenwemaybeopentoimaginingnewnanauvesandrevisitingoldones.(通過播下好奇心的種子,為反思提供空間,公園長椅成為通往過去的大門。也許這就是公園長凳最大的力量:它的性能促進了觀察的藝術(shù)。一張好的長凳能在我們最安靜、最脆弱的時刻抓住我們,這時我們可能會想象新的納米機器人,并重溫舊的納米機器人.)”可知,第三段主要講的是長凳的力量,故選D?!咀兪剑薄?重慶市第八中學2023-2024學年高考適應性試題)TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregonsouthwestthroughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfromwhichthey—andothers—drawsustenance(生計)。Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing(合法化)thetribe’slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared。.。...。Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoflegalization. B.ThetraditionofYuroktribe.C.Thereasonbehindthelegalization. D.TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing(合法化)thetribe’slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamat(yī)h,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared.(但是,隨著開發(fā)和污染不斷減少河中魚類的數(shù)量,以及河水的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量,尤洛克部落通過授予克拉馬斯河人格權(quán)利,將部落長期以來的照顧合法化,這是北美第一條宣布擁有這種權(quán)利的河流)”可知,隨著開發(fā)和污染的持續(xù),尤洛克部落將部落長期以來的照顧合法化,由此可知,本段主要講述了這一舉措的背景.故選C項?!咀兪剑病浚ńK省決勝新高考2023-2024學年高三10月大聯(lián)考)Theterm“beergoggles”issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudentsinthe1980s.Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcoholintoxication(醉酒)andphysicalattractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytorat(yī)etheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,bothmenweregivenenoughcranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrat(yī)iontoabout0.08%-thelegallimitfordrivinginEngland—andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholicdrink。Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment。..Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A。Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.B。TheprocessofBowdring'sexperiment。C.Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.D.Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness。易錯分析:缺乏對段落主題句在首句的關注度,長難句結(jié)構(gòu)劃分容易出錯,故而引起曲解文意。【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題.根據(jù)第二段中的“ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytoratetheat(yī)tractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.(匹茲堡大學的鮑德林教授邀請了18對男性朋友進入實驗室,讓他們對照片和視頻中男性和女性的吸引力進行打分。)”可知,ProfBowdring讓研究對象進入實驗室開始進行研究,結(jié)合下文中介紹別讓這些研究對象一部分喝含有酒精的飲料和另一部分喝不含酒精的飲料,以及“Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.(在提供了照片的吸引力評級后,他們被要求在這些人中選擇他們在未來的實驗中最愿意與之互動的人.)”可知,給他們提供照片的吸引力評級后,讓他們選擇在未來實驗中最愿意與之互動的人,綜合以上信息可知,第二段講述的是研究的過程。故選B項?!咀兪?】(廣東省珠海市第三中學2023年高三試題)......Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday。Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays。Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit。。...。.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.B.Thesourceoftheauthor’sstressduringofficehours.C。Thechangeoftheauthor’sattitudetotakingholidays。D.Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday。Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice。Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone。Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn’tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit。(在我20多歲的時候,當時我?guī)缀蹩偸翘幱诮箲]的狀態(tài),我從來沒有去度假.我害怕坐飛機,害怕老板注意到我不在辦公室生活會好得多。我原以為不去度假會讓我更努力工作,但實際上不度假只會讓我更累。然后,一位老板把我拉到一邊,告訴我他不會因為我不休假而感謝我.然后我和一個朋友訂了一個便宜的海灘度假,我真的很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)我感覺好多了。)”可知,第四段主要講述了作者對于度假的態(tài)度的改變。故選C?!疽族e點提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯點【例3】(江蘇省徐州市第七中學2023年高三期中試題)Newbio—plasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceusefulchemicals.Butthebio—plasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossilfuel-basedplastics。Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwithplastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern。Theworldhasproduced8bntonsofplasticsincethe1950sanddemandisstillrising.Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingincarbonemissionsthatdriveclimat(yī)echange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefromplant-basedmat(yī)erialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbedfromtheairastheygrew。Bio-plasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegrade(生物降解)intheenvironment,althoughtheycanbemadeverylong-lastingifrequired?!癙lasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives,”saidPaulMines,CEOofBiomeTechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspentt5minthelastfiveyearsonbio—plasticsresearch?!癇utwecan’tgoonusingfossilfuel-basedmaterials。About6-7%ofeverybarrel(桶)ofoilisusedtomakeplastics?!薄癠singplantmat(yī)erialsisfeasible,”saidprofessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork?!癛eplacinghalfofthenation’splasticbottlescouldbedoneusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheatstrawor2。5%offoodwaste,"hesaid.Currently,justafewthousandtonsofbio-plasticareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedtomillionsoftonsofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonsinthenextfiveyears.。。.。..Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A。Plasticsarcnecessaryindailylife。B。Oilisthesourceoftheworld’splastic。C.Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry. D.Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.易錯分析:未關注首段,不重視文章中心主題句的總結(jié)?!敬鸢浮緿【解析】主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章第一段“Newbio-plasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.(實驗室正在用稻草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料,研究人員的目標是取代石油成為世界塑料的來源)”并結(jié)合全文可知,文章主要介紹了研究者們正在研究生物塑料。故選D.【變式1】(福建省福州高級中學2023-2024學年高三10月試題)AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren’sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyinpatients。Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(醫(yī)學影像)procedures?!埃模鮮ingtheexaminationchildrendon’tmove。Itworksperfectly。It'samazing,"saidJohanneL’Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital。TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉)。AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical—imagingdepartmentofthechildren’shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety..。。。..Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A。Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis。C.Anintroductionofmedical—imagingtechnology.D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren’sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(醫(yī)學影像)procedures。(蒙特利爾兒童醫(yī)院的一個試驗項目表明催眠技術(shù)的使用可以減輕病人的痛苦和焦慮。一位法國醫(yī)學影像技術(shù)專家——也是一位催眠師被邀請到兒童醫(yī)院的醫(yī)學影像部門培訓幾位員工。)”可知,全文主要講述催眠技術(shù)在醫(yī)學影像程序中的應用.故選D?!咀兪剑病浚ǎ?23年全國高三專練)Inpreviousrecessions(經(jīng)濟衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreat(yī)Recession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsat(yī)thestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact。Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy..。。...Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates。B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic。C。Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore."(但在2020年的冠狀病毒衰退中,大多數(shù)億萬富翁比以往任何時候都更富有。)可知,文章主要是講最富有的人在疫情中也變得越來越富有。故選B。【變式3】(2022年江蘇高三??迹蘨ghtpollutionisasignificantbutoverlookeddriveroftherapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,accordingtothemostcomprehensivereviewofthescientificevidencetodate。Artificiallightat(yī)nightcanaffecteveryaspectofinsects'lives,theresearcherssaid。"Westronglybelieveartificiallightatnight-incombinationwithhabitatloss,chemicalpollution。invasive(入侵的)species,andclimatechange—isdrivinginsectdeclines,"thescientistsconcludedafterassessingmorethan150studies.Insectpopulationcollapseshavebeenreportedaroundtheworld,andthefirstglobalscientificreviewpublishedinFebruary,saidwidespreaddeclinesthreatenedtocausea"catastrophiccollapseofnature'secosystems”.Therearethoughttobemillionsofinsectspecies,moststillunknowntoscience,andabouthalfareactiveatnight.Thoseactiveinthedaymayalsobedisturbedbylightatnightwhentheyareat(yī)rest。Themostfamiliarimpactoflightpollutionismoths(飛蛾)flappingaroundabulb,mistakingitforthemoon。Someinsectsusethepolarisationoflighttofindthewatertheyneedtobreed,aslightwaveslineupafterreflectingfromasmoothsurface.Butartificiallightcanscupper(使泡湯)this。Insectsareimportantprey(獵物)formanyspecies,butlightpollutioncantipthebalanceinfavourofthepredat(yī)orifittrapsinsectsaroundlights。Suchincreasesinpredat(yī)ionriskwerelikelytocausetherapidextinctionofaffectedspecies,theresearcherssaid。Theresearcherssaidmosthuman-causedthreat(yī)stoinsectshaveanaloguesinnature,suchasclimatechangeandinvasivespecies。Butlightpollutionisparticularlyhardforinsectstodealwith。However,unlikeotherdriversofdecline,lightpollutionisrelativelyeasytoprevent。Simplyturningofflightsthatarenotneededisthemostobviousaction,hesaid,whilemakinglightsmotion-activatedalsocutslightpollution.Shadinglightssoonlytheareaneededislitupisimportant.Itisthesamewithavoidingblue—whitelights,whichinterferewithdailyrhythms.LEDlightsalsoofferhopeastheycanbeeasilytunedtoavoidharmfulcoloursandflickerrates.Whatisdiscussedinthepassage?A.Causesofdeclininginsectpopulations.B.Consequencesofinsectpopulationcollapses。C。Lightpollution:thekeybringerofinsectdeclines。D.Insectdeclines:thedriverofthecollapsedecosystem.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。由文章總領段第一段“Lightpollutionisasignificantbutoverlookeddriveroftherapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,accordingtothemostcomprehensivereviewofthescientificevidencetodate。(根據(jù)對迄今為止的科學證據(jù)進行的最全面的回顧,光污染是昆蟲數(shù)量迅速下降的一個重要但被忽視的驅(qū)動因素)”,結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容主要圍繞介紹光污染對昆蟲減少的影響展開可知,本文主要討論昆蟲數(shù)量下降的原因。故選C項。(2023年新高考I卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhat(yī)hascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimat(yī)escouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimat(yī)e,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate。Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelat(yī)edordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown..。.。。.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.?B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C。Thecausesofpeople’serrors。?D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment?!敬鸢浮緽【解析】主旨大意題.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthat(yī)whenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimat(yī)e,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimat(yī)e.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent。Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown。(這種效應利用了這樣一個事實,即當人們犯錯誤時,這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估,或者低估。當這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時,它們會相互抵消,從而產(chǎn)生更準確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤,那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說,群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因,人們的錯誤變得相關或依賴,估計的準確性就會下降)”可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的,各不相同的誤差平均在一起,相互抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準確的估計,討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準確的預測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B.(2023年高考浙江卷)AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals。Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven'tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil?!埃樱飈arprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy."InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low—impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲)。Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU。S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelat(yī)edtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowt
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