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A第04講閱讀理解之議論文(講義)

目錄

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向

二考情分析中考閱讀理解議論文考情分析

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

2.推理判斷題

閱讀議論文的

三3.詞義猜測題

考向

4.主旨大意題

5.提升必考題型歸納

四真題感悟中考閱讀議論文經(jīng)典考題精選

【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

【考情分析】

閱讀理解議論文命題規(guī)律

議論文往往有觀點,有事實,邏輯性強,命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或

作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手,考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下

文猜詞的能力,或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀

理解一樣,可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。

【名師解難】

議論文一般有論點、論據(jù)和論證三個要*.3是議論文的核心,是作者對所論述事件的基本看法和立場;

是文章要表達(dá)的主要思想;找準(zhǔn)論點有助干把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵。論據(jù)是作者

所引用的用以證明和支持論點的材料,這些材料可以是名人名言、事實例證,或是統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等,理清論據(jù)

材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點的含義。k證方法多種多樣,常見的有1.歸納法,即從分析

個別事例入手,找出事物的共同特點,從而得出結(jié)論;2.演繹法,即從一般原理出發(fā),對個別事物進(jìn)行說明、

分析后得出結(jié)論;3.比較對照法,即對所有事實、方面進(jìn)行對照,找出異同之處,然后加以分析,得出結(jié)論;

4.駁論法,即先列出錯誤的觀點,然后加以逐條批駁,反證自己觀點的正確性。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解:細(xì)節(jié)理解題在中考閱讀理解試題中所占比例最大,不過相對來說較簡單,通過題干的關(guān)鍵詞,

在文中找到相關(guān)信息,仔細(xì)對比,就能得出答案。k正確選項特征為:I同義替換、語言簡化、正話反說等。

2.主旨大意:主要考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力,以概括中心大意、段落大意、選擇標(biāo)題及

判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。其正確選項特征為:涵蓋性強,覆蓋全文或全段;確定的范圍恰當(dāng),既不

太大,也不太??;精確性強,不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者觀點:站在作者的角度,通過邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié),推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章寓意的能力;一般不

出現(xiàn)絕對概念。

4.詞義猜測:考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力,

而這些詞或詞組往往超出考綱范圍。一般利用上下文線索、語法知識、上下文邏輯、構(gòu)詞法和常識等手段。

4議論文答題技巧

.夯基-必備基礎(chǔ)知識梳理

一、重視文章標(biāo)題,找準(zhǔn)全文主題句,把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題,審視標(biāo)題,有利于理解全文,提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么,也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難,但其框架一般都很清晰,多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu),交替使用正面和反面的

論證方式。通常,先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點;其次,正面陳述、反面論證;最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度,再次總結(jié)

文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末,在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯,也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章,注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外,細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題,它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時

間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序),圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形),正誤題(依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷)。對這種題型,無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式,立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚,但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法,即先看試題,再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位,再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對比,有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項,選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維,題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞,

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性,提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇,掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時,對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷,站在作者的視角,而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象,從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句,段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接,承上啟下,使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間

順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章,必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,

把握全篇的文脈,即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定:

讀者知道什么,不知道什么,讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等,然后

設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的"潛臺詞”。因此,這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測,揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖,運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義,從而正確理解作者的言外之意,同時認(rèn)真體會文章的語

氣與感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背,擴(kuò)大詞匯量,掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛,體裁多樣,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義,甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大,有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題,一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量,二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法,如:利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系;利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系;利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法;利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu);利用前后對比或因果推理法等。

總之,想要提高閱讀能力,尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀,學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)方法,優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略,提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

.提升-必考題型歸納

(一)

(2023?安徽?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)

Noonewantstoworkatamessy(凌舌L的)deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?

Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.

Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit

helpsthemfocus(專注)moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters

canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput

awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe

desktop.

Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.

Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment

(實驗)donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas

aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,“Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire(激發(fā))peopletothinkup

freshideas.”

Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe

agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand

tidy.

1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?

A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.

C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.

2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?

A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.

B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.

C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.

D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?

B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?

C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?

D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?

(2023?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)

Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact(影響)ontheworld.

FullRizerRed(《?黃江紅》),oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled

thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield(屈月艮)tothetraitor(叛徒)QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina's

history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern

SongDynasty.

Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.

Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde(逆行的)

heroes.Theymakeapositive(積極的)differenceintheworld.

Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid

greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,

theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa

personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.

Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.

Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto

helpthem.

Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other

peoplecandependonthem.

Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?

4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?

A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative(消極的)difference.

C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“admire“meaninthisarticle?

A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.

6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?

A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.

B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.

C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.

D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.

7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?

A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.

B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.

D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.

(2023?陜西西安???寄M預(yù)測)

Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized什比評)fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?

Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience

fromcriticism.

Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks

downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou

areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.

Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions

throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof

beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback(負(fù)面回饋)intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe

followingquestions:

?Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?

?HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?

Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's

nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople

whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.

9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.

10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?

A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.

B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.

C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.

D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.

11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?

A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.

B.Hethinksitisabadthing.

C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.

D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.

(2023?重慶沙坪壩?重慶南開中學(xué)??级#?/p>

Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor(專業(yè))youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto

arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But

33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.

FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes

bringmanyunseenadvantages.acIfIhadnoacademic(學(xué)術(shù)的)trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,

Iwouldn,thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship(實習(xí))inaleadingbank,“FutoldthereporterfromChina

YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake

themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.

However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After

gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor——Chinese.

“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she

hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob.""Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent

incomes(收入),“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.

Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto

ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal

developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,9,Chusaid.

12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.

A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity

B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank

C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses

D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?

A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.

B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.

C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.

D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.

14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.

A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity

B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable

C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity

D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity

15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions

(2023?四川瀘州?統(tǒng)考二模)

Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe

PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged

nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.

Changingrelationships:

HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.t4It

makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor

girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm

talkingtobyFaceTime,9,Kaplansaid.

Wantingtobe"liked":

Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill

announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad

gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem(自尊).

Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik

Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌).

Openingnewdoors:

However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial

mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow

themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.

ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction(讓人分心的事).“Socialmediaisnotall

necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^

16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?

A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.

B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.

C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.

D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.

17.Theunderlinedword“comments“meansinthepassage.

A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders

18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?

A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.

B.Ithelpshermakefriends.

C.Ithurtsherseriously.

D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.

19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?

A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.

B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.

C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.

D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.

20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.

B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.

C.Howteenagersbenefit(受益)fromsocialmedia.

D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.

(2023?安徽宿州?統(tǒng)考二模)

HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot

anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning(克?。﹖echnology.

DasuanisChina'sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe

cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells(細(xì)胞)fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo(胚月臺).Thentheyputitintoacat

mother.

Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the

world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore

difficulttoclone.

However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,

theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike

Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance

butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI

andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.

Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren,tashealthyasnaturallybornpets.Theymayliveshorterlives.

Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed

homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.

21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto(指的是)?

A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.

23.Whatisthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthetext?

A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.

C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?

(2023?江西九江?統(tǒng)考二模)

ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto

pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

Justlookattheidioms(習(xí)語)andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof"boilingadead

pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and

""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.

Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe

InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare“mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.

Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat

themwellandthosewhodon't.

Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin

2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe

cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin

China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps

failing,heisneverdefeated.

"Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency(效率)andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,

andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,

KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing."Hehasaheartofgold.^^Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin

mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence(純真).

24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?

A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.

B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.

C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.

D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"defeated“inParagraph4mean?

A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged

28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.

B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.

D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.

(2023.福建廈門.福建省廈門第六中學(xué)??级#?/p>

MydadgavemeapieceofadvicewhenIwasaknow-it-allteenager.Hesaid,"Neversayinangerwhatyou

don'tmean,becauseyoucansayyou'resorry,butyoucan'ttakeitback.Ithasthepoweroflifeanddeath."That

meansourwordscaneitherspeakoflife,orcanspeakofdeath.

Wemayallexperiencethepowerofwordsinourlife,evenwhenwewereveryyoung.Achildiscriticizedby

teachersorparentsforbadgrades,andafterthat,hemightprobablythinkofhimselfasastupidchild.Mostofus

havethatexperience.Theysayitisimportanttopraisechildrenfourtimesforeachnegativeword.Criticizingwill

makethingsworse,whilepositivewordsarehelpfulespeciallywhensomeoneisintroubleorinneed.Whenwe

failtheexam,encouragingwordsfromourteachersorparentsmakeusworkharderatourlessons.Encouraging

wordscangoquitealongway.Theycheerpeopleup.Forexample,encouragingwordstosomeonewhoissadcan

helphimmakeitthroughtheday.Wordscanhaveapowerfuleffectonyourbrain.Anditwillhaveagreat

influenceonyouraction,too.

Everythingyoudodependsonwhatyouchoosetodo.Ifsnotyourparents,yourpastrelationshipsoryourjob,

butit'syouwhoareresponsibleforeverygoalyouset.Ifyouhavedreamsinlife,writethemdownandspeakthem

out.Yourwordsarelikelytobringyououtsomethingamazing.Sohowdowedealwithourtonguelater?

29.Theunderlinedword'inParagraph1refersto"

A.ourangerB.thewriter'sadvice

C.whatyousayD.ourexperience

30.Afterbeingcriticizedforbadgrades,Mikemaythink_____.

A.heisnotsmartB.theteacherisunfair

C.thepaperistoodifficultD.hewillbelucky

31.Whatdoesastudentneedthemostwhenintrouble?

A.Somesafetytips.B.Someusefulpractice.

C.Negativewords.D.Positivewords.

32.Whatcanhaveapositiveeffectonaperson'sbrain?

A.Failinganexam.B.Encouragingwords.

C.Criticizingwords.D.Easylessons.

33.Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A.howtocoolourselvesB.howtopraisechildren

C.theexperienceofthewriterD.thepowerofwords

(2023?浙江紹興?校聯(lián)考三模)

Wetakeselfies(自拍)whenwetryonanewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwe

haven'tseeninawhile.Butdoesthiscrazyactuallymakesense?Isthereanyscientificexplanationforit?

Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)atUniversityCollegeLondon.

Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatreadingandtellingotherpeople'sfacesandfacialexpressions.However,

accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflooking

atthem-wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.

Thishasbeenprovedinsomestudiesinwhichpeoplewereshownphotosofthemselvesandaskedtomatch

theirfacialexpressionsinthepictures.Inmostcases,theyfailedtocorrectlyproducethesamefacialexpressions

withoutbeingabletoseethemselvesinthemirror,accordingtoBBC.

Tofurthertesthowweactuallysenseourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.Heshowedpeopletwo

kindsoftheirownpictures-onehadbeenedited(編輯)tolooklessbeautifulandtheonewasmademore

beautiful-andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.Kilnerfoundthatmost

peoplechosethemorebeautifulpicture.Thissuggeststhatweusuallythinkofourselvesasbetter-lookingthanwe

actuallyare.

Butwhatdoesitsayaboutselfies?Well,isn'tthatclear?Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphoto-by

takingitfromdifferentangles(角度),withdifferentposes,usingfilters(濾鏡)andsoon——thatbettermatchesour

expectationswithouractualfaces.

“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon'thaveintherealworld.^^KilnertoldtheCanada-based

CTANews."Selfiesallowyoutokeeptakingpicturesuntilyoumanagetotakeoneyou'rehappywith”,he

explained.

34.Howdoesthewriterleadinthetopic"selfie“inParagraph1?

A.Byaskingquestions.B.Bycomparingfacts.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byexplainingreasons.

35.WecanlearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3thatpeopleare.

A.proudofthephotosoftheirown

B.abletoremembertheirownfaceseasily

C.moreinterestedintheirfacesinthemirror

D.goodatunderstandingothersbytheirfaces

36.AccordingtoKilner,takingselfies.

A.helpspeopletoimprovetheirskillsoftakingphotos

B.meetspeople'sneedstoknowtheirownfacesbetter

C.makespeoplepossibletoreachtheirexpectation

D.offerspeopleawaytocontroltheworld

37.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhatIstheSelfiesB.WhyDoYouTakeSelfies

C.HowCanWeTakeSelfies

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