中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之議論文（講義）（原卷版）

A第04講閱讀理解之議論文（講義）

目錄

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向

二考情分析中考閱讀理解議論文考情分析

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

2.推理判斷題

閱讀議論文的

三3.詞義猜測題

考向

4.主旨大意題

5.提升必考題型歸納

四真題感悟中考閱讀議論文經(jīng)典考題精選

【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

【考情分析】

閱讀理解議論文命題規(guī)律

議論文往往有觀點，有事實，邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或

作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下

文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀

理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。

【名師解難】

議論文一般有論點、論據(jù)和論證三個要*.3是議論文的核心，是作者對所論述事件的基本看法和立場；

是文章要表達(dá)的主要思想；找準(zhǔn)論點有助干把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵。論據(jù)是作者

所引用的用以證明和支持論點的材料，這些材料可以是名人名言、事實例證，或是統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等，理清論據(jù)

材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點的含義。k證方法多種多樣，常見的有1.歸納法，即從分析

個別事例入手，找出事物的共同特點，從而得出結(jié)論；2.演繹法，即從一般原理出發(fā)，對個別事物進(jìn)行說明、

分析后得出結(jié)論；3.比較對照法，即對所有事實、方面進(jìn)行對照，找出異同之處，然后加以分析，得出結(jié)論；

4.駁論法，即先列出錯誤的觀點，然后加以逐條批駁，反證自己觀點的正確性。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題在中考閱讀理解試題中所占比例最大，不過相對來說較簡單，通過題干的關(guān)鍵詞，

在文中找到相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對比，就能得出答案。k正確選項特征為：I同義替換、語言簡化、正話反說等。

2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、選擇標(biāo)題及

判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。其正確選項特征為：涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段；確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不

太大，也不太??；精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者觀點：站在作者的角度，通過邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不

出現(xiàn)絕對概念。

4.詞義猜測：考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，

而這些詞或詞組往往超出考綱范圍。一般利用上下文線索、語法知識、上下文邏輯、構(gòu)詞法和常識等手段。

4議論文答題技巧

.夯基-必備基礎(chǔ)知識梳理

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的

論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)

文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時

間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形），正誤題（依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對比，有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞,

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間

順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，

把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：

讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后

設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的"潛臺詞”。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測，揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖，運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時認(rèn)真體會文章的語

氣與感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對比或因果推理法等。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

.提升-必考題型歸納

（一）

（2023?安徽?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）

Noonewantstoworkatamessy（凌舌L的）deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?

Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.

Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit

helpsthemfocus（專注）moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters

canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput

awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe

desktop.

Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.

Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment

（實驗）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas

aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,“Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire（激發(fā)）peopletothinkup

freshideas.”

Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe

agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand

tidy.

1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?

A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.

C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.

2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?

A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.

B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.

C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.

D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?

B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?

C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?

D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?

（2023?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）

Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact（影響）ontheworld.

FullRizerRed（《?黃江紅》）,oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled

thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield（屈月艮）tothetraitor（叛徒）QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina's

history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern

SongDynasty.

Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.

Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde（逆行的）

heroes.Theymakeapositive（積極的）differenceintheworld.

Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid

greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,

theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa

personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.

Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.

Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto

helpthem.

Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other

peoplecandependonthem.

Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?

4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?

A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative（消極的）difference.

C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“admire“meaninthisarticle?

A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.

6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?

A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.

B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.

C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.

D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.

7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?

A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.

B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.

D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.

（2023?陜西西安??？寄M預(yù)測）

Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized什比評）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?

Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience

fromcriticism.

Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks

downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou

areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.

Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions

throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof

beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback（負(fù)面回饋）intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe

followingquestions:

?Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?

?HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?

Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's

nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople

whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.

9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.

10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?

A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.

B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.

C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.

D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.

11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?

A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.

B.Hethinksitisabadthing.

C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.

D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.

（2023?重慶沙坪壩?重慶南開中學(xué)?？级＃?/p>

Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor（專業(yè)）youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto

arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But

33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.

FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes

bringmanyunseenadvantages.acIfIhadnoacademic（學(xué)術(shù)的）trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,

Iwouldn,thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship（實習(xí)）inaleadingbank,“FutoldthereporterfromChina

YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake

themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.

However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After

gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor——Chinese.

“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she

hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob.""Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent

incomes（收入）,“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.

Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto

ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal

developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,9,Chusaid.

12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.

A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity

B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank

C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses

D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?

A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.

B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.

C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.

D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.

14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.

A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity

B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable

C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity

D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity

15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions

（2023?四川瀘州?統(tǒng)考二模）

Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe

PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged

nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.

Changingrelationships:

HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.t4It

makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor

girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm

talkingtobyFaceTime,9,Kaplansaid.

Wantingtobe"liked":

Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill

announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad

gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.

Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik

Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying（網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌）.

Openingnewdoors:

However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial

mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow

themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.

ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction（讓人分心的事）.“Socialmediaisnotall

necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^

16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?

A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.

B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.

C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.

D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.

17.Theunderlinedword“comments“meansinthepassage.

A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders

18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?

A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.

B.Ithelpshermakefriends.

C.Ithurtsherseriously.

D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.

19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?

A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.

B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.

C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.

D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.

20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.

B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.

C.Howteenagersbenefit（受益）fromsocialmedia.

D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.

（2023?安徽宿州?統(tǒng)考二模）

HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot

anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning（克?。﹖echnology.

DasuanisChina'sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe

cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells（細(xì)胞）fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo（胚月臺）.Thentheyputitintoacat

mother.

Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the

world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore

difficulttoclone.

However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,

theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike

Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance

butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI

andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.

Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren,tashealthyasnaturallybornpets.Theymayliveshorterlives.

Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed

homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.

21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto（指的是）?

A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.

23.Whatisthebesttitle（標(biāo)題）forthetext?

A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.

C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?

（2023?江西九江?統(tǒng)考二模）

ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto

pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

Justlookattheidioms（習(xí)語）andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof"boilingadead

pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and

""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.

Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe

InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare“mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.

Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat

themwellandthosewhodon't.

Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin

2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe

cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin

China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps

failing,heisneverdefeated.

"Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency（效率）andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,

andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,

KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing."Hehasaheartofgold.^^Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin

mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence（純真）.

24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?

A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.

B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.

C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.

D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"defeated“inParagraph4mean?

A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged

28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.

B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.

D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.

（2023.福建廈門.福建省廈門第六中學(xué)?？级＃?/p>

MydadgavemeapieceofadvicewhenIwasaknow-it-allteenager.Hesaid,"Neversayinangerwhatyou

don'tmean,becauseyoucansayyou'resorry,butyoucan'ttakeitback.Ithasthepoweroflifeanddeath."That

meansourwordscaneitherspeakoflife,orcanspeakofdeath.

Wemayallexperiencethepowerofwordsinourlife,evenwhenwewereveryyoung.Achildiscriticizedby

teachersorparentsforbadgrades,andafterthat,hemightprobablythinkofhimselfasastupidchild.Mostofus

havethatexperience.Theysayitisimportanttopraisechildrenfourtimesforeachnegativeword.Criticizingwill

makethingsworse,whilepositivewordsarehelpfulespeciallywhensomeoneisintroubleorinneed.Whenwe

failtheexam,encouragingwordsfromourteachersorparentsmakeusworkharderatourlessons.Encouraging

wordscangoquitealongway.Theycheerpeopleup.Forexample,encouragingwordstosomeonewhoissadcan

helphimmakeitthroughtheday.Wordscanhaveapowerfuleffectonyourbrain.Anditwillhaveagreat

influenceonyouraction,too.

Everythingyoudodependsonwhatyouchoosetodo.Ifsnotyourparents,yourpastrelationshipsoryourjob,

butit'syouwhoareresponsibleforeverygoalyouset.Ifyouhavedreamsinlife,writethemdownandspeakthem

out.Yourwordsarelikelytobringyououtsomethingamazing.Sohowdowedealwithourtonguelater?

29.Theunderlinedword'inParagraph1refersto"

A.ourangerB.thewriter'sadvice

C.whatyousayD.ourexperience

30.Afterbeingcriticizedforbadgrades,Mikemaythink_____.

A.heisnotsmartB.theteacherisunfair

C.thepaperistoodifficultD.hewillbelucky

31.Whatdoesastudentneedthemostwhenintrouble?

A.Somesafetytips.B.Someusefulpractice.

C.Negativewords.D.Positivewords.

32.Whatcanhaveapositiveeffectonaperson'sbrain?

A.Failinganexam.B.Encouragingwords.

C.Criticizingwords.D.Easylessons.

33.Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A.howtocoolourselvesB.howtopraisechildren

C.theexperienceofthewriterD.thepowerofwords

（2023?浙江紹興?校聯(lián)考三模）

Wetakeselfies（自拍）whenwetryonanewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwe

haven'tseeninawhile.Butdoesthiscrazyactuallymakesense?Isthereanyscientificexplanationforit?

Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）atUniversityCollegeLondon.

Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatreadingandtellingotherpeople'sfacesandfacialexpressions.However,

accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflooking

atthem-wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.

Thishasbeenprovedinsomestudiesinwhichpeoplewereshownphotosofthemselvesandaskedtomatch

theirfacialexpressionsinthepictures.Inmostcases,theyfailedtocorrectlyproducethesamefacialexpressions

withoutbeingabletoseethemselvesinthemirror,accordingtoBBC.

Tofurthertesthowweactuallysenseourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.Heshowedpeopletwo

kindsoftheirownpictures-onehadbeenedited（編輯）tolooklessbeautifulandtheonewasmademore

beautiful-andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.Kilnerfoundthatmost

peoplechosethemorebeautifulpicture.Thissuggeststhatweusuallythinkofourselvesasbetter-lookingthanwe

actuallyare.

Butwhatdoesitsayaboutselfies?Well,isn'tthatclear?Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphoto-by

takingitfromdifferentangles（角度），withdifferentposes,usingfilters（濾鏡）andsoon——thatbettermatchesour

expectationswithouractualfaces.

“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon'thaveintherealworld.^^KilnertoldtheCanada-based

CTANews."Selfiesallowyoutokeeptakingpicturesuntilyoumanagetotakeoneyou'rehappywith”,he

explained.

34.Howdoesthewriterleadinthetopic"selfie“inParagraph1?

A.Byaskingquestions.B.Bycomparingfacts.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byexplainingreasons.

35.WecanlearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3thatpeopleare.

A.proudofthephotosoftheirown

B.abletoremembertheirownfaceseasily

C.moreinterestedintheirfacesinthemirror

D.goodatunderstandingothersbytheirfaces

36.AccordingtoKilner,takingselfies.

A.helpspeopletoimprovetheirskillsoftakingphotos

B.meetspeople'sneedstoknowtheirownfacesbetter

C.makespeoplepossibletoreachtheirexpectation

D.offerspeopleawaytocontroltheworld

37.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhatIstheSelfiesB.WhyDoYouTakeSelfies

C.HowCanWeTakeSelfies