2024-2025學(xué)年浙江省嘉興市高二上學(xué)期期末測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省嘉興市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A1956:DartmouthworkshopOfficiallyknownastheDartmouthSummerResearchProjectonArtificialIntelligence,thisconferenceheldatDartmouthCollegeiswidelyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofAIasafield.Asmallteamofscientistscoinedthetermartificialintelligencefortheeventandsetthecourseforfuturethinkingandresearchonthetechnology.1997:DeepBlueIBM’sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputersystemtodefeataworldchesschampioninastandardtournamentmatch.DeepBlue'sunderlyingtechnologyadvancedtheabilityofsupercomputerstotacklecomplexcalculations(運(yùn)算).2019:GPT-2WhilemanymajortechcompaniesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofAI,itwasthepublicationofthen-little-knownOpenAI’sGenerativePre-trainedTransformer2thatshowedthepowerofnaturallanguageprocessing.Abletoworkoutthenextiteminasequence,itcouldperformtaskssuchassummarizingandtranslatingtext.2022:ChatGPTThechatbotChatGPT,releasedinlate2022,wasbuiltonalargelanguagemodel—andintroducedgenerativeAIpropertothewiderworld.Itsreleasesparkedanewphaseofrapiddevelopment,andgenerativeAIquicklybegantotransformeveryaspectofbusinessandourlives.What’snextforAI?ExpertssayweshouldexpectinteractiveAIthatcaninstructothersoftwaretocarryouttasksforyou,AImakingnewscientificdiscoveries,andmodelsthatunderstandthephysicalworld,remember,reasonandplan.21.WhywastheDartmouthworkshopimportant?A.ItsetthepathforfuturestudiesonAI. B.ItledtoAI’svictoryoverhumanbeings.C.ItsolvedthechallengesindevelopingAI. D.ItshowedtheworldthefirstAIprogram.22.WhendidAIfirstdefeataworldchesschampion?A.In1956. B.In1997. C.In2019. D.In2022.23.WhatdotheexpertssayaboutAIinthefuture?A.Itfocusesonnaturallanguageprocessing. B.Itcanpromotebreakthroughsinmanyfields.C.Itwillreplacehumanbeingsinproblemsolving. D.Itdependsonthedevelopmentofothersoftware.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了AI的發(fā)展史。【21題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“OfficiallyknownastheDartmouthSummerResearchProjectonArtificialIntelligence,thisconferenceheldatDartmouthCollegeiswidelyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofAIasafield. Asmallteamofscientistscoinedthetermartificialintelligencefortheeventandsetthecourseforfuturethinkingandresearchonthetechnology.(在達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院舉行的這次會(huì)議正式被稱(chēng)為達(dá)特茅斯夏季研究項(xiàng)目，被廣泛認(rèn)為是AI的發(fā)源地。一小群科學(xué)家為這一事件創(chuàng)造了“人工智能”一詞，并為未來(lái)的技術(shù)思考和研究設(shè)定了方向)”可知，達(dá)特茅斯研討會(huì)被認(rèn)為是AI的發(fā)源地，且在會(huì)議上提出了“人工智能”一詞，這為未來(lái)的技術(shù)思考和研究設(shè)定了方向，由此可推知，達(dá)特茅斯研討會(huì)很重要的原因是它為未來(lái)的AI研究指明了道路。故選A。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)1997:DeepBlue部分中的“IBM’sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputersystemtodefeataworldchesschampioninastandardtournamentmatch.(IBM’sDeepBlue成為第一個(gè)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錦標(biāo)賽中擊敗世界象棋冠軍的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng))”可知，AI于1997年首次擊敗世界國(guó)際象棋冠軍，故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ExpertssayweshouldexpectinteractiveAIthatcaninstructothersoftwaretocarryouttasksforyou,AImakingnewscientificdiscoveries,andmodelsthatunderstandthephysicalworld,remember,reasonandplan.(專(zhuān)家表示，我們應(yīng)該期待能夠與其他軟件互動(dòng)以執(zhí)行任務(wù)的AI，能夠進(jìn)行新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的AI，以及能夠理解物理世界、記憶推理和規(guī)劃的模型)”可知，專(zhuān)家表示，未來(lái)AI能夠理解物理世界、記憶推理和規(guī)劃的模型，這說(shuō)明未來(lái)AI可以促進(jìn)許多領(lǐng)域的突破。故選B。BMcGriffwasinhersecondyearofuniversitywhenshereadHalftheSky,whichexaminestheunfairtreatmentofwomenindevelopingcountries.Shewasshockedtolearnthat129milliongirlsworldwidedonothaveaccesstoschool.“Inmuchoftheworld,womenandgirlsareresponsibleforhouseholdduties,”saidMcGriff,“It’sseenthatgirlswon’teverbeputtingtheireducationtouse.”Additionally,manypoorfamiliescan’taffordgirls’tuitionfees,schoolsuppliesanduniforms(校服).Yet,studieshaveshownthatprovidingfreeuniformscanreducedropoutratesby16%andabsenteeismbymorethan35%.ThissimplesolutiontookrootinMcGriff’smindandstartedherjourneyhelpinggirlstransformtheirlives.Asshetookanentrepreneurship(創(chuàng)業(yè))class,shewastaskedwithcreatingabusinessornonprofitforaclassproject,whichremindedheroftheideaoftheschooluniform.Soonshedevelopedanidea.Afterconductingfieldresearch,McGriffreturnedhome,presentedhereducationprojectatentrepreneurshipcompetitionsandwon$35,000instartupfund.Eventuallysheestablishedhernonprofit,StyleHerEmpowered(SHE),tobringhervisiontolife.Thatfirstyear,thegrouphiredlocaltailorsandprovideduniformsandschoolfeesfor65girls.Buttheysoonranintoaproblem—thestudentswereoutgrowingquickly.Toaddressthis,McGriff’steam,togetherwithlocaltailorsandstudents,designedaninnovative“growinguniform”whichcouldbeadjustedtofitagirlforuptothreeyears,accommodatingsixdifferentsizes.Today,SHEservesgirlsin20ruralvillagesinsouthernTogo,providing1,500girlsayearwithfreeuniforms,schoolfees,supplies,tutoring,andmuchmore.Onceenrolled,studentsreceiveweeklytutoring.Asaresult,SHE’sstudentsconsistentlypasstheirexamsathigherratesthanthenationalaverage.“Ourstudentshaveincreasedtheirperformanceinschooldramatically,”McGriffsaid.“Ifgiventheopportunity,theyshine.”24.Whatcontributestogirls’highdropoutratesaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Financialdifficulty. B.Familyconflict.C.Academicperformance. D.Schoolarrangement.25.WhendidMcGriffstarthernonprofitorganization?A.Aftersheanalyzedthedataofstudies. B.Whenshelearnedaboutgirls’dropoutrates.C.Whenshewonentrepreneurshipcompetitions. D.Aftershereadabookongirls’unfairtreatment.26.HowdidSHEsettletheissueofuniformsforgirls?A.Byhiringfamouslocaltailors. B.Bycreatingadjustableuniforms.C.Byprovidinguniformsofvarioussizes. D.Byincreasingtheschooluniformbudget.27.WhydoesthewritermentiontheschoolperformanceofSHE’sstudents?A.Tohighlighttheirhardwork. B.TosuggestthepopularityofSHE.C.Toindicatetheirfurtherdevelopment. D.ToshowtheeffectivenessofSHE’spractice.【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了McGriff受《半邊天》這本書(shū)啟發(fā)，看到女孩受教育難的現(xiàn)狀，通過(guò)創(chuàng)業(yè)比賽獲得資金成立非營(yíng)利組織SHE，為女孩提供免費(fèi)校服等幫助，還解決了校服適配問(wèn)題?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Additionally,manypoorfamiliescan’taffordgirls’tuitionfees,schoolsuppliesanduniforms(校服).(此外，許多貧困家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不起女孩的學(xué)費(fèi)、學(xué)習(xí)用品和校服)”可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)困難導(dǎo)致很多家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不起女孩上學(xué)的費(fèi)用，這是導(dǎo)致女孩高輟學(xué)率的原因。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Afterconductingfieldresearch,McGriffreturnedhome,presentedhereducationprojectatentrepreneurshipcompetitionsandwon$35,000instartupfund.Eventuallysheestablishedhernonprofit,StyleHerEmpowered(SHE),tobringhervisiontolife.(在進(jìn)行了實(shí)地研究后，McGriff回到家鄉(xiāng)，在創(chuàng)業(yè)比賽中展示了她的教育項(xiàng)目，并贏得了3.5萬(wàn)美元的啟動(dòng)資金。最終，她成立了非營(yíng)利組織StyleHerEmpowered(SHE)，將她的愿景變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，McGriff是在贏得創(chuàng)業(yè)比賽后成立了她的非營(yíng)利組織。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Toaddressthis,McGriff’steam,togetherwithlocaltailorsandstudents,designedaninnovative“growinguniform”whichcouldbeadjustedtofitagirlforuptothreeyears,accommodatingsixdifferentsizes.(為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，McGriff的團(tuán)隊(duì)與當(dāng)?shù)夭每p和學(xué)生一起，設(shè)計(jì)了一種創(chuàng)新的“成長(zhǎng)校服”，這種校服可以調(diào)整尺寸，讓一個(gè)女孩穿長(zhǎng)達(dá)三年，適合六種不同的尺碼)”可知，SHE通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)可調(diào)節(jié)的校服解決了女孩校服的問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asaresult,SHE’sstudentsconsistentlypasstheirexamsathigherratesthanthenationalaverage.“Ourstudentshaveincreasedtheirperformanceinschooldramatically,”McGriffsaid.“Ifgiventheopportunity,theyshine.”(結(jié)果，SHE的學(xué)生考試通過(guò)率一直高于全國(guó)平均水平。McGriff說(shuō)：“我們的學(xué)生在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)有了顯著提高。如果給他們機(jī)會(huì)，他們會(huì)大放異彩?！?”可推知，作者提到SHE學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)，是為了展示SHE的做法是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。CInanagewhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsarefrequentlyquestioned,somepsychologistshavepresentedasolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.Doingsoinlimitedcircumstances,andwithcarefuloversightandeducation,canhelpchildrengainthetoolsthey’llneedtotellfactfromfalsehoodonline,saidEvanOrticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley’sDepartmentofPsychology.“Childrenarebornwithskepticismc(質(zhì)疑)andtheycanadapttheirlevelofskepticismaccordingtothequalityofinformationthey’veseenbeforeinadigitalcontext,”O(jiān)rticiosaid.“Theycanusetheirexpectationsofhowthisdigitalenvironmentworkstomakereasonableadjustmentstohowmuchtheytrustordistrustinformation.”MinorsencounterhealthmisinformationwithinminutesofcreatingaTikTokaccount.EvenplatformsintendedforyoungaudienceslikeYouTubeKidshavebecomespacesformisinformation.That’saparticularproblembecauseparentsmayhavetheimpressionthatthesearesafeplacestheirkidscanexplore.Thatmaygiveafalsesenseofsecurityandallowfalsehoodsandproblematiccontenttogouncheckedandbetakenastrueandacceptable.Soencounteringmisinformationwhenchildrensurfonlineisunavoidable.Ifchildrenhavesomeexperienceworkingincontrolledbutimperfectenvironmentswheretheyareconstantlyencounteringthingsthataren’tquiteright,andweshowthemtheprocessforfiguringoutwhatisactuallytrueandnot,thatwillsetthemupwiththeexpectationtobemorecritical.Orticiosaid,“Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey’reseeing.”It’snotthatweneedtoenhancetheirskepticism.It’sthatweneedtogivethemtheabilitytousethatskepticismtotheiradvantage.28.Whyshouldchildrenbeexposedtomoremisinformationonline?A.Tomaintaintheirlevelofskepticism. B.Tohelpthemadjusttomisinformation.C.Toequipthemwithfact-checkingskills. D.Tolowertheirexpectationsofinformation.29.Whatmistakedoparentsprobablymakeaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Gatheringfalseinformationonline. B.Creatingonlineaccountsfortheirkids.C.Robbingtheirkidsofasenseofsecurity. D.Takingimperfectplatformsforsafeplaces.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sanitize”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Adaptto. B.Relyon. C.Figureout. D.Cleanup.31.Whatshouldparentsoffertohelpchildrenexploretheonlineworld?A.Properguidance. B.Gooddigitalresources.C.Preventionstrategies. D.LimitedInternetaccess.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章講述在網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息泛濫的時(shí)代，一些心理學(xué)家建議讓孩子適當(dāng)接觸虛假信息，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)給予指導(dǎo)，幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)辨別網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息真假。【28題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Doingsoinlimitedcircumstances,andwithcarefuloversightandeducation,canhelpchildrengainthetoolsthey’llneedtotellfactfromfalsehoodonline,saidEvanOrticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley’sDepartmentofPsychology.(加州大學(xué)伯克利分校心理學(xué)系的博士生EvanOrticio說(shuō)，在有限的情況下，并在仔細(xì)的監(jiān)督和教育下這樣做，可以幫助孩子們獲得他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上辨別真假所需的工具)”可知，讓孩子們接觸更多網(wǎng)絡(luò)錯(cuò)誤信息是為了使他們具備核實(shí)事實(shí)的技能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“That’saparticularproblembecauseparentsmayhavetheimpressionthatthesearesafeplacestheirkidscanexplore.(這是一個(gè)特別的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榧议L(zhǎng)們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得這些是他們孩子可以探索的安全地方)”可知，家長(zhǎng)可能犯的錯(cuò)誤是把不完美的平臺(tái)當(dāng)作安全的地方。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey’reseeing.(與其試圖sanitize他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，父母應(yīng)該和他們的孩子討論如何核實(shí)信息，并談?wù)撍麄兯吹降膬?nèi)容)”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這里是說(shuō)與其清理網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，不如教孩子辨別，所以sanitize意思是“清理，凈化”，與Cleanup意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey’reseeing.”It’snotthatweneedtoenhancetheirskepticism.It’sthatweneedtogivethemtheabilitytousethatskepticismtotheiradvantage.(“與其試圖凈化他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，父母應(yīng)該和他們的孩子討論如何核實(shí)信息，并談?wù)撍麄兯吹降膬?nèi)容?！边@并不是說(shuō)我們需要加強(qiáng)他們的懷疑。而是我們需要讓他們有能力利用這種懷疑主義)”可知，父母應(yīng)該為孩子探索網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界提供適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)。故選A項(xiàng)。DGettingintoargumentswithstrangersonlineorfamilymembersatthedinnertablecanfeelabitlikedebatingwithabrickwall.Weareprobablyallguilty(有過(guò)失的)offeelinglikeweareright,evenifwedon’thaveallthefacts.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“illusionofinformationadequacy(IOIA)”.“Interpersonalconflictisontherise,drivingincreasesinanger,anxiety,andgeneralstress,”saysAngusFletcher,aresearcherattheOhioStateUniversity.“Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced.”Inthestudy,theteamsurveyed1,261Americansonline.Alltheparticipantsreadanarticleaboutanimaginaryschoolwithwatershortage.Grouponereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsformerging(合并)withanotherschoolthathasbetterwater.Grouptworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem.Groupthreewasthecontrolgroupthatreadbothsetsofthearguments.Theyfoundthemajorityofthefirsttwogroupsbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtodecidewhattodo.Theysaidtheywouldfollowtherecommendationsinthearticletheyreadandthoughtotherswouldmakethesamedecision.About55percentofthecontrolgrouprecommendedtheschoolsmerge.TheteamcallsthisbeliefIOIA.Fletcherdescribesitas,“Thelessourbrainknows,themoreconfidentitisthatitknowsallitneedstoknow.Thismakesusleaptoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments,whenwemissnecessaryinformation.”Theteamalsofoundsomewerewillingtochangetheirminds—oncetheyhadallthefacts.Timingalsoplaysarole.Thepeopleinthestudychangedtheiropinionsthatwererecentlyformed,notlong-heldbeliefs.AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystoreduceIOIAwhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistostopandask,“IstheresomethingI'mmissingthatwouldhelpmeunderstandtheirpositionbetter?”Thiscanhelpreduceunnecessaryinterpersonalconflict.32.WhatwasthemaingoalofFletcher’sresearch?A.Tofindwaystoimprovedebateskills. B.Toidentifytypesofinformationsources.C.Toexplainwhyitisnecessarytosticktofacts. D.Toexplorehowtominimizemisunderstandings.33.WhydidparticipantsinGrouponeandtwotendtohaveIOIA?A.Theyhelddeep-rootedbeliefs. B.Theyreceivedalotoffalseinformation.C.Theywereexposedtoone-sidedarguments. D.Theywereworriedabouttheschool’ssituation.34.WhatdoesFletchersuggesttofightIOIA?A.Establishinginterpersonalbonds. B.Seekingtobridgetheinformationgap.C.Encouragingotherstoseethebigpicture. D.Stressingtheweaknessesinothers’positions.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyDoPeopleInsistTheyAreCorrect? B.DoesInterpersonalConflictLeadtoStress?C.CanConversationsAffectWhatWeBelieve? D.WhatContributestoSensibleDecision-making?【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在與別人爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)，我們總認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為“信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)”(IOIA)。文章主要介紹了我們有信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)的原因。【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Fletcher所說(shuō)的話““Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced.”(“我們想探討這些誤解，并看看如何減少它們。”)”可知，F(xiàn)letcher的研究是主要是為了探索如何最大程度地減少誤解。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthestudy,theteamsurveyed1,261Americansonline.Alltheparticipantsreadanarticleaboutanimaginaryschoolwithwatershortage.Grouponereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsformergingwithanotherschoolthathasbetterwater.Grouptworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem.

(在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在網(wǎng)上調(diào)查了1261名美國(guó)人。所有參與者都閱讀了一篇關(guān)于一所缺水學(xué)校的虛構(gòu)報(bào)道。第一組閱讀的報(bào)道只給出了與另一所有更好水源的學(xué)校合并的理由。第二組閱讀的報(bào)道只給出了學(xué)校保持獨(dú)立并希望找到其他的方法的理由。)”可知，第一組和第二組所閱讀的報(bào)道給出的理由都是單方面的，所以第一組和第二組的參與者傾向于有信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)（IOIA）。故選C。【34題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystoreduceIOIAwhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistostopandask,“IstheresomethingI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeunderstandtheirpositionbetter?”Thiscanhelpreduceunnecessaryinterpersonalconflict.(根據(jù)弗萊徹的說(shuō)法，當(dāng)與他人意見(jiàn)不同時(shí)，減少I(mǎi)OIA的最好方法之一是停下來(lái)問(wèn)自己：“我是不是漏掉了什么導(dǎo)致我無(wú)法更好地理解他們的立場(chǎng)？”這可以幫助減少不必要的沖突。)”可知，F(xiàn)letcher建議，要想應(yīng)對(duì)信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)（IOIA），你應(yīng)該問(wèn)自己是不是漏掉了什么導(dǎo)致自己無(wú)法更好地理解他們的立場(chǎng)，這說(shuō)明要努力彌補(bǔ)信息差，由此可推知，F(xiàn)letcher建議要通過(guò)彌補(bǔ)信息差來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)IOIA，故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Gettingintoargumentswithstrangersonlineorfamilymembersatthedinnertablecanfeelabitlikedebatingwithabrickwall.Weareprobablyallguiltyoffeelinglikeweareright,evenifwedon’thaveallthefacts.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“illusionofinformationadequacy

(IOIA)”.(在網(wǎng)上與陌生人或在晚餐桌上與家人爭(zhēng)吵，感覺(jué)就像在和一堵磚墻辯論。我們可能都犯過(guò)這樣的錯(cuò)誤，自己是對(duì)的，即使我們沒(méi)有掌握所有的事實(shí)。這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為“信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)”(IOIA)。)”和第二段中““Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced.”(“我們想探討這些誤解，并看看如何減少它們?！?”可知，在與別人爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)，我們總認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為“信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)”(IOIA)。文章主要介紹了我們有信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)的原因，A項(xiàng)“為什么人們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的？”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThewordforSamoanstosayhelloisTalofa.___36___Itdependsonwhothey’respeakingwithandtheformalityofthesituation.Intheolddays,Samoansgreetedeachotherbytouchingforeheadsandnosestogether.ThepracticewaswidelydiscontinuedaftertheSpanishinfluenzapandemic(流行病)wipedoutaround20percentofourpopulation.___37___Now,whataboutthelanguagethatSamoansusetogreetpeople?TalofaistheofficialwordforhelloinSamoan.___38___ThatisSi-o’u-alofa,whichliterallymeans:mylove,buttheunspokenunderstandingbehinditisthatI’mofferingmylovetothepersonI’maddressing.Sobasically,Talofameansmyloveisforyou.AnothergreetingexpressionisUa’esau,whichconfusedmewhenIfirstheardit.ButIsoonlearnedthatit’ssocommonandsoverySamoan.Whenyoushowupsomewhere,it’sperfectlynaturalforaSamoantoask,“Ua’esau?”___39___Anyoneoutsideourculturemightthink,“Uhh,canyounotseethatIamhere,andIhavearrived?”Actually,it’sjustawayforthegreetertoacknowledgeyouarenowintheirpresence.AlsoI’venoticedthatifyourarrivalisunexpected,thisquestionisabeautifullysubtle(微妙的)wayofaskingwhyyouarehere.___40___A.Itmeans,“Haveyouarrived?”B.Buttheyuseafewothergreetingsaswell.C.RememberitnexttimeaSamoanasksyou,“Ua’esau?”D.Theymightwonderwhyyoubothertoasksuchaquestion.E.Itcomesfromanoldergreetingpackedwithbeautifulmeaning.F.SoweshouldpracticesomeofSamoa’smostcommongreetingwords.G.Thesedays,Samoansliketogreeteachotherwithasinglekissonthecheek.【答案】36.B37.G38.E39.A40.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了薩摩亞人打招呼的一些方式?！?6題詳析】上文“ThewordforSamoanstosayhellois

Talofa.

(薩摩亞人說(shuō)你好是Talofa。)”指出薩摩亞人打招呼的會(huì)說(shuō)Talofa，下文“Itdependsonwhothey’respeakingwithandtheformalityofthesituation.(這取決于他們與誰(shuí)交談以及情況的正式程度)”指出薩摩亞人與誰(shuí)交談以及情況的正式程度也會(huì)決定他們的打招呼方式，由此可知，薩摩亞人應(yīng)該有不同的打招呼方式，B項(xiàng)“但他們也使用其他幾種問(wèn)候語(yǔ)?！狈希蔬xB?！?7題詳析】上文“Intheolddays,Samoansgreetedeachotherbytouchingforeheadsandnosestogether.ThepracticewaswidelydiscontinuedaftertheSpanishinfluenzapandemic(流行病)wipedoutaround20percentofourpopulation.(在過(guò)去，薩摩亞人通過(guò)額頭和鼻子相觸來(lái)互相問(wèn)候。在西班牙流感大流行奪去了我們大約20%的人口，這種做法被廣泛停止了)”指出流感使得薩摩亞人改變了原來(lái)的打招呼方式，空處承接上文，指出他們改變后的打招呼方式，G項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在，薩摩亞人喜歡在臉頰上單吻互相打招呼?！狈?，故選G?！?8題詳析】下文“Thatis

Si-o’u-alofa,whichliterallymeans:mylove,buttheunspokenunderstandingbehinditisthatI’mofferingmylovetothepersonI’maddressing.(那是Si-o’u-alofa，字面意思是：我的愛(ài)，但其背后的言外之意是我將我的愛(ài)獻(xiàn)給我打招呼的人)”解釋了Talofa的來(lái)源，E項(xiàng)“它來(lái)自一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)美好意義的古老問(wèn)候?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，引出下文，故選E?！?9題詳析】上文“Whenyoushowupsomewhere,it’sperfectlynaturalforaSamoantoask,“Ua’esau?

”(當(dāng)你出現(xiàn)在某個(gè)地方時(shí)，薩摩亞人問(wèn)“Ua’esau?

”是很自然的)”指出使用“Ua’esau?

”的具體情境，即當(dāng)你出現(xiàn)在某個(gè)地方時(shí)，空處承接上文，具體解釋“Ua’esau?”這一表達(dá)的意思，A項(xiàng)“這意味著，‘你到了嗎？’”符合，故選A。【40題詳析】上文“Actually,it’sjustawayforthegreetertoacknowledgeyouarenowintheirpresence.AlsoI’venoticedthatifyourarrivalisunexpected,thisquestionisabeautifullysubtle(微妙的)wayofaskingwhyyouarehere.

(其實(shí)，這只是主人表示歡迎的一種方式，也是他們確認(rèn)你已經(jīng)到達(dá)的一種方式。我還注意到，如果你的到訪是出乎意料，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是一種非常巧妙的方式在問(wèn)你為什么來(lái)這里)”解釋了人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)用Ua’esau?，即這是一種表示歡迎的方式，空處承接上文，指出我們應(yīng)該了解這種方式，以免理解錯(cuò)了，C項(xiàng)“下次有薩摩亞人問(wèn)你“Ua’esau?”時(shí)，記得它?！狈?，故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ManuelVera,aretireeinSilverSpring,hadnoideahiseffortswouldgothisfar.Atfirst,he___41___soughttohelphisneighborsstayphysicallyactivebyofferingto___42___theirbikesforfree.Allheaskedwasthecostofnewparts.Later,hestartedthinkingabouttheunusedbikespeoplehadathomeand___43___neighborstodonatethosecollecting___44___intheirbasements.SilverSpring,aWashington,D.C.,suburbofabout80,000,isa___45___communitybringingtogetherfamilies,youngprofessionals,retireeslikeVera,andalargecommunityofimmigrantsandrefugees(難民)___46___tomakethisplacehome.Veratunes(調(diào)整)upthedonatedbikesand___47___themtoparks,foodbanks,andapartmentcomplexes.HecampsoutwithhisFreeBikessignandwaitsforpeopletowanderover.Thenhe___48___peoplewiththeperfectnewrideandwatchesthemrideawayhappy.Hisinitial___49___sawsixbikesgoinunder30minutes.Inadditiontotheadultsandkidshe___50___athisFreeBikesevents,customerscomefromlocalresettlementagenciesandothernonprofits.Thegroups___51___informationincludingtheheight,genderandageofa___52___,andVeradeliversafittingbicycletotheirdoor.He’shappytomakethe___53___.NowneighborsknowhimastheBikeDude,andtheykeephimbusywitha___54___supplyofbikes,helmetsandlocks.Sofar,morethan700SilverSpringershavenewwheelstotakethemanywheretheirfeetcan___55___,thankstothebig-heartedBikeDude.41.A.simply B.naturally C.immediately D.certainly42.A.wash B.mend C.keep D.recycle43.A.agreedwith B.arrangedfor C.dependedon D.appealedto44.A.dust B.attention C.energy D.information45.A.secure B.lively C.diverse D.friendly46.A.careful B.eager C.ambitious D.proud47.A.sells B.lends C.donates D.transports48.A.pairs B.connects C.mixes D.compares49.A.repair B.sale C.giveaway D.experiment50.A.invites B.encounters C.hires D.comforts51.A.confirm B.spread C.provide D.process52.A.donor B.professional C.volunteer D.rider53.A.trip B.decision C.choice D.fortune54.A.flexible B.steady C.limited D.fixed55.A.kick B.walk C.pedal D.move【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.C50.B51.C52.D53.A54.B55.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是退休的ManuelVera把人們不用的自行車(chē)修好后免費(fèi)送給需要的人們的故事?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他只是想幫助鄰居們保持體力活動(dòng)，提供免費(fèi)修理他們的自行車(chē)。A.simply僅僅，只；B.naturally自然地；C.immediately立即；D.certainly當(dāng)然。根據(jù)上一句“ManuelVera,aretireeinSilverSpring,hadnoideahiseffortswouldgothisfar.(ManuelVera是SilverSpring的一名退休人員，他沒(méi)想到自己的努力會(huì)走到這么遠(yuǎn)。)”和下文的“soughttohelphisneighborsstayphysicallyactive”可知，起初，ManuelVera只是想幫助鄰居們保持體力活動(dòng)，所以他沒(méi)想到自己的努力會(huì)走到這么遠(yuǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他只是想幫助鄰居們保持體力活動(dòng)，提供免費(fèi)修理他們的自行車(chē)。A.wash清洗；B.mend修理；C.keep保持；D.recycle回收。根據(jù)下文的“Allheaskedwasthecostofnewparts.(他只收取新零件的費(fèi)用)”可知，他是為鄰居修理自行車(chē)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：后來(lái)，他開(kāi)始考慮人們家里閑置的自行車(chē)，并呼吁鄰居捐贈(zèng)那些在地下室收集灰塵的自行車(chē)。A.agreewith同意；B.arrangefor安排；C.dependedon取決于；D.appealedto上訴；呼吁。根據(jù)下文的donate可知，此處指的是呼吁人們捐贈(zèng)閑置的自行車(chē)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)，他開(kāi)始考慮人們家里閑置的自行車(chē)，并呼吁鄰居捐贈(zèng)那些在地下室積滿(mǎn)灰塵自行車(chē)。A.dust灰塵；B.attention注意力；C.energy能量；D.information信息。根據(jù)上文的“unusedbikes”和下文的“intheirbasement”可知，在地下室閑置的自行車(chē)肯定會(huì)積滿(mǎn)灰塵。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：SilverSpring位于華盛頓特區(qū)的郊區(qū)，擁有約8萬(wàn)人口，是一個(gè)多元化的社區(qū)，聚集了家庭、年輕的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士、像Vera這樣的退休人員，以及渴望在這里安家的移民和難民。A.secure安全的；B.lively活潑的；C.diverse多樣化的；不同的；D.friendly友好的。根據(jù)下文的“bringingtogetherfamilies,youngprofessionals,retireeslikeVera,andalargecommunityofimmigrantsandrefugees”可知，SilverSpring聚集了許多層次和行業(yè)的人，是一個(gè)多元化的社區(qū)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：SilverSpring位于華盛頓特區(qū)的郊區(qū)，擁有約8萬(wàn)人口，是一個(gè)多元化的社區(qū)，聚集了家庭、年輕的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士、像Vera這樣的退休人員，以及渴望在這里安家的移民和難民。A.careful謹(jǐn)慎的；B.eager渴望的；C.ambitious雄心勃勃的；D.proud驕傲的。根據(jù)上文的“immigrantsandrefugees”可知，移民和難民肯定是渴望有地方安家，安頓下來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：維拉調(diào)整捐贈(zèng)的自行車(chē)，并將它們運(yùn)送到公園、食品銀行和公寓大樓。A.sells出售；B.lends借出；C.donates捐贈(zèng)；D.transports運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送。根據(jù)空格后的“parks,foodbanks,andapartmentcomplexes”和下一句“HecampsoutwithhisFreeBikessignandwaitsforpeopletowanderover.”可知，他是把修好的自行車(chē)運(yùn)到公園、食品銀行和公寓大樓，等人們經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)送給需要的人，而不是出售或借出給這些地方。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他把人們和完美的新騎乘配對(duì)，看著他們快樂(lè)地騎走。A.pairs把……配對(duì)；B.connects連接；C.mixes混合；D.compares比較。根據(jù)下文的“watchesthemrideawayhappy”可知，他把自行車(chē)送給了新主人，所以，用pair符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他初次贈(zèng)送是在30分鐘內(nèi)送出6輛自行車(chē)。A.repair維修；B.sale銷(xiāo)售；C.giveaway贈(zèng)送；贈(zèng)品；D.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)上文的“HecampsoutwithhisFreeBikessign”和下文的“sixbikesgoinunder30minutes”可知，此處指的是他免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送自行車(chē)。故選C項(xiàng)。【50題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：除了他在免費(fèi)自行車(chē)活動(dòng)中遇到的成年人和孩子，客戶(hù)還來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)氐陌仓脵C(jī)構(gòu)和其他非營(yíng)利組織。A.invites邀請(qǐng)；B.encounters遇到；邂逅；C.hires雇用；D.comforts安慰。根據(jù)下文的“athisFreeBikesevents,customerscomefromlocalresettlementagenciesandothernonprofits”可知，此處指的是他送自行車(chē)時(shí)遇到的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些組織提供包括騎手身高、性別和年齡在內(nèi)的信息，Vera會(huì)把一輛合適的自行車(chē)送到他們家門(mén)口。A.confirm確認(rèn)；B.spread傳播；C.provide提供；D.process處理，加工。根據(jù)下文“informationincludingtheheight,genderandage”和“Veradeliversafittingbicycletotheirdoor”可知，Vera肯定是根據(jù)提供的信息搭配合適的自行車(chē)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些組織提供包括騎手身高、性別和年齡在內(nèi)的信息，Vera會(huì)把一輛合適的自行車(chē)送到他們家門(mén)口。A.donor捐獻(xiàn)者；B.professional專(zhuān)業(yè)人員；C.volunteer志愿者；D.rider騎車(chē)人；騎手。根據(jù)下文的“Veradeliversafittingbicycletotheirdoor”可知，Vera送的是自行車(chē)，所以，他需要的肯定是騎車(chē)人的信息。故選D項(xiàng)。【53題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他為送車(chē)之行感到高興。A.trip出行；旅行；B.decision決定；C.choice選擇；D.fortune時(shí)運(yùn)，命運(yùn)。根據(jù)上文的“Veradeliversafittingbicycletotheirdoor”可知，此處指的是Vera的送車(chē)之行。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，鄰居們都稱(chēng)他為“自行車(chē)哥”，他們給他源源不斷地供應(yīng)自行車(chē)、頭盔和鎖，讓他忙個(gè)不停。A.flexible靈活的；B.steady穩(wěn)定的；C.limited有限的；D.fixed固定的。根據(jù)上文的“theykeephimbusy”可知，有穩(wěn)定的自行車(chē)、頭盔和鎖供應(yīng)，Vera才能忙個(gè)不停。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，超過(guò)700名SilverSpring人都有了新的自行車(chē)，可以讓他們的騎到到任何地方，這多虧了這位熱心的“自行車(chē)哥”。A.kick踢；B.walk走；C.pedal騎自行車(chē)前進(jìn)；踩（自行車(chē)等的）踏板；D.move移動(dòng)。根據(jù)空格前的“theirfeet”可知，此處指的是腳踩踏板騎車(chē)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theworld’slargestthree-dimensionalLEGOmodelof“AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival”wasdisplayedinHongKonglastweek.Covering47squaremeters,theexhibitbecameapopularattraction,artfully___56___(piece)togetherawonderfulworldwheretheoldandthenewmet.“Werolledoutthisexhibitmainly___57___(promote)traditionalChineseculturethroughcreativeeventsappealingtoyoungpeople,”saidadeputygeneralmanagerofBankofChina.Aspeoplewalkedalongthe26-meter-longandthree-dimensionalmodelmadeofupto3millionlegobricks,theycouldpicturethemselvesinlivelyancientstreets,___58___sellerswereofferinggoodsandkidswereplayinghideandseek.Pointingat___59___two-storeybuildingwithafrontdoordecoratedwithcolorfulribbons,LiChun-tung,a___60___(lecture)attheUniversityofHongKong,said,“Thiswasoneofthe___61___(busy)restaurantsthen,withdecorationsthatweretypical___62___innsandbarsinNorthernSongDynasty.”Thelegomodelrecreatedmanydetailsoflifeovercenturiesago,muchthe