《國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理英語(yǔ)》課件-國(guó)際貨代實(shí)務(wù)

國(guó)際貨代實(shí)務(wù)Aircargoratesarebasedonthevalueofserviceorthecostofservice.航空費(fèi)率主要依據(jù)的是產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值以及服務(wù)的成本。Valueofserviceratesaredemandbasedandconsiderthesensitivityofthecargotofreightrates.服務(wù)費(fèi)率的價(jià)值取決于貨物對(duì)于運(yùn)費(fèi)的敏感程度。Thelesssensitivethecargotorates,thehighertheratewillbe.貨物對(duì)運(yùn)價(jià)越不敏感，運(yùn)價(jià)越高。

Freightcarriersusethegreateroftheactualweightordimensionalweighttocalculateshippingcharges.航空貨物的收費(fèi)主要依據(jù)重量和體積兩種測(cè)量方式進(jìn)行。

TheAirWaybill(AWB)isthemostimportantdocumentissuedbyacarriereitherdirectlyorthroughitsauthorizedagent.Itisanon-negotiabletransportdocument.Itcoverstransportofcargofromairporttoairport.航空運(yùn)單是由承運(yùn)人自己或其委托人開立的重要單據(jù)。它是不可轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)，內(nèi)容主要負(fù)責(zé)貨物從一個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)到另一個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)的相關(guān)事宜。（一）按有無承運(yùn)人的名稱分類（1）航空主運(yùn)單（MasterAirWaybill

，MAWB）凡由航空運(yùn)輸公司簽發(fā)的航空運(yùn)單就稱為主運(yùn)單。（2）航空分運(yùn)單（HouseAirWaybill

，HAWB）航空貨運(yùn)代理公司在辦理集中托運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)簽發(fā)給各個(gè)發(fā)貨人的運(yùn)單。（二）按照不同作用分類（1）航空公司貨運(yùn)單（AirlineAirWaybill）印有出票航空公司（issuecarrier）名稱及標(biāo)志（航徽、代碼等）的航空貨運(yùn)單。這類空運(yùn)單代表出票航空公司的身份。（2）中性貨運(yùn)單（NeutralAirWaybill）沒有預(yù)先在運(yùn)單上打印任何承運(yùn)人名稱及標(biāo)志的貨運(yùn)單。這類空運(yùn)單不代表任何一個(gè)航空公司，是中立貨運(yùn)單。Consolidationcanbenefitallconcernedincluding：SippersconsigneesCarriersforwardersShippersandConsigneesShippersandconsigneesgetthebenefitofaratelowerthanwhattheywouldhavenormallypaidtothecarrier.Itisparticularlybeneficialtosmallshippers.CarriersAcarrierdoesnothavetohandleindividualconsignmentsandthisresultsinconsiderablesavingsindocumentationcosts,timeandlaborFreightForwarderTheforwarder,againstacalculatedrisk,canfinanciallybenefitfromthedifferencebetweenthetotalfreightchargescollectedfromtheindividualLCLconsignmentsagainsthispayableofFCLfreightchargestothecarrier.

Byissuinghistransportdocuments,theconsolidatorassumestheroleofacarrierandisresponsibleforthecarryingoutoftheentiretransportfromthetimethegoodsaredeliveredtohimattheplaceoforiginuntiltheyaredeliveredatdestination.Butsomeconsolidatorsdonotacceptsuchliability.Theycontinuetoassumeliabilityappropriatetotheroleofanagentandmakethisclearintheirtransportdocuments.Manyconsolidators,particularlyincountieswherethestandardtradingconditionshavebeenupdated,acceptsuchliabilityandresourceagainsttheresponsiblecarrier.Thosewhoissuethetransportdocumentshavenecessarilytoacceptsuchliability.Underthetermsofsuchdocuments,whenthestageatwhichthelossordamageoccurredisknow,theconsolidator’sliabilitywillbedeterminedbytheapplicableinternationalconventionornationallaw.

Consolidationservicescanbeprovidedbyafreightforwarderfortheoverseasimportwhobuyssmallconsignmentsofmerchandisefromnumerousvendors.Inthecaseofairtransport,anairfreightconsolidatorshouldshipgoodsbyaironbehalfofaclient,butdoesnotownoroperateitsownairplanes.Anairfreightconsolidatorreceivesthegoodsfromtheclientandpassesthemontoathirdpartythat