2025年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試模擬試卷二

2025年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試模擬試卷二[問答題]1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionen（江南博哥）titledSocialPractice.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.正確答案：(1)Socialpracticehasbeenmoreandmorepopularinuniversitiesandcolleges.Beforestudentsenteringthesociety,socialpracticewillinspirethemandletthemgetclosertotheworld.Andthissurelybringsthemlotsofadvantages.(2)Firstly,socialpracticecanofferstudentsachancetogettoknowthesocietyandmeetdifferentkindsofpeople.Secondly,studentscanapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstowork,thusknowingthemselvesmoreclearly.Tlurdly,socialpracticecanbringthemsomefinancialrewardandmakethemmoreindependentoftheirfamily.(3)However,someproblemsmayariseifnocorrectguidanceismade.Forinstance,studymaybe(4)neglectedsincesomestudents(5)getoverlyinterestedinsocialpractice,andearningmoneyseemstobemoreimportant.Andsomestudentsarelikelytogetintouchwiththedarksideofthesociety,whichwillaffecttheirfuturestudies.(6)Inordertocarryoutsocialpracticesmoothly,stu-dentsshouldfirstknowtheirobjective.Theyshouldputtheirstudiesinthefirstplaceand-seesocialpracticejustasausefulsupplement,sotheyoughttotryto(7)strikeabalancebe-tweensocialpracticeandtheirstudies.參考解析：(1)開篇直指主題。(2)Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…分三步講述社會(huì)實(shí)踐的好處。(3)第二段提出可能產(chǎn)生的問題，并舉例說明，提高說服力。(4)neglected意為“被疏忽的”。(5)getoverlyinterestedin表示“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生極大的興趣”。(6)第三段提出解決問題的方法。(7)strikeabalance意為“達(dá)到平衡”。[問答題]2.散文是與詩歌、小說、戲劇并稱的一種文學(xué)體裁，指不講究韻律的散體文章。其包括雜文、隨筆、游記等，是最自由的文體。散文不講究音韻和排比，沒有任何的束縛及限制，也是中國(guó)最早出現(xiàn)的行文體例。通常一篇散文具有一個(gè)或多個(gè)中心思想，以抒情、記敘、論理等方式表達(dá)為主。散文通常通過對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中某些片斷或生活事件的描述，來表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)和感情，著重于表現(xiàn)作者對(duì)生活的感受。正確答案：Proseisaliterarygenreequaltopoetry,novelanddrama.Itreferstotheprosethatdoesnotstressrhythm,including(1)essays,informalessays,travelnotes,etc.Itis(2)thefreeststyleofwriting,whichdoesnot(3)emphasizephonologyaswellasparallelismandhasnorestrictions.Usually,aprosehasoneormore(4)centralideasandismainlyexpressedinlyric,narrativeandlogicalways.Itusuallyexpressesauthors'viewsandemotionsbydescribing(5)someepisodesorlifeeventsinreallife,focusingondemonstratingauthors'feelingsaboutlife.參考解析：(1)雜文、隨筆、游記可分別翻譯為essays，informalessays，travelnotes。(2)“最自由的文體”可譯為thefreeststyleofwriting。(3)“講究”可譯為emphasize。(4)“中心思想”可譯為centralidea。(5)“某些片斷”可譯為someepisodes。共享題干題Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.MorethanhalfofAmericanadults____1____vitaminpills.DatafromtheNationalHealthandNutri-tionExaminationSurvey(NHANES)____2____atrendawayfromall-in-onemultivitaminsandtowardspecificsupplements—especiallyfishoilandvitaminD.Mostofthisisself-prescribed.AccordingtoananalysisoftheNHANESdata,lessthanaquarterofsupplementsaretakenatthe___3_____ofahealthprofessional.Mostofthisnutritionalenthusiasmdoesno____4____,andforthosewithinadequatedietsorspecialhealthconcerns,supplementscandoaworldofgood.ButitiswisetokeepinmindthatdosesthatfarexceedtherecommendeddietaryallowancessetbytheInstituteofMedicinecanbehazardous.Aremindercomesfromarecentstudylinking____5____Bvitaminstoaheightenedriskofhipfracture.Thestudycombedthroughthevitaminhabitsofnearly76,000postmenopausalwomen____6____inthedecades-longNurses'HealthStudy.Loandbehold,thosewhotookhighdosesofvitaminB6(35milligramsormoredaily),togetherwithB12(20microgramsormore),hadanearly50per-cent____7____riskoffracturingtheirhipthanthosetakinglowdosesornone.HighdosesofB6alonealsoraisedtherisk.Thestudy____8____similarfindingsinalargeNorwegiantrialthatlookedatwhetherthesevitaminsandfolicacidcouldreduceheartattacksandstrokesinpatientswithnarrowedbloodvessels.Alas,theydidnot,andtothegreat____9____ofresearchers,highdoseswerelinkedtohipfrac-tures.Takentogether,“theresultsarequite____10____”saysHaakonMeyer,aprofessorofepidemiologyandpreventivemedicineattheUniversityofOslo.[單選題]1.空白處1應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：I參考解析：此處要填動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空格后的名詞，可確定此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)表示“吃；服用”的動(dòng)詞，I項(xiàng)take符合題意，takepills指服用藥片。故本題選I。[單選題]2.空白處2應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：A參考解析：此處要填動(dòng)詞。主語為data，可確定此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，選項(xiàng)中A、D和L三項(xiàng)符合題意。根據(jù)上下文“全國(guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)________，當(dāng)前趨勢(shì)是從攝取復(fù)合型維生素轉(zhuǎn)向服用特定補(bǔ)品”，indicate符合題意。故本題選A。[單選題]3.空白處3應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：F參考解析：此處要填名詞?！叭珖?guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查組織的數(shù)據(jù)分析表示，只有不到四分之一的補(bǔ)品是按照保健專業(yè)醫(yī)生的________服用的”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，recommendation符合題意。故本題選F。[單選題]4.空白處4應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：L參考解析：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少賓語，又根據(jù)后文“對(duì)于那些營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足或有特殊健康問題的人來說，補(bǔ)品可以帶來很多好處”，可知此處表達(dá)的意義是正面、積極的，donoharm意為“沒有害處”，符合題意。故本題選L。[單選題]5.空白處5應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：H參考解析：此處要填形容詞。根據(jù)空格所在句前一句“但是，明智的做法是要記住，攝入量遠(yuǎn)大于醫(yī)學(xué)研究所建議的飲食限額可能會(huì)造成危險(xiǎn)”，說明過量攝入維生素會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)，故此處所填形容詞應(yīng)意為“過量的，過多的”，excessive符合題意。故本題選H。[單選題]6.空白處6應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：B參考解析：空格所在句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，分析可知此處填入的詞作postmenopausalwomen的后置定語，選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)名詞participating，misleading和convincing可作后置定語。根據(jù)句意可知，這項(xiàng)研究梳理了近76000名絕經(jīng)婦女服用維生素的習(xí)慣，這些婦女________了長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)十年的護(hù)士健康研究，participating意為“參與，參加”，符合題意。故本題選B。[單選題]7.空白處7應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：K參考解析：此處要填形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空格之后的than可知，此處應(yīng)填入表示比較的形容詞，選項(xiàng)中g(shù)reater和less都符合。根據(jù)上下文可知，應(yīng)填入greater，表示髖部骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比那些服用低劑量或不服用的人高出50%。故本題選K。[單選題]8.空白處8應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：D參考解析：此處要填動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句缺少謂語，其意為“這項(xiàng)研究________了挪威的一項(xiàng)大型試驗(yàn)中的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)”，由此可知，此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)表示“證實(shí)，驗(yàn)證，證明”的動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)中confirms符合題意。故本題選D。[單選題]9.空白處9應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：E參考解析：此處要填名詞?？崭袼诰湟鉃椤白屟芯咳藛T非常________的是，高劑量攝入會(huì)增加髖部骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，又根據(jù)上句“該試驗(yàn)研究了這些維生素和葉酸是否能降低血管狹窄患者心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，由此可知，研究結(jié)果與預(yù)期不同，讓研究人員非常吃驚，故填入surprise符合句意。故本題選E。[單選題]10.空白處10應(yīng)填A(yù).indicateB.participatingC.misleadingD.confirmsE.surpriseF.recommendationGconvincingHexcessiveItakeJreductionKgreaterLharmMlessNinadequateOdisappointment正確答案：G參考解析：此處要填形容詞。該句意為“總的來說，結(jié)果相當(dāng)令人________”。選項(xiàng)中形容詞只有convincing和m-adequate，根據(jù)上下文可知，兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果趨向一致，因此結(jié)果應(yīng)當(dāng)是“令人信服的”，而不是“不足的”，因此convincing符合題意。故本題選G。參考譯文一半以上的美國(guó)成年人都會(huì)服用維他命。全國(guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)表明，當(dāng)前趨勢(shì)從攝取復(fù)合型維生素轉(zhuǎn)向服用特定補(bǔ)品——特別是魚油和維生素D，它們大部分都是非處方藥。全國(guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查組織的數(shù)據(jù)分析表示，只有不到四分之一的補(bǔ)品是按照保健專業(yè)醫(yī)生的建議服用的。大多數(shù)情況下，人們對(duì)這種營(yíng)養(yǎng)品所表現(xiàn)出來的熱情并沒有害處，對(duì)于那些營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足或有特殊健康問題的人來說，補(bǔ)品可以帶來很多好處。但是，明智的做法是要記住，攝入量遠(yuǎn)大于醫(yī)學(xué)研究所建議的飲食限額可能造成危險(xiǎn)。最近的一項(xiàng)研究提醒我們，過量服用維生素B會(huì)增加髖部骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這項(xiàng)研究梳理了近76000名絕經(jīng)婦女服用維生素的習(xí)慣，這些婦女參與了長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)十年的護(hù)士健康研究。你瞧，那些服用高劑量維生素B6（每日35毫克或更多）和B12(20微克或更多)的人，髖部骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比那些服用低劑量或不服用的人高出50%。過量服用B6也會(huì)增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這項(xiàng)研究與挪威的一項(xiàng)大型試驗(yàn)成果不謀而合，該試驗(yàn)研究了這些維生素和葉酸是否能降低血管狹窄患者心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。唉，結(jié)果顯示并沒有。讓研究人員非常吃驚的是，高劑量攝入會(huì)增加髖部骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？偟膩碚f，“結(jié)果相當(dāng)令人信服。”奧斯陸大學(xué)流行病學(xué)和預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)教授哈肯·邁耶說道。RevitalisingCreditSuisse(A)TidjaneThiamisnotthefirstnon-SwisscluefexecutiveofCreditSuisse（瑞士信貸）.HisAmericanpredecessor,BradyDougan,heldthejobforeightyears.ButMr.Douganwasaninsider,havingbeenatthefirmforages.Mr.ThiamwasanythingbutacitizenoflvoryCoast,wherehewasagovemmentministerinthelate1990s,hehadbeenaconsultantatMcKinseyandhadoverseentheEuropeanarmofAvivaandthewholeofPrudential,twoBritishinsurers.BeforetakingthetopjobatCreditSuissein2015,hehadneverevenworkedforabank.Charminginpersonandintimidatingandforcefulbyreputation,Mr.Thiamwalkedstraightintoatempest.(B)FromthestartheknewthatCreditSuisse'sdefensesagainstdisasterwereuncomfortablythin.Itscommonequitytier1capital(普通股一級(jí)資本)coveredjust10.3%ofrisk-weightedassets(RWAS，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn))，lessthanatanyofitspeers.TobolsterthemMr.ThiamquicklyraisedSFr6bn($6.3bn)inequity.Unleashinghisinnerconsultant,hesetaboutreorganisingthebank'sstructure,steeringittowardswealthmanagementandawayfromtheriskierwhirlpoolsofinvestmentbanking.(C)Butwithinmonthsanightmarehadunfolded.Inthelastquarterof2015CreditSuissemadeastonkingnetloss(凈虧損）ofSFr6.4bn,asitwrotedown（減低賬面價(jià)值）thevalueofitsinvestmentbankandwasbuffetedbytradinglosses.MorecashgluggedawaywhenthebanksettledAmericanchargesthatithadmis-soldresidentialmortgage-backedsecuritiesadecadebefore.Anothersharesale,raisingSFr4bn,ensuedin2017.(D)Thefirm'sshares—andpresumablyMr.Thiam-stillbeartheimprintofthoserightsissues（權(quán)利股發(fā)行）andwrite-downs.TheirpriceishalfwhatitwaswhenMr.Thiamtookover,andabout70%oftangiblebookvalue（有形賬面價(jià)值）.Thebankisstillnotfreeoflegalandethicalshadows:itisbeingsuedoverloansinMozambiquebeforehistime.(E)Nevertheless,Mr.Thiamhassurvivedandnowarguestheworstisover.Therestructuringprogrammewascompletedlastyear.Thes“strategicresolutionunit"(SRU)（戰(zhàn)略重組單位，瑞士信貸事業(yè)部之一）housingdudassets（無用資產(chǎn)），whichonceheldaquarterofRWAS,hasbeenclosed.hithelatestquarterthefirm'sretumontangibleequityclimbedto9.7%,roughlywhatinvestorsregardaspar（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；票面價(jià)值；平均數(shù)量）forbanks.ManyEuropeanbanksstruggletodoaswell(althoughCreditSuisse'sbiggerneighbour,UBS,whichshifieditsweightfrominvestmentbankingtowealthmanagementafewyearsearlier,rangup11.9%).ThequestionnowiswhethertherestyledCreditSuissecanprogressfrommerestabilitytowardshigherprofitabilityandgrowth.(F)Mr.ThiammayhavestudiedengineeringinParis,butinsteadofelegantsimplicityheoptedforanunusual,complexandasymmetricalstructureforthefirm,basedaroundfivedivisions.OnehousesaSwissuniversalbank.AnothercontainsalltheAsianbusinesses.Threefunctionaldivisionscovertherestoftheworld—wealthmanagement,investmentbankingandglobalmarkets(trading).(G)Intotal,markets-relatedactivitiesaccountedforhalfofRWASin2015.Nowtheirshareisjustone-third.Reckoningthatbanks'salesandtradingrevenueswouldstagnate,thankstoovercapacityandtechnologicaladvance,Mr.Thiamchose“nottobeallthingstoallpeopleandtohaveverylowcosts”.Growthwouldcomeinsteadfrommanagingtheassetsofrichpeople—especiallytheveryrichindeed.Thetradingplatformwouldstillbeneeded,butatasizetoservethoseclients.(H)Heborrowsaparallel(類似的事情)fromhisformertrade.Insurerspreferpolicieswithrepeatedpremiumstoone-offs.Revenuesfrommanagingtheassetsofthewealthy,Mr.Thiamsays,recurliketheformer,becauseonceclientsplacemoneywithyou,then,ifyoulookafterthem,theytendtostay;tradingrevenuescomeandgolikesinglepremiums.Netnewassetsinwealthmanagementinallterritorieshavebeengrowingatabout5%ayear,andprofitsat15%.(I)Mr.Thiam'saimtobe“thebankforentrepreneurs”istherationaleforthededicateddivisionforAsia,whichismintingbillionairesfast.Ifyouareatycoonwhosepersonalandbusinessfinancesareintertwined,youmightwanttosellsharesinyourfirmandinvesttheproceeds:whyshouldyoufacethehassleofdealingwithdifferentpartsofthefirm?Abouthalfofwealth-managementinfiowsinAsia,Mr.Thiamsays,comefromreferralsbylocalinvestmentbankers.J1HehadalsobetonAsiaatPrudential,tryingtobuyAIA,abigregionallifeinsurer.Butthatwaspredicatedon(以……為基礎(chǔ)）thegrowingmassoftheregion'smiddleclass.AtCreditSuisse,heisafterthetrulyrich.InAsia'sfragmentedwealth-managementmarket,CreditSuisse'sSFr219bnofassets,ora12%share,ranksahealthysecond,accordingtoMagdalenaStoklosaofMorganStanley.UBSleadsthepack.(K)Asiastillaccountsforjustone-sixthofrevenueandpre-taxprofits.Afterdecadesofglobetrotting,theanchorofthefirmremainsreliableSwitzerland,whichyieldsfullyhalfofprofits.Two-thirdsoftotalgrowthinassetsundermanagementinthepastthreeyears,Mr.Thiamsays,hascomefromexistingclients,whicharealsomoreprofitablethannewones.(L)Yetwithwealthontheupandtradinginretreat,revenuegrowthhasbeensluggish.Profitshaverisenmainlybecausecostshavebeencut.Operatingcostshavebeenslashedby18%infouryears.Ratherthanshavebudgetsacrosstheboard(全面地),Mr.Thiamcannedwholeactivities,suchasprivatebankinginAmerica.“Costcutshavetobebinary,”hesays.Thenfixedexpenses,suchasfloorspaceandcomputersystems,canbegotridofHehasalsobecomestricteraboutspendingoncontractorsandconsultants.Ratherthanworryabouttheratioofcosttoincome,astandardgaugeofefficiency,hesetsabsolutetargets,sothatincreasesinrevenuegotoprofitratherthanbeingspent.Budgetsarestillscrutinisedinweeklymeetings.(M)Thoughanoutsider,Mr.Thiamhasreliedmainlyoninsiders.HebroughtinPierre-OlivierBouée,thechiefoperatingofficer,acolleagueatMcKinseyandAvivaandhischiefriskofficeratPrudential,andAdamGishen,theheadofinvestorrelationsandcommunications,whoadvisedhimatthePru.Buthehasmainlypromotedfromwithin.Thechieffinancialofficer,DavidMathers,hasbeeninhisjobsince2010.Thatisunusual;incomingbossesatothertroubledbankshavesweptawaymoreseniorpeople.IqbalKhan,theheadofinternationalwealth-management,leftabruptlyinJuly.(N)Withitstimeinpurgatoryseenunglyover,CreditSuisseisaimingtopushitsroteintodoublefigures.Marketconditionspermitting,itaimedtobreach10%thisyear,butthatnowlooksastretch.Withglobalinterestratesfalling,tradewarsragingandmarketsjittery,themonthsaheadmaybetrickyforbanksandwealthmanagerseverywhere.(O)Afterfouryears,Mr.Thiamisanoutsidernomore.RunningoneofEurope'sbanksisahazardousoccupation:askJohnCryan,sackedafterlessthanthreeyearsatDeutscheBankin2018,orJohnFlint,oustedfromHSBCthismonth,after30yearsatthebankbutamereyearandahalfinthehotseat.Mr.ThiamsayshewantstobecomeaSwisscitizeninduecourse.HewasrecentlyelectedtotheIntemationalOlympicComnuttee,basedinLausanne.Perhapshewillstayawhileyet.[單選題]11.CreditSuisse'sstockpricefell,andthebankwasindeeplegalandethicaldilemmas.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：D參考解析：此句意為“瑞士信貸股價(jià)下跌，該銀行陷入了深刻的法律和道德困境”，與D段中第二、三句同義，pricefell與priceishalfwhatitwas對(duì)應(yīng)；indeeplegalandethicaldilemmas與notfreeoflegalandetlucalshadows對(duì)應(yīng)。故本題選D。[單選題]12.TherestructuredCreditSuissereliesonfivedivisions:SwissUniversalBank,AsiaBusinessUnit,WealthManagementDepartment,InvestmentBankingDepartmentandGlobalMarketsDepart-ment.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：F參考解析：此句意為“重組后的瑞士信貸依托五個(gè)部門：瑞士環(huán)球銀行、亞洲業(yè)務(wù)部、財(cái)富管理部、投資銀行部和全球市場(chǎng)部”，是對(duì)F段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選F。[單選題]13.Aftertakingoffice,hesetaboutrestructuringthebank,guidingittowealthmanagementandstayingawayfromtheriskyvortexofinvestmentbanking.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：B參考解析：此句意為“上任后，他著手重組銀行，引導(dǎo)其進(jìn)行財(cái)富管理，遠(yuǎn)離風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資銀行的漩渦”，與B段同義，restructuring，guidingitto和stayingawayfrom與reorganising，steeringittowards和awayfrom是同義替換。故本題選B。[單選題]14.Thesimilaritybetweenincomefrommanagingwealthyassetsandtheinsurancepolicyisthatoncethemoneyisplaced,theclientswilltendtoremain.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：H參考解析：此句意為“管理富人資產(chǎn)的收入與保險(xiǎn)單之間的相似之處在于，一旦存入資金，客戶也將傾向于留下”，與H段第一、三句意思相同，similarity與aparallel為同義替換。故本題選H。[單選題]15.Halfofthecompany'sprofitsarefromSwitzerland,andtwo-thirdsofthetotalgrowthinman-agedassetsoverthepastthreeyearshascomefromexistingcustomers,whicharemoreprof-itable.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：K參考解析：此句意為“該公司一半的利潤(rùn)來自瑞士，過去三年管理資產(chǎn)總增長(zhǎng)的三分之二來自現(xiàn)有客戶，這些客戶的利潤(rùn)更高”，是對(duì)K段的概括總結(jié)，Halfofthecompany'sprofits是yieldsfullyhalfofprofits的同義句。故本題選K。[單選題]16.ThespecialdivisionforAsiaistohelpcreatingbillionairesasfastaspossibletohelpachievetheaimtobe“thebankforentrepreneurs”.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：I參考解析：此句意為“負(fù)責(zé)亞洲事務(wù)這一部門幫助盡快創(chuàng)造億萬富翁，以幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)成為‘企業(yè)家銀行’的目標(biāo)”，與I段第一句為同義替換，主句部分為Mr.Thiam’saimtobe“thebankforentrepreneurs”…istherationaleforthededicateddivisionforAsia，（……成立亞洲事務(wù)這一部門的原因是實(shí)現(xiàn)“企業(yè)家銀行”的目標(biāo)）。故本題選I。[單選題]17.Consideringovercapacityandtechnologicaladvances,banks'salesandtradingincomewillbesluggish,andCreditSuissewillchoosetoproviderichpeoplewithaplatformtomanageassets.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：G參考解析：此句意為“考慮到產(chǎn)能過剩和技術(shù)進(jìn)步，銀行的銷售和交易收入將會(huì)低迷，瑞士信貸選擇為有錢人提供管理資產(chǎn)平臺(tái)”，與G段第三、四句意思相近。故本題選G。[單選題]18.CreditSuisseistryingtoacquireAIA,alargeregionallifeinsurancecompany.Butthisdependsonthegrowthofthemiddleclasspopulationintheregion.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：J參考解析：此句意為“瑞士信貸正試圖收購(gòu)一家大型地區(qū)人壽保險(xiǎn)公司友邦保險(xiǎn)。但這取決于該地區(qū)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人口的增長(zhǎng)”，是J段第一、二句話的同義替換，兩者意思相同。故本題選J。[單選題]19.Hissuccessalsoliesinintroductionofappropriateandexcellenttalents,eachperforminghisownduties.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：M參考解析：此句意為“他的成功還在于引進(jìn)適當(dāng)?shù)膬?yōu)秀人才，各司其職”，是對(duì)M段的概括總結(jié)，M段中列舉了Mr.Thiam引入多位高管人才。故本題選M。[單選題]20.CreditSuisseexpectstobreakthroughdouble-digitgrowth,andgiventheglobalinterestrate,tradewarsandmarkettensions,thetargetmaybepostponed.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)正確答案：N參考解析：此句意為“瑞士信貸希望突破兩位數(shù)增長(zhǎng)，鑒于全球利率、貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)和市場(chǎng)緊張局勢(shì)，目標(biāo)可能會(huì)被推遲”，是對(duì)N段的概括總結(jié),breakthroughdouble-digitgrowth，globalinterestrate，tradewarsandmarketten-sions和bepostponed分別對(duì)應(yīng)文中的pushitsroteintodoublefigures，Withglobalinterestratesfalling，tradewarsragingandmarketsjittery和thatnowlooksastretch。故本題選N。參考譯文瑞士信貸改革A)迪德簡(jiǎn)·蒂亞姆不是瑞士信貸的第一位非瑞士籍首席執(zhí)行官。前任首席執(zhí)行官是美籍人士布蘭迪·道根，其任期長(zhǎng)達(dá)八年。但道根先生是一名圈內(nèi)人，多年來一直在這家公司工作。蒂亞姆先生是象牙海岸（科特迪瓦）的公民，他在20世紀(jì)90年代末擔(dān)任政府部長(zhǎng)，也曾在麥肯錫擔(dān)任顧問，并監(jiān)管了Aviva的歐洲分支機(jī)構(gòu)以及Prudential總部，這兩家都是英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司。在2015年擔(dān)任瑞士信貸首席執(zhí)行官之前，他從未在銀行工作過。蒂亞姆先生充滿入格魅力，威風(fēng)凜凜，令人望而生畏，徑直進(jìn)入了這個(gè)行業(yè)。B)一開始他就知道瑞士信貸應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防御措施較為薄弱。其普通股一級(jí)資本僅占風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)(RWAS)的10.3%，低于任一同業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)。為了改善這一現(xiàn)狀，蒂亞姆先生迅速籌集了60億瑞士法郎（約合63億美元）的股權(quán)。他遵從內(nèi)心的想法開始著手重組銀行，引導(dǎo)其向財(cái)富管理轉(zhuǎn)型，遠(yuǎn)離投資銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的漩渦。C)但在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)，一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)襲來。2015年第四季度，因?yàn)榻档土送顿Y銀行的賬面價(jià)值，加上交易損失受到?jīng)_擊，瑞士信貸的凈虧損額達(dá)到64億瑞士法郎。當(dāng)銀行解決美國(guó)指控它十年之前錯(cuò)誤地出售住房抵押貸款支持證券時(shí)，大量現(xiàn)金外流。2017年，已出售股票籌集了40億瑞士法郎。D)也許是由于蒂亞姆先生，瑞士信貸的股票受到權(quán)利股發(fā)行和票面減值的影響，其價(jià)格只有蒂亞姆上任時(shí)的一半，約占有形賬面價(jià)值的70%。該銀行還深陷法律和道德困境：在蒂亞姆就任前曾因貸款事宜被莫桑比克起訴。E)然而，蒂亞姆先生幸存下來，他指出最壞的情況已經(jīng)結(jié)束。重組計(jì)劃已于去年完成。戰(zhàn)略重組單位曾用于管理閑置資產(chǎn)，占RWAS四分之一，如今已被關(guān)閉。在最近一個(gè)季度，該公司的有形資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率攀升至9.7%，達(dá)到銀行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水平。許多歐洲銀行也在努力做好準(zhǔn)備（作為瑞士信貸的較大同業(yè)者，瑞銀幾年前將投資銀行業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向財(cái)富管理業(yè)務(wù)，其比例上升了11.9%）?，F(xiàn)在問題是，整改后的瑞士信貸是否可以從單純的業(yè)務(wù)穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)向更高的盈利能力。F)蒂亞姆先生可能曾在巴黎學(xué)習(xí)工程學(xué)，但他沒有選擇優(yōu)雅的簡(jiǎn)約，而是選擇了不尋常的、復(fù)雜的、不對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)基于五個(gè)部門。一個(gè)是瑞士全能銀行，另一個(gè)涵蓋了亞洲所有業(yè)務(wù)。另外的三個(gè)職能部門囊括了世界其他地區(qū)——財(cái)富管理、投資銀行和全球市場(chǎng)（交易）。G)總的來說，與市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的活動(dòng)在2015年占RWAS的一半?，F(xiàn)在它們的份額只有三分之一?？紤]到產(chǎn)能過剩和技術(shù)進(jìn)步，銀行的銷售和交易收入將停滯，蒂亞姆選擇“不面向所有人提供所有服務(wù)，而且要降低成本”。增長(zhǎng)將源自管理富人的資產(chǎn)——特別是非常富裕的人。交易平臺(tái)仍不可或缺，規(guī)模也要同服務(wù)這些客戶相匹配。H)他從先前的貿(mào)易經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得靈感。相比于一次性保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)公司更喜歡重復(fù)性保險(xiǎn)政策。蒂亞姆先生說，管理富人資產(chǎn)的收入與重復(fù)性保險(xiǎn)相似，因?yàn)橐坏┛蛻魧㈠X交給你，你就會(huì)幫忙打理，這樣他們就會(huì)留下；而交易收入來來去去，就像單一的保費(fèi)一樣。所有地區(qū)的財(cái)富管理凈新資產(chǎn)每年增長(zhǎng)約5%，利潤(rùn)為15%。I)成立亞洲事務(wù)這一部門的原因是實(shí)現(xiàn)蒂亞姆提出的“企業(yè)家銀行”的目標(biāo)，那就是盡快創(chuàng)造億萬富翁。如果你的個(gè)人和商業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)交織在一起，你可能想出售公司的股票并投資收益：你為什么要面對(duì)與公司不同部門打交道的麻煩？蒂亞姆說，亞洲大約一半的財(cái)富管理流入，他們來自當(dāng)?shù)赝顿Y銀行家的轉(zhuǎn)介。J)他還在保誠(chéng)集團(tuán)就亞洲打賭，試圖收購(gòu)～家大型地區(qū)人壽保險(xiǎn)公司友邦保險(xiǎn)，但這取決于該地區(qū)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人口的增長(zhǎng)。在瑞士信貸，他追求真正的富裕。摩根士丹利的馬格達(dá)萊納·斯托克洛薩表示，在亞洲分散的財(cái)富管理市場(chǎng)中，瑞士信貸以2190億瑞士法郎的資產(chǎn)（即12%的股份）排名第二，瑞銀位居第一。K)亞洲仍然只占收入和稅前利潤(rùn)的六分之一。經(jīng)過幾十年的全球業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)張，該公司仍依靠瑞士主力，其利潤(rùn)占一半。蒂亞姆先生表示，過去三年管理資產(chǎn)總增長(zhǎng)的三分之二來自現(xiàn)有客戶，這些客戶也比新客戶更有利可圖。L)然而，由于財(cái)富增加以及交易減少，收入增長(zhǎng)緩慢。利潤(rùn)上升主要是因?yàn)槌杀鞠陆?。運(yùn)營(yíng)成本在四年內(nèi)削減了18%。蒂亞姆先生并沒有全面削減預(yù)算，而是停止整個(gè)活動(dòng)，例如美國(guó)的私人銀行業(yè)務(wù)。他指出：“成本削減必須一分為二?！惫潭ㄙM(fèi)用，如占地和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可以排除。他對(duì)承包商和顧問的支出變得更加嚴(yán)格。他沒有擔(dān)心成本與收入的比率，也就是效率的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，而是設(shè)定了絕對(duì)目標(biāo)，因此收入的增加會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為利潤(rùn)而不是花費(fèi)。每周會(huì)議仍會(huì)仔細(xì)審查預(yù)算。M)雖然作為局外人，蒂亞姆先生主要依賴圈內(nèi)人士。他帶來了首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官Pierre-OlivierBou6e，也是他在麥肯錫和Aviva的同事，以及他在Prudential的首席風(fēng)險(xiǎn)官。曾在Pru共事的同事AdamGishen擔(dān)任了投資者關(guān)系和溝通部門的負(fù)責(zé)人。但他主要是內(nèi)部任命。首席財(cái)務(wù)官大衛(wèi)·馬瑟斯自2010年以來任職于瑞士信貸，這很不常見。其他陷入困境的銀行，新老板一上任就會(huì)辭退一些高層資深人士。然而，國(guó)內(nèi)財(cái)富管理負(fù)責(zé)人伊克·巴爾汗在7月份突然離職。N)其煉獄時(shí)期似乎已經(jīng)結(jié)束，瑞士信貸的目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)增長(zhǎng)。市場(chǎng)條件允許，它的目標(biāo)是今年突破10%，但現(xiàn)在看起來其可能會(huì)延期實(shí)現(xiàn)。隨著全球利率下降，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)肆虐和市場(chǎng)緊張，未來幾個(gè)月對(duì)于各地的銀行和財(cái)富管理機(jī)構(gòu)來說可能都很棘手。O)四年后，蒂亞姆先生不再是局外人。經(jīng)營(yíng)一家歐洲銀行是一項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)的職業(yè)：JohnCryan2018年在德意志銀行工作不到三年被解雇，JohnFlint在匯豐銀行工作了30年，但執(zhí)掌一年半的時(shí)間于本月被辭退。蒂亞姆先生說他希望在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候成為瑞士公民。他最近當(dāng)選為洛桑國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)成員，也許他會(huì)再待上一段時(shí)間。Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceaperma-nentchangeinthehabitsofbehaviour,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Thelow-eranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thusthe“ant-lion”whoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardswithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflight,“orifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessin-activity”.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinuean-otherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemer-genceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinflu-enceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremouldedtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedau-tomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,selectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanbeconceivablyinheritedjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Besides,sinceamechanism-isnow,forthefirsttime,createdbywhichtheindividual(incontradictiontothespecies)canbefittedtotheenvironment,thelatterbe-comes,inanothersense,lessnotmoreimportant.Andfinally,lessnotthehigheranimalswhopos-sessthepowerofchangingtheirenvironmentbyengineeringfeatsandthelike,apowerpossessedtosomeextentevenbythebeaver,andpreeminentlybyman.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.[單選題]21.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimals?A.Thewaytheycommunicate.B.Howtheyexpressfeelings.C.Thepermanentchangeinfluencedbytheenvironmentuponhumanbeingsinsteadofanimals.D.Whethertheycanusetoolsornot.正確答案：C參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞difference定位至原文第一段前三句。第二句明確指出區(qū)別是“susceptibletoen-vironment”（易受環(huán)境影響），同時(shí)還需結(jié)合第一句和第三句。第一句指出人類會(huì)受環(huán)境影響，并形成持久的改變（apermanentchange）。第三句指出雖然低等動(dòng)物也受環(huán)境影響，但不會(huì)直接引起習(xí)慣的改變。故本題選C。[單選題]22.Whydoestheauthorcitetheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph?A.Tosupporttheevidencethatthewayloweranimalsrespondtoenvironmentresultfromin-stinct.B.Todemonstratethespecialtyoftheant-lion.C.Toemphasizetheinfluenceofenvironment.D.Tosupporttheevidencethatthewayhigheranimalsrespondtotheenvironmentresultfrominstinct.正確答案：A參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ant-lion可定位至第一段第六句。此例子用“蟻獅”對(duì)新環(huán)境下險(xiǎn)境的反應(yīng)，說明低等動(dòng)物靠本能，而不是隨著環(huán)境的變化而做出反應(yīng)，是第四句與第五句的例證。D項(xiàng)意思與原文恰好相反，B、C兩項(xiàng)均偏離原文意思。故本題選A。[單選題]23.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures.B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.C.Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.正確答案：C參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞habits可定位到第二段第四句Habits，insteadofbeingbornready-madewereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment，即習(xí)慣并不是天生的，更多受環(huán)境的影響。故本題選C。[單選題]24.Besideshumanbeings,whoisabletoalterenvironmentbyengineeringfeats?A.Ant-lion.B.Beaver.C.Spider.D.Insect.正確答案：B參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞engineeringfeats可定位至最后一段倒數(shù)第二句apowerpossessedtosomeextentevenbythebeaver，andpreeminentlybyman.由此可知海貍和人類具備這種能力。故本題選B。[單選題]25.Whatistherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentandtheheredity??A.Heredityisfarmoreimportantthanenvironment.B.Environmentisfarmoreimportantthanheredity.C.Theyareindependentfromeachother.D.Theyaresupplementaryratherthanexclusivefactors.正確答案：D參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至文章最后一句，環(huán)境與遺傳不是相互排斥的因素，而永遠(yuǎn)是相輔相成的。故本題選D。參考譯文我認(rèn)為通過教育，環(huán)境會(huì)對(duì)人們的行為、思想和態(tài)度帶來永久的改變。容易受環(huán)境影響是人類區(qū)別于動(dòng)物、高等動(dòng)物區(qū)別于低等動(dòng)物的地方。低等動(dòng)物容易受環(huán)境影響，但不會(huì)引起習(xí)慣的改變。它們很少做出本能反應(yīng)，其由遺傳決定。當(dāng)遇到不自然的環(huán)境時(shí)，這樣的動(dòng)物會(huì)被本能引上歧途。就像“蟻獅”會(huì)按照本能的暗示，在面臨巨大危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，利用腹部向后移動(dòng)，鉆入松散細(xì)沙中。其向玻璃板后退，盡最大努力鉆進(jìn)去。它沒有別的脫險(xiǎn)辦法，“或者說，這樣一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的動(dòng)物，在專心于活動(dòng)時(shí)被打斷，它要么徒勞地繼續(xù)活動(dòng)（如同在一片沒有播種的土地上耕作），要么死于無助的不作為”。因此，編織網(wǎng)的蜘蛛挖一個(gè)地洞，并且在其周圍用沙礫和木片構(gòu)筑時(shí)，如果在完成一半時(shí)退出，它不會(huì)再重新開始，即使它繼續(xù)挖另一個(gè)洞穴，也不會(huì)重復(fù)之前的工作。進(jìn)化的發(fā)展只有依靠具備越來越多復(fù)雜本能的生物才能完成，如螞蟻和蜘蛛。但另一條進(jìn)化的線路注定會(huì)帶來另一種深遠(yuǎn)的可能性，即使在人類身上也看不到結(jié)果。習(xí)慣，不是天生就有的（有時(shí)被叫作本能，而不是習(xí)慣），更多地受環(huán)境的影響，其中最重要的因素便是父母，他們?cè)趮胗變簳r(shí)期照料孩子，在這一階段，為了適應(yīng)周圍環(huán)境的需要，模糊的本能會(huì)做出無害的改變。人們起初或許會(huì)認(rèn)為，這意味著遺傳的影響會(huì)逐漸變小，環(huán)境的作用變得更為重要?？珊茈y說這是對(duì)的，當(dāng)然不是全部事實(shí)。雖然對(duì)于那些像昆蟲一樣的生物來說，機(jī)械的反應(yīng)不再由遺傳決定，盡管物種進(jìn)化選擇已不復(fù)存在，但可塑性的遴選仍然很重要。正如對(duì)惡劣環(huán)境可以做出確切回應(yīng)一樣，習(xí)性可以得到遺傳。另外，如今一些機(jī)制第一次被創(chuàng)建出來時(shí)，個(gè)體（相對(duì)于物種）可以很好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境。這樣看來，環(huán)境的作用也不重要了。最后，高等動(dòng)物有能力通過類似的工程壯舉來改變環(huán)境。從某種程度上來說，海貍具備這樣的能力，人類更加卓越。環(huán)境與遺傳絕不互相排斥，而永遠(yuǎn)是相輔相成的。Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Lastyearatairportsacrosstheworld,18%offlightsweredelayed,leavingmillionsofpassen-gersstuckwithalotoftimeonthei