以皖南八校試題為例談：讀后續(xù)寫的文本解讀、情節(jié)推測、主題呈現(xiàn)的標注法等的運用

以皖南八校試題為例談：讀后續(xù)寫的文本解讀、情節(jié)推測、主題呈現(xiàn)的標注法等的運用讀后續(xù)寫如果目標在17分，本文是沒有細讀的。如果要拿到20+，甚至更高，且在沒有好詞好句的積累下，本文一定有用了。一篇好的讀后續(xù)寫，要能在一分鐘內讓閱卷老師心服口服，需要滿足以下條件：1.文本解讀到位：讀懂了作者真正的寫作意圖，讀懂了文章的主要和次要情節(jié)，挖掘出了各種主次線索。2.情節(jié)推測合理：先不說銜接，而說情節(jié)的設置。情節(jié)無非兩種：要寫的太多；無話可寫。這兩種都是極端，但后者才是最常見的。也就是，考生覺得每一段最多簡單的兩句就結束了，結果要寫出花來。沒辦法，這就是文學寫作的特點。但寫出花，必須讀起來并不復雜，顯得簡單易懂。3.主題呈現(xiàn)不落俗套：主題呈現(xiàn)絕對有高下之分。低層次的就是直接告知lesson，還有不少其它網(wǎng)上說的各種方法等。而實際上，主題到底怎么呈現(xiàn)，取決于情節(jié)和語言的走向。你的結尾不應該專門來迎合讀者，而是服務于情節(jié)的需要。如果你只會寫符合正常高三水平的基礎句子，就一定要在情節(jié)和主題呈現(xiàn)上下功夫。而這也是后面評分的方向。考生一定要注意，高考的讀后續(xù)寫基本都是從Negative到Positive：2024年：我沒有錢付給的哥，著急（消極）到順利完成旅程：的哥的幫助（積極）2023年：我不愛寫作，想放棄比賽（消極）到比賽獲獎：老師的幫助（積極）2022年：殘疾學生想放棄跑步（消極）到獲獎：老師的幫助2021年：給媽媽做早餐時出現(xiàn)事故（消極）到做好飯：爸爸的幫助（積極）縱觀各種模擬考，也無外乎這些。既然如此，我們就要圍繞三個方面思考：

消極到積極的文章如何解讀？情節(jié)如何快速設置？主題呈現(xiàn)如何更有嚼頭？我的答案是：一、文本解讀：標注法二、情節(jié)推測：主語詮釋法（因果；細節(jié)）；回應法三、主題呈現(xiàn)：表象和意義的統(tǒng)一法

一、文本解讀：標注法我把Negative分為九種，從消極變?yōu)榉e極，必須有個借助（aid），可以是外力，也可以是自己。在我們閱讀的時候一一標注好。Negative

借助ThemeAid

PositiveEmotion（sadness)

Environment(cold,rain)

Thinking(giveup)

Failure/lose

Condition(economy:poor,clothes:rags)

Relationship(quarrel,indifferent)

Physicalhealth(deaf,disabled)

Personality（fear)

Values(money)

下面我直接結合考題來標注呈現(xiàn)，N=Negative，P=Positive皖南八校聯(lián)考：FrankDailystareddownatthefrozenground.（N)

HekickedchunksofsnowwithhisnewNikeshoes.HeonlypretendedtolistentothechatofhisfriendsNormandEd,astheyallgotonthenumber10busafterschool.Frankandhisfriendssatdownatthebackofthebusalongwithseveralotherhighschoolboys,somefromotherschools.ThebusheadedwestonBlueMoundRoad.

Hestillrememberedanothercold,

gray

dayjustamonthagoinNovemberwhenhisworldcrasheddownaroundhim,ashereadtheteamlist,searchingdesperatelyforhisname.Itwasn’tthere.（N)

Thebusbrakedsuddenly,andFranknaturallypressedhisNikesagainstthefloor.“Itmusthavebeenmysize,”hethought,“Five-feet-four.SinceI’mnewatMarquetteHigh,thecoachmusthavetakenonelookatmeandmyshoesanddecidedIwastoosmalltojointhebasketballteam.”

Hehadbeenastarathleteinallthesportsinprimaryschool.Now,itseemedhewasanothing.（N)ThebusstoppedattheCountyInstitutionsgrounds.Frankglancedupatthedriver,whohadanickname“Kojak”becauseofhisbaldhead.Anelderlywomanhungontothehandrailandslowlypulledherselfontothebus.Asshesankintotheseatbehindthebusdriver,herfeetkickedup,andFranksawthat

shewasbarefoot.（N)AsKojakgotthebusbackintotraffic,heyelledoverhisshoulder,“Whereareyourshoes,lady?Itwasbelow10degreesoutthere.”

“Ican’taffordshoes,”thewomananswered.（N)

Shepulledherworn-outcoatcollararoundherneck.Someoftheboysatthebackexchangedglancesandlaughed.“Igotonthebusjusttogetmyfeetwarm,”thewomancontinued.“Ifyoudon’tmind,I’lljustridearoundwithyouforabit.”Kojakscratchedhisbaldheadandshouted,“Nowjusttellmehowcomeyoucan’taffordshoes?”“Myhusbandisbadlyillinthehospital,soweonlyhavemoneyforfoodandnecessities,”thewomansaidinalowvoice.（N)注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右;2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。FranklookeddownathisnewNikebasketballshoes.ThenFrankhurriedtothedoorandwasabouttostepdown.文本解讀歸類：FrankDailystareddownatthefrozengroundEnvironmentHestillrememberedanothercold,graydayjustamonthagoinNovemberEnvironmenthisworldcrasheddownaroundhim,ashereadtheteamlist,searchingdesperatelyforhisname.Itwasn’tthere.EmotionHehadbeenastarathleteinallthesportsinprimaryschool.Now,itseemedhewasanothing.FailureFranksawthatshewasbarefoot.Condition“Ican’taffordshoes,”thewomananswered.Condition“Myhusbandisbadlyillinthehospital,soweonlyhavemoneyforfoodandnecessities,”thewomansaidinalowvoice.

Condition二、情節(jié)推測：主語詮釋法（因果；細節(jié)）；回應法主語詮釋法：以提示句的主語作銜接句的主語，解釋提示句里的某個名詞或短語的具體內容，然后解釋原因或結果如何。（專業(yè)術語：主位推進）回應法（response)：對提示句的主語做法進行回應，文章前提是多個人物參與。Frank

lookeddownathisnewNikebasketballshoes.解釋：Howdidhefeelandwhatdidhethink?（感到難過）結果：Whatdidhedo?（決定送鞋）ThenFrankhurriedtothedoorandwasabouttostepdown.Response1:Whatdidthewomandoatthattime?（表示感謝）Response2:WhatdidFrankreact?（回答不用謝）Theme:?情節(jié)看起來何其簡單，所以壓力全部傳遞給主題呈現(xiàn)了。三、主題呈現(xiàn)：表象和意義的統(tǒng)一法區(qū)分：情節(jié)中的N-P（shoes)，主題中的N-P(hewasnothing)一個情節(jié)中會有很多negative，有些是與情節(jié)有關，有些是與主題有關，二者往往交織一起。我們要找到的是與主題有關的，就要找到和主人公有關的N-P。但主題的體現(xiàn)又需要借助情節(jié)中的N-P。Theme:?（Negative)Hewasnothing--（Positive)Hefelthehadeverythinginhisheart./Hefeltontopoftheworld.具體一點：Hefelthappybecausehehelpedapoorwomanwithhisnewshoes.借助themeaid:Grayday--brightdayColdday--warmdayOthers’laughter--letgoof...

所謂表象即淺層的意思，灰蒙蒙的天不再了，所有意義，灰蒙蒙的天意味著一開始的不開心。為什么開心了？因為幫助了人。而后面一層不需要結尾再說的，讀者并非是傻子。下水文：FranklookeddownathisnewNikebasketballshoes.“Ifthecoachhadseentheseshoes,maybehewouldhaveletmejointhebasketballteam,”Frankthought,buttheelderlywoman’swordsechoedinhismind:“Ican’taffordshoes.”Hervoiceseemedtingedwithtears,andherfacewasascoldandfrozenasthegrounditself.Hecouldn’tbeartothinkfurther.Maybeheshoulddosomething.Hestaredathisnewshoesforalongtime.Suddenly,hetookoffhisnewshoes.Whenthebusreachedthestopandeveryoneelsehadgottenoff,hewalkeduptotheoldwomanandsaid,“Theseshoeswillbemoreusefulforyou.”Withoutwaitingforherreaction,heturnedandwalkedawayquickly,afraidhemightchangehismind.要是教練看到這雙鞋，說不定會讓我假如籃球隊呢？可他的腦海里卻又回蕩著那個老夫人的話：“Ican’taffordtheshoes”.她的聲音里似乎含著淚水，她的面色如同冰凍的石頭，他實在不忍想下去了。也許我該做點什么了？他久久地盯著新鞋。突然，他脫下新鞋。車到站了，等所有人下車，他走到老夫人前面說：這雙鞋對你來說更有用。說完，他扭頭就走。他怕自己改變主意。ThenFrankhurriedtothedoorandwasabouttostepdown.Heheardhercalloutexcitedly,“Youngman,thankyou.Theseshoesfitmeperfectly.You’reanangel!”Afaintsmilecrossedhisface.Wasn’tthisthebestgifthehadreceivedthatday?Althoughhenolongerhadhisnewshoesandmightstillnotbefavoredbyothers,didthatreallymatter?Hewalkedfaster,almostasifhewereflying.Theskynolongerseemedgray,andthegroundnolongerfeltcold.Hefeltwarminside.“小伙子，謝謝你。這雙鞋我穿上正好。你簡直就是天使?！彼牭剿募拥暮奥?。他不禁微微一笑。這不正是他今天得到的最好的禮物嗎？雖然他沒有了新鞋，雖然他可能依舊不被別人看好，可是那又怎樣呢？他越走越快，簡直要飛起來一樣。天空不再是灰蒙蒙地，地面也不再是冰凍一樣地冷。他真的感到很暖。范文：FranklookeddownathisnewNikebasketballshoes.Hisfeetwerewarmandcosy.Whenheglancedatthewomanwhowasdressedinrags,asenseofsorrowsweptoverhim.Withacomplicatedmood,heslippedtheshoesoffunderhisseat.When