高中英語外刊-語法填空46篇（解析版）

高一（上）語法填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

體裁說明文詞數(shù)255限時(shí)10分鐘

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully...

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully(1)(draft)thatonecanhardlyimagineitas

anything(2)(此題2空)theperfectedhandiworkofamastercraftsman.Howelsecould

thisinstrumentmakesomuchoutofbarelythreedozenmeaslymorselsofsound?Inthemselves,

theseconfigurations(構(gòu)造)ofmouth--一p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,eandsoon---(3)

(amount)tonothingmorethanafewhaphazard(隨意的)spitsandsplutters,randomnoiseswith

nomeaning,noabilitytoexpress,nopowertoexplain.Butrunthemthroughthecogsandwheels

ofthelanguagemachine,and_____⑷_____(let)itarrangetheminsomeveryspecialorders,

andthereisnothing(5)thesemeaninglessstreamsofaircannotdo:fromsighingthe

interminableboredomofexistenceto⑹(unravel)thefundamentalorderofthe

universe.(7)(extraordinary)thingaboutlanguage,however,isthatonedoesn'thavetobea

geniustosetitswheelsinmotion.Thelanguagemachineallowsjustabouteverybody——frompre-

modernforagers(搜尋食物的人)inthesubtropicalsavannah,topost-modernphilosophersinthe

suburbansprawl——[8](tie)thesemeaninglesssoundstogetherintoaninfinitevariety

ofsubtlesenses,andallapparentlywithouttheslightestexertion.Yetitispreciselythisdeceptive

easewhichmakeslanguageavictimofitsownsuccess,sinceineverydaylifeitstriumphsare

usuallytakenforgranted.Thewheelsoflanguagerunsosmoothlythatonerarelybothers(9)

(stop)andthinkaboutalltheresourcefulnessandexpertisethatmust(10)(go)into

makingittick.Languageconcealsart.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.drafted

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的-ed形式

解析：由前面的副詞skillfully修飾的過去分詞，解釋為“精雕細(xì)琢

■2.otherthan

考查介詞短語

解析：“除了”。

■3.amount

考查謂語動(dòng)詞短語

解析：amountto解釋為“相當(dāng)于”。

■4.let

考查祈使句

解析：與前面的“run”并列，兩句都是祈使句。

■5.that

考查主從復(fù)合句，從句引導(dǎo)詞

解析：定語從句。

■6.unraveling

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式

解析：to后面的介詞賓語使用動(dòng)名詞，解釋為“闡明”。

■7.Themostextraordinary

考查形容詞最高級(jí)

解析：語言最與眾不同的地方。

■8.totie

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞不定式

解析：Thelanguagemachineallowsjusteverybodytotiethesemeaninglesssoundstogether.“允

許某人做某事”。

■9.tostop

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞不定式

解析：bothertodosth.“特地去做某事

■10.havegone

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

解析：musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)342限時(shí)10分鐘

ChangxingIsland

WhatistheclosestislandtoShanghai?Ifyouanswer46ChongmingIsland”,thenyouarewrong.It

shouldbeChangxingIsland,Q)islocatedbetweenCongmingIslandandPudong

NewDistrict.Astoadministration(行政管理)，it⑵(belong)toBaoshanDistrict.

Withalargeareaofforestsandfreshair,thisislandenjoysreputationsof“CleanIsland,,and

""LongevityIsland".ItsuniquenaturalenvironmentandrichnaturalresourcesmakeChangxing

Island^tourismindustryfully______⑶______(develop).

Therearemanyplacesofinterestthere,suchasShanghaiOrangeGrove,MongolianVillageRace

Track,HangingBeadsPark(ChuizhuYuan),ShanghaiStuntCenter,XianfengResort,andetc.

TravelerscantakebusNo.5,51,116,522,728,848and849toWusongdock(4)you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIsland.TravelerscanalsotakeShenchong(Line2)ShuttleBus,

(5)operatinghourisfrom6:00a.m.to7:00p.m.toChangxingIsland.Iftravelerspreferto

reachtheislandwiththeirowncars,ferrieswhichcancarrycarsshouldbeagreatchoice.

ChangxingIsland,alsoknownas“theHometownofOranges^^isagreatplaceforvacation.Once

youandyourfamilymembersorfriendsreachtheisland,youcandrivetotheOrangeGroveResort

toenjoy（6）Theorangesgrowninthegrovelooksbrightandsmooth,andtheyare

veryjuicyandsweet.Onceinlateautumnseason,goldenorangeshangingonthebrancheslook

verytempting.Thethousandacresoforangesthere⑦giveatotalproductionof1.75

millionkilogramsannually.AnotherplacefamousfororangesisShanghaiOrangerieResortlocated

inQianweiFarm,inthecentralpartofChangxingIsland.[8）the1980s,theOrangeArt

Festivalhasbeenheldonthisfarmeachautumn,attractingtensofthousandsofadmiringvisitors.

（9）beingthefamous“orangetown^^,ChangxingIslandisagreatplaceforvisitorstoenjoy

raftingorgoingtotheriversidetoenjoythewonderfulscenewritteninapoembyWangBo,

（10）famouspoetinTangDynasty.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.which

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。which指代先行詞ChangxingIsland,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。

■2.belongs

考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：belongto意為“屬于"，應(yīng)該使用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（不能用被動(dòng)）。其次，此處講的是客觀事

實(shí)“長(zhǎng)興島隸屬寶山區(qū)管轄”，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，填寫belongs。

■3.developed

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞

解析:本題考查make...done（使…被…）。此處make的賓語是ChangxingIsland'stourism

industry（長(zhǎng)興島的旅游業(yè)），與所填詞develop形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系（旅游業(yè)被發(fā)展）。故采用被動(dòng)結(jié)

構(gòu)，make...developed。

■4.where

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞Wusongdock（吳淞碼頭）在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIslandatWusongdock,所以此處atwhich銜接從句?，F(xiàn)在由于

只挖了一個(gè)空，可采用關(guān)系副詞where來替代。

■5.whose

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：00a.m.to7:00p.m.（申崇二線的運(yùn)行時(shí)間是從早上六點(diǎn)到晚上七點(diǎn)），所以此處使用

whose來連接上下句。

■6.yourselves

考查代詞

解析：此處考察詞組enjoyoneself（玩得高興）。由于前文提及youandyourfamilymembersor

friends,可見此處應(yīng)當(dāng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

■7.can

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)句意,“那里上千畝的橘子能夠每年生產(chǎn)175萬公斤”，

故填cano

■8.Since

考查連詞

解析：后文有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)hasbeenheld作為提示，再根據(jù)句意“自從二十世紀(jì)八卜年代以來，

每年秋天農(nóng)場(chǎng)都舉行橘子節(jié)”，可知，本處填寫Since較為合適。

■9.Besides

考查介詞

解析：本處考察上下文的邏輯分析能力。前面講長(zhǎng)興島是著名的“橘子之鄉(xiāng)”，后面講長(zhǎng)興島

也是個(gè)享受竹筏漂流的地方，兩者是“同時(shí)包括在內(nèi)”的關(guān)系。因此，填寫besides,表明“在

長(zhǎng)興島既可享受美味的橘子，還可玩漂流等親水項(xiàng)目”。

■10.a

考查冠詞

解析：此處填寫冠詞a,構(gòu)成afamouspoet（一位著名的詩人），來作為前文WangB。的同位

語。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)424限時(shí)11分鐘

HotDrinksLinkedtoCancer

Nexttimeyoumakeyourselfahotcupofteaorcoffee,youmightwanttoletitcooldownabit

beforedrinking.ResearcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffQjhelpyouavoid

somekindsofcancer.Infact,theUnitedNations'cancerresearchagencydecided(2)

(list)hotdrinkswithlead,gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic."Inotherwords,

eachonecouldcausecancer.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)ispartof

由eWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).TheIARCpublishedthefindingsinthemedicaljournal

LancetOncology.ResearchersatIARCfoundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degrees

Celsius,when(3)(swallow),cancausecanceroftheesophagus.

Theresearchersexaminedfindingsfromotherstudies⑷teaandcoffeewereoften

servedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswerecompletedinIran,ChinaandSouth

America.Indevelopedcountries,healthexperts[5](link)esophagealcancerto

smokingandalcoholicdrinksinmanystudies.However,thisformofcanceris(6)

(common)inareaswherepeopledrinkbeveragesatveryhightemperatures.

InEuropeandtheUnitedStates,manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degrees

Celsius.Andtheyoftenaddmilkwhichlowersthetemperatureconsiderably.(7)tea-

drinkersinIranandmate-drinkersinSouthAmericaoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserto70

degreesCelsius.Mateisatea-likebrewmadeby(8)(steep)theleavesoftheyerba

mateplantinnear-boilingwater.

TheresearchersnotethatSouthAmericansnotonlydrinktheirmateveryhot,theyalsodrinkit

throughametalstraw.Thissendsthescaldingliquiddirectly(9)thethroat.The

findings,however,aregoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.

In1991,theWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic."WHOofficials

havesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhot

drinkisagreaterriskfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.

ChristopherWildisthedirectoroftheIARC.WhenhespokewiththeAFPnewsagency,hesaid

theresults"suggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesisoneprobablecauseofesophagealcancerand

thatitisthetemperature,(10)(止匕題2空)thedrinksthemselves,thatappearstobe

responsible,"TheNationalCoffeeAssociationcalledthechange"greatnewsforcoffeedrinkers.'1

Buthowcommonisesophagealcancer?Worldwide,itistheeighthmostcommoncancer.Cancer

oftheesophaguskilledabout400,000peoplein2012.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.could

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

解析：文章第一句說你下次喝一杯熱茶或熱咖啡之前，你或許可以先冷卻一下。接下來說研

究者指出讓熱飲冷卻一下能夠幫助你避免某些類型的癌癥。表示能夠的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而且表達(dá)

委婉的語氣，因此用could。

■2.tolist

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞中的動(dòng)詞不定式

解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞decide的用法,“decidetodosth”表示決定做某事，該句的意思是美國(guó)

癌癥研究部門決定將熱飲和鉛，汽油等一同列入容易致癌的名單中。

■3.swallowed

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞中的動(dòng)詞-ed形式。

解析：研究人員指出65攝氏度以上的熱飲，當(dāng)被吞咽時(shí)一，容易導(dǎo)致食道癌，因?yàn)橹髡Z熱飲

“drink”和動(dòng)詞"swallow”吞咽之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用swallowed

■4.where

考查主從復(fù)合句，(考查從句引導(dǎo)詞，比如：which,that...)

解析：本題考查限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是。therstudies,定語從句中缺少表示地點(diǎn)

的狀語，所以用where。意思是研究人員也檢查了茶和咖啡通常在70攝氏度以上飲用的研

究。

■5.havelinked

考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：根據(jù)這句話的意思，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，健康專家在許多研究中已經(jīng)表明食道癌和抽煙喝酒

有關(guān)。所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。

■6.morecommon

考查形容詞與副詞（比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）

解析：承接上句，相比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，然而，在一些人們經(jīng)常飲用高溫飲品的地區(qū)，食道癌更為

常見。所以用比較級(jí)。

■7.However

考查連詞（并列連詞，考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系）

解析：前一句說在美國(guó)和歐洲，人們主要喝60度左右的飲品，但是在伊朗和南美人們喜歡

喝七十度以上的飲品。用However表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

■8.steeping

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞中的動(dòng)詞-ing形式

解析：巴拉圭茶是一種像茶的釀造酒，通過將巴拉圭樹的葉子浸泡在接近沸騰的水中，介詞

by后面跟動(dòng)詞?ing形式，所以用steeping

■9.into

考查介詞

解析：該句的意思是南美人將滾燙的水從金屬的茶壺里直接倒入喉嚨里喝，考查"sendinto”

倒入

■10.ratherthan/insteadof

考查介詞

解析：根據(jù)本句的意思ChristopherWild認(rèn)為可能是熱飲的溫度而不是熱飲本身導(dǎo)致了食道

癌，所以填介詞ratherthan/insteadof。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)267限時(shí)10分鐘

McDonald'sSzechuanSauceWillReturnThisWinter

LateSunday,McDonald'sreleasedastatementpromisingtobringbackthelimited-editionsauce

againatadatetobedetermined."Yesterday,weweretrulysurprisedatthe(1)(amaze)

curiosityandpassionthatthecommunityshowedtowelcomebackSzechuanSauce,[2)

(此題兩空)itwasjustforoneday.”thecompanysaidinastatement.44Andoursuper-limited

batch(批次)，thoughwell-intentioned,clearlywasfarfromenough(3)(meet)

customers9demands."(4)(announce)thatitwasgoingto“makethisright”,

McDonald'spromisedthatthisdippingsaucewouldreturninagreatquantityinthenearfuture.

“We'rebringingmore,alotmore,⑸(此題兩空)SzechuanSauce(四川辣醬)willbe

availabletoanyfanatanearbyMcDonald,s,^^thecompanysaid.McDonald^Szechuansauce,

(6)wasalimitededitioncondimenttiedtothereleaseofDisney'sfamouscartoonMulanin

1998,hasseenitsprofilerisethankstoRick&Morty,acartoonsci-fisitcoms(情景劇)madeby

TheAdultSwimseries[7]themaincharactercomplaintabouttheunavailabilityof

SzechuanSauce.Thatled[8]McDonald'slaterpromisetobringbackthisweekend.

Theonlyproblemwas（9）demandexceeded（超過）supply,whichmademanyRick&

Mortyfansangry."personallythoughtitwasasaucethatwastryingtoohardinaworldwherewith

McNuggetssauceyoujustwantsomethingtotastelikehoneyorlikeaBBQsauce,“co-creatorDan

Hannontoldaboutthesauce.uItwas（10）saucethatwastryingtoproveitwasdifferent

andittastedmuchbetterthananordinarysauceshouldbe.”

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.amazing

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞-ing形式

解析：本題填寫現(xiàn)在分詞amazing（令人驚訝的），修飾curiosityandpassion（好奇心與熱情）。

■2.evenif/eventhough

考查連接詞詞組

解析：首先，根據(jù)“后文是一句完整的句子itwasjustforoneday”可知，此處需填入連詞。又

根據(jù)句意“即使它（四川辣醬）只發(fā)售一天，社區(qū)對(duì)歡迎四川辣醬回歸的好奇心與熱情讓人感

到驚訝”，可判斷，此處應(yīng)填evenif或eventhough

■3.tomeet

考查動(dòng)詞不定式

解析：本題考查beenoughtodo結(jié)構(gòu)，故填tomeet。整個(gè)句群...wasfarfromenoughtomeet

customers9demands的句意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠滿足顧客的需求

■4.Announcing

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?ing形式

解析：句子的主干部分為McDonald'spromisedthat…，promised是全句的謂語，故橫線處

的announce應(yīng)使用非謂語形式。此處句意為“麥當(dāng)勞宣布它將讓一切好起來”，是主動(dòng)的，

故填A(yù)nnouncingo

■5.sothat

考查連接詞詞組

解析：首先，根據(jù)“后文是一句完整的句子SzechuanSaucewillbeavailabletoanyfanatanearby

McDonakTs”可知，此處需填入連詞。再根據(jù)前文We，rebringingmore,alolmore（我們正在生

產(chǎn)更多辣醬）可知，此處所填連詞"表結(jié)果'’（生產(chǎn)更多辣醬,以至于人人都能吃到了），故填so

thato

■6.which

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。所填詞修飾先行詞Szechuansauce,在從句中充當(dāng)主語，應(yīng)選用

關(guān)系代詞。又因?yàn)闄M線前有逗號(hào)（非限定性定語從句），故只能填which,不能填that。

■7.where

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句中的先行詞。所填詞修飾先行詞series（連續(xù)?。?，在從句中充當(dāng)狀

語（intheseriesthemaincharactercomplaintabout...）,故填寫關(guān)系副詞where（相當(dāng)于in

which）

■8.to

考查介詞

解析：本題考查固定搭配leadto（led是lead的過去式形式），意為“導(dǎo)致”

■9.that

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題為“表語從句填寫ihal在句中補(bǔ)充當(dāng)任何成份，起到連接主從句的作用。上下

文句意為“唯一的問題是，供大于求”。

■10.a

考查冠詞

解析：前文己經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一次itwasasaucethatwastrying…，形成重要提示。故此處也填寫

a,與之形成對(duì)稱。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)553限時(shí)8分鐘

OverweightAsian-AmericansSeenMoreAmerican

WhatdoesanAmericanlooklike?Nearly1,300Americans,mostlycollegestudents,wereasked

thatquestionforarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Theywereshownpicturesofpeopleand

askedbyUniversityofWashingtonresearcherswholookedAmericantothem.(1)Over-

weightAsian-AmericansweremorelikelytobeseenasAmericansthannormalweightAsian-

Americans,theresearcherssaid.Researcherswhoworkedonthestudybelievethisallfitsinto

commonstereotypes.[2]AndonecommonstereotypeisthatAsiansarethinand

mostAmericansareheavy,theresearcherssaid.SapnaCheryanisaco-authorofthestudy.Shealso

teachespsychologyattheUniversityofWashington.Shesaidthefindingsshowanunusualbenefit

foroverweightAsian-Americans.Shenotedthatoverweightpeopleoftenfacediscrimination.But

CheryansaidthatbeingoverweightmakesAsian-AmericansseenmoreAmerican.Thatmakesthem

lesslikelytofacediscriminationdirectedatthosebelievedtobeforeign,shesaid.Cheryansaidher

interestinethnicandracialstereotypesgoesbacktoheryouthinUrbana,Illinois.SheisIndian-

Americanandrememberspeoplewouldpraisehermotherbecauseshe"spokeEnglishsowell."It

wasasiftheydidnotexpectawomanwhoappearedtocomefromaforeigncountrytospeak

English,shesaid.Cheryanalsoremembersworryingwhenfriendswouldcomeovertoherhouse.

ShewasembarrassedthatherfamilyservedIndianfood.Thefoodseemed"different”comparedto

AmericanfavoritessuchaspizzaandDoritos.TheresearchonhowpeopleseeAsian-Americansis

afollow-upofher2011research.ItfoundAsian-Americanswerethreetimesaslikelytoorder

AmericanfoodafterbeingaskediftheyspokeEnglishthaniftheyhadnotbeenaskedthatquestion.

“(3)“Cheryansaid.ThisisnotalwaysagoodthingforAsian-Americans.Shenotes

thattraditionalAmericanfoodoftencontainsmorecaloriesandfatthanmanyAsiandishes.The

CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionestimatesthat34.5percentofwhiteAmericansare

consideredobese,orveryoverweight.ForAsian-Americans,thepercentageis11.7percent.For

African-Americans,thepercentageofobesityis48percentandforLatinoAmericans,the

percentageis42.5percent.ThenewUniversityofWashingtonstudyshowedpeoplephotosof

peoplefromdifferentracialandethnicgroupstoseeifweightinfluencedtheiropinions.Amongthe

questionsasked:"HowlikelyisthispersontohavebeenbornoutsidetheU.S?Another,nHowlikely

isitthatthisperson*snativelanguageisEnglish?nWeightdidmakeadifferenceinhowpeople

decidedwhetherAsian-AmericanswereAmericans.ThosequestionedbytheUniversityof

WashingtonresearchersalsolookedatpicturesofLatinos,whitesandAfrican-Americans.

(4)Thissupportedtheiropinionthatpeoplebelievedtobefromforeigncountrieswhere

peoplearebelievedtobemostlythinareconsideredmorelikelytobeAmericaniftheyare

overweight.TheresearchersnotedthatmanyAmericansbelieveLatinosareoverweight.Asaresult,

overweightLatinosarenotseenasmorelikelytobeAmericans—aswasthecasewithAsian-

Americans.

A.Astereotypeisabelief,oftenuntrue,thatmanyhaveaboutagroupofpeople

B.Thesuggestionisthatmaybepeopleavoidfoodsthatarestereotypicaloftheirethnicgroupso

thattheywouldfitinbetter

C.Theresearchersfoundthatweightdidnotinfluencewhethertheysawwhites,African-Americans

andLatinosasbeingAmericans

D.ThemostsurprisinganswerwashowpeoplesawAsian-Americans

E.MostAsian-Americansanswerthequestionwithouthesitation

F.Somestereotypesderivefromdiscriminationagainstcertaingroup

【參考答案與解題思路】

■I.D

考查前后段落之間關(guān)系，比如：作為過渡句

解析：第一段指出華盛頓大學(xué)的研究人員給被試人員展示照片并詢問哪個(gè)照片更像美國(guó)人，

第二段的第一句話是超重的亞裔美國(guó)人比正常體重的亞裔美國(guó)人看上去更像是美國(guó)人。因此

答案是D選項(xiàng)，令人吃驚的結(jié)果是人們?nèi)绾慰创齺喴崦绹?guó)人，作為過渡句，承上啟下。

■2.A

考查前后句子之間關(guān)系，比如：空格在一個(gè)段落中間

解析：前一句是研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)結(jié)果符合常見的偏見現(xiàn)象，后一句是并且一種常見的偏見就

是亞洲人很瘦而大多數(shù)的美國(guó)人很胖。所以這兩個(gè)句子中間的句子應(yīng)該解釋什么是偏見，偏

見就是一種對(duì)一群人的觀念，而這種觀念經(jīng)常是錯(cuò)誤的。

■3.B

考查前后句子之間關(guān)系，比如：空格在一個(gè)段落中間

解析：前一句是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)亞裔美國(guó)人點(diǎn)餐時(shí)，當(dāng)被問道是否會(huì)說英語時(shí)，會(huì)比不被問時(shí)，

點(diǎn)美國(guó)食物的概率多兩倍。這表明了他們可能為了更好地融入美國(guó)社會(huì)，刻意避免買他們民

族的食物。

■4.C

考查前后段落之間關(guān)系，比如：作為過渡句

解析：上一段說體重確實(shí)作為人們判斷亞裔美國(guó)人是否作為美國(guó)人的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，而研究

者發(fā)現(xiàn)體重并沒有影響他們判斷白人，非洲裔和拉丁裔是不是美國(guó)人。下一段說這也支持了

來自身材偏瘦國(guó)家的外國(guó)人，當(dāng)他們超重時(shí)會(huì)被認(rèn)為更像美國(guó)人的觀點(diǎn)。因此選擇C

體裁說明文詞數(shù)655限時(shí)10分鐘

RunninginColdWeatherImprovesPerformance

Coldweatherduringwintermonthsmaykeepmanypeoplefromleavinghomeandrunninginthe

openair.However,anewstudyshowsthatthedropintemperatureisagoodreasontorun.Infact,

researcherssay,runningincoldweatherhelpsimproveone'sperformance.Manypeoplesayrunning

inthewintercanbedifficult.Tworeasonsarethelowtemperaturesandbitterwinds.Yetmany

runnersmightfinditeasierthanrunninginhotweather.Thatcouldbe⑴lower

temperaturereducestressonthebody.Whenyourunincoldweather,yourheartrateandthebody's

dehydrationlevelsarelowerthaninwarmerconditions.Thebodyneedslesswateronacoldday

thaninwarmweather.ThisinformationcomesfromsportsscientistsatSt.Mary'sUniversityin

London.JohnBrewerisaprofessorof(2)(apply)sportscienceatSt.Mary's.For

thisstudy,heandotherresearchersputagroupofpeopleintoaroomtheycalledan"environmental

chamber."Theresearchersthenrecreatedsummerandwinterweatherconditionsintheroom.The

testsubjects⑶(ask)torun10,000metersunderbothconditions.Brewersaysheand

histeamrecordedbiologicalmeasurementsoftherunners.''We'vegotagroupofsubjectsintothe

environmentalchamber,we'vechangedtheconditions[4)(replicate)thesummeror

winterandwe'vegotthemtoruna10kunderbothofthoseconditionsandtakenvarious

measurementsoneachrunnerwhilstthey*vebeencompletingtheir10k.HBrewersaysevery

movementrunnersmakeproducesheat.Heexplainsthatonewayinwhichweloseheatisby

sweating.''Thatheatbuildsupinthebodyandcanbereallydamagingi5]youcanlose

thatheat.Oneofthemechanismsbywhichweloseheatisthroughsweating,butwealsoloseheat

bytransportingthebloodtothesurfaceoftheskin[6)itcanloseheatoutintothe

externalenvironment.Now,thatputsmorestrainontheheart,particularlyinhotconditionsbecause

it'smuchhardertoloseheatwhentheexternalenvironmentiswarmaswell."Andthatincreased

strain,addsBrewer,canbeconsiderable.Runninginhighertemperaturesresultsinfasterheart

rates."Wefound,forexample,thatheartrateswereabout6percenthigherinthehotterconditions.

Wefoundthattherunnersdehydratedbyaround30,38percentmorein[7)hotter

conditions.Andtheyfounditabout30percenteasier—thetestoftheirthermalregulation,howthey

felt,(and)theirperceptionofheat—wasaroundathirdlowerwhentheywererunningincold

conditions."Thebodydoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodtotheskin'ssurface.Brewer

saysthatmeansrunningincoolertemperaturesrequireslessenergy.Headdsthatseriousrunners

couldcutvaluableseconds(8)theirpersonalbesttimesbychoosingtoruninthe

winter."Ifyoulookattop-levelspoils,ifyoulookatthelikesofMoFarahrunninglOKsand

winningworldandOlympicchampionships;thedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureisseconds,

andit'scertainlynotminutes.Wecanbeveryconfidentthatincoolerconditionsyoucancertainly

sliceadecentpercentageoftimeoffyourpersonalbest."Severalwebsitesnotethat(9)

(important)thingforpeoplewhorunincoldconditionsistoweartherightclothing.Keepingasdry

aspossibleisthekeyissuewhenexercisinginlowtemperatures.Wearmittensonyourhands

(10)(止匕題2空)gloves.Wearshoesthatwillkeepyoufromfalling.Andespecially,wearmorethan

onelayerofclothingtokeepsweatawayfromyourskin.So,ifyouarearunner,don'tletwinter

weatherkeepyouindoors.Simplygetreadyforthelowtemperaturesandstartrunning.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.because

本題考查連詞

解析：上一句提到“許多人覺得在天冷的時(shí)候跑步比天熱的時(shí)候更容易”，本句的下半句說“更

低的溫度可以減少身體的壓力”，其實(shí)是在解釋上一句的原因。所以用because表示原因。

■2.applied

本題考查非謂語

解析：apply的過去分詞applied可以用作形容詞，意為“應(yīng)用的"。appliedsportscience是一

門學(xué)科，意為“應(yīng)用運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)

■3.wereasked

本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：本句意為“測(cè)試對(duì)象對(duì)要求在兩種天氣條件下跑10000米“。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用

過去時(shí)。主語testsubject是被要求去跑的，所以用被動(dòng)態(tài)。所以此處填wereasked。

■4.toreplicate

本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞

解析：replicate意為“復(fù)制”?！把芯空吒淖儦夂驐l件的目的是為了模擬夏天和冬天”，動(dòng)詞的

不定式可以用來表示目的，所以用toreplicate。

■5.unless

本題考查連詞

解析：unless意為“除非”。本句意為“儲(chǔ)存在身體內(nèi)過多的熱量是有害的，除非你能散去它

們”。

■6.where

本題考查主從復(fù)合句

解析:此處where是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,先行詞是thesurface

oftheskin。

■7.those

本題考查代詞

解析：that/those可以作指示代詞，指代前文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的內(nèi)容。前文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過hot

conditions,而且又是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用those?

■8.off

本題考查介詞

解析：cut…off…表示“從什么中切掉什么”。此處意為“從自己最寶貴的時(shí)間的時(shí)間里抽出-

些”。

■9.themostimportant

本題考查形容詞

解析：根據(jù)文意，此處表達(dá)的是最高級(jí)的意思，所以用most的最高級(jí)。

■10.insteadof

本題考查連接詞詞組

解析：mittens指連指手套，而gloves指一般的手套。此處是說“在冷天跑步的時(shí)候，建議戴

連指手套而不是普通手套工

體裁說明文詞數(shù)503限時(shí)10分鐘

Fruits,VegetablesCanLowerBloodPressure

Wemaynotneedanotherstudytellingusthatfruitsandvegetablesaregoodforourbodies.But

researchandstudiescanhelpustounderstandhowfoodsaffectourbodiesingoodwaysand

bad.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia'sKeckSchoolhavefound(1)

greatreasontoeatmorefruitsandvegetables.Theysaythatpotassium-richfoodslikesweet

potatoes,avocados,spinachandbananascouldhelptoloweryourbloodpressure.Highblood

pressure,_________(2)_____hypertension,isaninternationalproblem.ExpertsattheWorldHealth

Organizationsaymorethanonebillionpeoplesufferfromhighbloodpressure.Theconditioncauses

51percentofdeaths(3)strokeand45percentofdeathsduetoheartdisease.Health

officialsintheU.S.sayheartdiseaseandstroketogetherkillmoreAmericanseachyearthanany

othercause.Yearsofresearch[4](link)sodium,orsalt,intaketoincreasedblood

pressure.So,officialsadvisepeopletousesaltinmoderation.ExpertsattheUnitedStatesCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventionsayAmericansgetmostoftheirsodium-about75%—from

processedfoodsandeatingatrestaurants.Thisisagoodreasontoeatfreshfood(5)

(prepare)athome.AliciaMcDonoughisaprofessorofcellandneurobiologyattheKeckSchoolof

Medicine.Sheledthisrecentstudy.McDonoughsaysthateatinglesssodiumisawell-knownway

tolowerbloodpressure.Butshealsosaysevidencesuggeststhateatingmorepotassiummayhave

anequallyimportanteffectonhypertension.Forherresearch,sheexaminedstudiesthatlookedat

thelinkbetweenpotassiumandsodium.McDonoughfoundthatpeoplewhoatemorepotassium

generallyhadlowerbloodpressureunconnectedtohowmuchsodiumtheyate.Herresearch

suggeststhatthebodydoescreatesabalance,usingsodiumtocontrolpotassiumlevelsintheblood.

“Whendietarypotassiumishigh,"shesays,"kidneysexcretemoresaltandwater,(6)

increasespotassiumexcretion.'1Thisprocesscleansthekidneys.Sheexplainsthatashumans

evolved,theyateadietrichinpotassium,butlowinsodium.Thishasleadustocravesodium,not

potassium.'*______(7)_____youeatatypicalWestemdiet,"shesays,nyoursodiumintakeishigh

andyourpotassiumintakeislow."Sheaddsthatthisgreatly''increasesyourchancesof(8)

(develop)highbloodpressure."McDonoughpublishedherstudyintheApril2017issueof

theAmericanJournalofPhysiology-EndocrinologyandMetabolism.HealthexpertsattheCDCagree

that"eatingenoughpotassiumeachdaycanhelpbalanceoutsomeoftheharmfuleffectsthathigh

sodiumintakecanhaveonbloodpressure."[9]theyalsosaythateatinglesssodium

isimportantaswell.Onitswebsite,theCDCliststhesefruitsandvegetables--andotherfoods—

asbeinggoodsourcesofpotassium.Buthowmuchpotassiumshouldweeateachday?A2004

studybytheInstituteofMedicineshowsadults(10)eatabout4.7gramsof

potassiumadaytolowerbloodpressure.McDonoughsayseatingabout60gramsofbeanswould

provide50percentofthat.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.another

考查形容詞

解析：原文第一段說我們不需要另外的研究告知我們水果和蔬菜對(duì)我們的身體有益，但是研

究可以幫助我們理解水果和蔬菜是如何對(duì)我們的身體產(chǎn)生好處和壞處的。接下來第二段說一

項(xiàng)新的研窕就給了我們多吃水果蔬菜的另一個(gè)重要原因是可以降血壓。故在名詞reason前

填形容詞anothero

■2.or

考查連詞(并列連詞，考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系)

解析：高血壓，或者專業(yè)名稱叫做hypertension,是一個(gè)世界范圍內(nèi)的大問題。所以填連詞

or,表示選擇關(guān)系。

■3.from

考查介詞

解析:前一句提到世界健康組織統(tǒng)計(jì)每年超過10億人死于高血壓,接著說高血壓造成了51%

的人死于中風(fēng)，45%的人死于心臟疾病。表示表示死的原因,die后既可接介詞of,也可接

from,兩者的區(qū)別是：若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般

用介詞of.如：dieofillness(hearttrouble,cancer,afever,etc)；若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上,

而是由環(huán)境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介詞from.如：diefroman

earthquake(atrafficaccident,alightning,astroke,etc)

■4.havelinked

考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：根據(jù)這句話的意思，多年的研究已經(jīng)將鈉，或者是鹽的攝入量和高血壓聯(lián)系在一起，

所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。

■5.