考點(diǎn)分類練10　主旨大意題(1)閱讀理解2025年高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪專題英語A課后習(xí)題專項(xiàng)能力提升練含答案

考點(diǎn)分類練10主旨大意題(1)閱讀理解2025年高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪專題英語A課后習(xí)題專項(xiàng)能力提升練含答案考點(diǎn)分類練(十)主旨大意題(1)Passage1(2024福建泉州三模)主題:改造舊飛機(jī)詞數(shù):305難度:★★★☆☆BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.Forabout$220,000,hepurchasedaGreekairliner—aBoeing727-400—thatloggedabout40,000flightsinitspeak.BeforeCampbellgothishandsonhisBoeing727andtransformeditintotheairplanehomehelivesin,thisaircraftsawregularuseasittransportedallkindsofpeopletoallsortsofdestinations.Afterthesuccessfultransform,hehostedabigDJdancepartywithacoupleoffriends.Theparty,calledTurbulence:ADancePartyata727intheWoods,happenedrightonthewing!Guestswhoattendedthepartyalsogottheopportunitytotakealookattheairplanehome.Overall,theygottheattentionof14,000Metauserswhowereinterestedinwhatsoundedlikeanincredibleparty.Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehomeduringthebeginningof2018ontheKyushuIslandcoastbecausehewantedittoserveasasafeplaceforthelocalcommunityaswell.PartofBruceCampbell’svisionwastomakeanairlinerthatdoubledasalifeboatincasetsunami(海嘯)threatswereissued.Hewantedthegeneralpublictofindoutthatplanesarecapableofsurvivinghundredsofyearsandthecruelestweatherconditionsthankstoitssealedpressuretechnology.Campbelladoredtheexcitementthathereceivedwhenherecycledairplanesandhopedthatpeoplewouldseriouslyconsideritaftertheygotthechancetoseehishomeduringtoursandevents.Hehaspostedonhiswebsitethatitishisgoalto“inspirearenaissance(復(fù)興)ofthoughtabouthowtoemploythisremarkableresource”.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機(jī)改造成家的故事。1.WhatdrewwidepublicattentiontoCampbell’sfirsttransformedplane?A.Itshighresidentialcomfortlevel.B.Itsremarkabletransportingcapacity.C.Theincrediblyhightransformationcost.D.TheMetapostofapartyheldonit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,Meta上舉辦派對的帖子吸引了公眾對Campbell第一架改裝飛機(jī)的廣泛關(guān)注,故選D項(xiàng)。2.WhatdidCampbellthinkthesecondplanecouldserveas?A.Atsunamiwarningcenter.B.Ameetingplaceforlocalcommunity.C.Atemporaryshelterindisasters.D.Anengineeringworkshop.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehome...incasetsunamithreatswereissued.”可知,Campbell認(rèn)為第二架飛機(jī)可以用作災(zāi)難中的臨時(shí)避難所,故選C項(xiàng)。3.WhydidCampbelltransformtheplanes?A.Todirectattentiontohousingproblems.B.Tosatisfyhisscientificcuriosity.C.Toadvocateagreenerlifestyle.D.Tocallforparticipationinrecycling.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段內(nèi)容可知,Campbell改造飛機(jī)是為了呼吁市民參與循環(huán)再造。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aformerengineerturningretiredplanesintohome.B.Recenttrendsofrenaissance-themeddecoration.C.Atalentedhomedesignerreceivingonlinefame.D.Diverseapproachesforsustainableliving.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,結(jié)合第一段“BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.”可知,文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機(jī)改造成家的故事,A項(xiàng)“一位前工程師把退役的飛機(jī)變成了家”能夠總結(jié)文章大意。Passage2(2024浙江紹興二模)主題:棄用草書詞數(shù):336難度:★★★☆☆I(lǐng)havealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn’treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI’djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A.”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I’mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小學(xué)時(shí)對自己的草書書法感到自豪,到意識到現(xiàn)代趨勢使它變得不那么實(shí)用和容易理解的過程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗,但看不懂他們手寫的明信片,所以為了清晰起見,他決定改用印刷體。這一轉(zhuǎn)變象征著一個(gè)更廣泛的社會轉(zhuǎn)變,從手寫交流向打字交流轉(zhuǎn)變,顯示了傳統(tǒng)美感與實(shí)際易讀性之間的斗爭。5.WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A.Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines.B.Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C.Itwasnotallowedinstudents’homework.D.Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.”可知,帕爾默書法的特點(diǎn)是線條大而流暢。故選A項(xiàng)。6.Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A.Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B.Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C.Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D.HisEnglishfriend’ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,作者朋友們無法理解他的明信片削弱了作者對草書的信念。7.Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A.Todeliverhismessageclearly.B.Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C.Towinpraisefromhisfriends.D.Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者改用大寫字母來交流是為了清楚地傳達(dá)他的信息。故選A項(xiàng)。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thewideuseofcursive.B.Thesaddeclineofcursive.C.Thevalueofpreservingcursive.D.Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第二段“Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive.Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.”可知,文章主要講的是草書可悲的衰落。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage3(2024廣東江門一模)主題:環(huán)境DNA技術(shù)詞數(shù):345難度:★★★★☆Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA測序).Similartovirustests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測技術(shù)——環(huán)境DNA(eDNA)技術(shù)即將問世,文章對其進(jìn)行了介紹。9.What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinparagraph2?A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandvirustests.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods...livedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.”可知,作者在第二段提到這個(gè)例子的目的是說明qPCR分析方法的過程。10.What’stheadvantageofeDNAsampling?A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.C.Itenablesscientiststoworkininvisibleenvironment.D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentify...includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.”可知,eDNA取樣的優(yōu)勢是它可以用它的樣本識別任何生物。11.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities.B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments.D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdata...abouttheconditionoftheocean.”可知,eDNA數(shù)據(jù)在未來可以應(yīng)用于為海洋監(jiān)管提供統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。12.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.B.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.C.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.D.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.答案C解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知,文章主要講的是新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測技術(shù)即將問世。考點(diǎn)分類練(十一)主旨大意題(2)Passage1(2024江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模)主題:軟貼片詞數(shù):334難度:★★★☆☆Thehumanvoiceisadelicatething.Eachperson’sdistinctivevoiceisproducedwhenairfromthelungscausesthevocalcords(聲帶)tovibrate(震顫).Thesevocalcordscaneasilygetdamaged.Accordingtoa2005study,30%ofthepopulationwillexperienceavoicedisorderatsomepointintheirlife.InastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsthisweek,agroupofbioengineeringresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahaveputforwardanattractivesolution.Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch(小片)thatcanbestuckontoaperson’sneck,whereitwillpickupmusclemovementsand,withthehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法)thatprocessthesignals,translatethemintospeech.Whenapersonlosestheirvoicetoday,theeasiestfixistoturntotyping,texting,orwritingnotestocommunicate.Typingcanbeslowandconvenient,saysJunChen,thepaper’sleadauthor,andwritingnotesisonlypossibleingoodlighting.Thenewsolutionwouldthereforebeabletoclearallthesehurdles.Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.Inatestwitheightparticipants,thevariationscanbechangedbyelectricalsignals.Researchersrecordedthesignalsasthesubjectsspokeandmouthedfivedifferentsentences.Theythentrainedamachine-learningmodelwhichwasthenabletopredictwhichofthefivesentencestheparticipantsspoke—whetheraloudorinsilence—withmorethan90%accuracy.Thereisawaytogoyet,fornowthedevicecanonlyrecognizethefivephrasesitwastrainedon.Plus,tomakeitpracticalatscale,theresearcherswillneedtocollectalotmoredata.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)最新的科學(xué)研究成果,即一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為語言。1.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Lungsareeasilydamaged.B.Thehumanvoiceisunique.C.Vocalcordsvibratetoproducesound.D.Voicedisordersareaproblemworthyofattention.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知,本段主要想告訴我們聲音障礙是一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題。2.Whydoestheauthormentionthemagnetoelasticeffect?A.Toexplaintheworkingprinciple.B.Topresentasolution.C.Tointroducethechallenge.D.Tomakeacomparison.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch...thesignals,translatethemintospeech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.”可知,作者提到magnetoelasticeffect是為了解釋貼片的工作原理。3.Whatisthefunctionofthesoftpatch?A.Predictingfivedifferentsentences.B.Destroyingthebackgroundmagneticfield.C.Slowingthemovementsofthroatmuscles.D.Helpingturnmusclemovementsintoelectricalsignals.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.”以及第五段的“Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.”可知,軟貼片的功能是幫助將肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為電信號。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PredictingtheImportanceofVoiceRestorationB.UsingAlgorithmsinBioengineeringResearchC.OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatchD.FindingthePrincipleofCommunicationDevices答案C解析主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知,本文主要講述了一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為語言,所以C項(xiàng)“OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatch(用創(chuàng)新的貼片克服失聲)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。Passage2(2024福建莆田二模)主題:刻意學(xué)習(xí)詞數(shù):306難度:★★★☆☆Theyearis1763,anda7-year-oldMozartisabouttosetoffonatouraroundEuropethatwilljump-starttheMozartlegend.Mozarthadatrickuphissleeve.WhenyoungMozartheardanoteplayed—anynote—hecouldimmediatelyidentifyexactlywhichnoteitwas.Itwasanabilitynowweknowas“perfectpitch”,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?Overmyyearsofstudyingexpertsinvariousfields,likeMozart,Ihavefoundthatthere’snosuchthingasapredefinedability.Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough“deliberatepractice”,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.Inthem,potentialisanexpandablevessel,shapedbythevariousthingstheydothroughouttheirlives.OneofmytestimoniescamefromRayAllen,aten-timeAll-StarintheNBA.Allen’sjumpshotwasnotnoticeablybetterthanhisteammates’backinhighschool;infact,itwaspoor.Butwithhardworkanddedication,hetransformedhisjumpshotintoonesogracefulandnaturalthatpeopleassumedhewasbornwithit.Butitdoesn’tmean“Justkeepworkingatit,andyou’llgetthere”.Heartfeltdesireandhardworkalonewillnotleadtoimprovedperformance.Therightsortofpracticecarriedoutoverasufficientperiodoftimewillleadtoimprovement.Nothingelse.Andthisistruewhetherourgoalistobecomeaconcertpianistorjustplaythepianowellenoughtoamuseourselves,tobethegreatestthree-pointshooterorjustbuildourselvesup.Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,刻意練習(xí)是任何人在任何領(lǐng)域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。5.WhyisMozart’sperfectpitchmentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroduceaninborntalent.B.Toexplainreasonsforsuccess.C.Toleadtoreflectionongifts.D.Todefineabrillianttrick.答案C解析推理判斷題。第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”提到年輕的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天賦——“絕對音高”的能力,接著提出一個(gè)問題,事實(shí)真的是這樣嗎?接著第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’”提到實(shí)際上這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“絕對音高”能力是為了導(dǎo)入對天賦的思考。6.Whichisthemostimportantinmakinganexpertaccordingtothewriter?A.Affection. B.Experience.C.Training. D.Gifts.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Therightsortofpracticecarriedout...wishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,在作者看來,成為專家最重要的是刻意練習(xí)。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“testimonies”meaninparagraph3?A.Challenges. B.Proofs.C.Comments. D.Puzzles.答案B解析詞句猜測題。第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.”提到,這些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展的,結(jié)合畫線詞下文可知,本段是通過RayAllen的例子佐證上文的說法,由此推知畫線詞所在句意為“我的一個(gè)佐證來自RayAllen,一個(gè)十次入選NBA全明星的球員”,testimonies意為“證據(jù)”。8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SecretofGreatTalentsB.BorntoStandOutC.ASurprisingDiscoveryD.StartWhenYoung答案A解析主旨大意題。結(jié)合第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”和最后一段中的“Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些人都是通過“刻意練習(xí)”來發(fā)展他們的能力的,刻意練習(xí)是任何人在任何領(lǐng)域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),A項(xiàng)“偉大天賦的秘訣”為最佳標(biāo)題。Passage3(2024陜西渭南二模)主題:研究新發(fā)現(xiàn)詞數(shù):340難度:★★★☆☆Doyouwanttoensureyourchildhitstheirexpecteddevelopmentalmilestones?NewUBCresearchsuggestslivinginareaswithhighexposuretogreenspacecanhelpsetthemupforsuccess.Forthestudy,theresearchersatUBCanalyzedthedevelopmentalscoresof27,372childreninMetroVancouverwhoattendedkindergartenbetween2005and2011.Theyestimatedtheamountofgreenspacearoundeachchild’sresidencefrombirthtoagefive.Theyalsoassessedlevelsoftraffic-relatedairpollutionandcommunitynoise.Theresultshighlightthefundamentalimportanceofnaturalgreenspaceslikestreettrees,parksandcommunitygardens.“Mostofthechildrenweredoingwellintheirdevelopment,intermsoflanguageskills,cognitive(認(rèn)知的)capacity,socializationandotheroutcomes,”saysIngridJarvis,aPhDcandidateinthedepartmentofforestandconservationsciencesatUBC.“Butwhat’sinterestingisthatthosechildrenlivinginaresidentiallocationwithmorevegetationandrichernaturalenvironmentsshowedbetteroveralldevelopmentthantheirpeerswithlessgreenspace.”Accordingtotheresearchers,thereasonforthisispartlygreenspaces’abilitytoreducetheharmfuleffectsofairpollutionandnoise-environmentalchallengesthathavebeenshowntoadversely(不利地)affectchildren’shealthanddevelopmentthroughincreasedstress,sleepdisturbancesandcentralnervoussystemdamage.“Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedthispathwaylinkinggreenspaceanddevelopmentaloutcomesamongchildren,”addsJarvis.TheresearchersassessedearlychildhooddevelopmentusingtheEarlyDevelopmentInstrument(EDI),asurveycompletedbykindergartenteachersforeachchild.Thetoolmeasuresachild’sabilitytomeetage-appropriatedevelopmentalexpectations.“Moreresearchisneeded,butourfindingssuggestthaturbanplanningeffortstoincreasegreenspaceinresidentialneighbourhoodsandaroundschoolsarebeneficialforearlychildhooddevelopment,withpotentialhealthbenefitsthroughoutlife,”saysthestudy’sseniorauthorMatildaBosch.“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。加拿大一所大學(xué)研究所開展的一項(xiàng)研究表明,居住地環(huán)境的綠地面積對孩子們的學(xué)業(yè)水平以及未來事業(yè)成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會影響他們的一生。9.Whichisakeyfactorintheresearchers’study?A.Thekids’scoresfromschoolexams.B.TheaverageIQscoreofthesubjects.C.Thegreenspacewherethekidslived.D.Theairpollutionlevelofthewholecity.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,研究人員分析的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)之一就是這些孩子們居住地的綠地面積。故選C項(xiàng)。10.What’sthemessageimpliedinparagraph4?A.Airpollutionislargelytoblameforkids’failures.B.Kidslivinginanoisyareatendtofeelmorestressed.C.Pollutionharmskids’nervoussystemmorethannoise.D.Greenspaceisdirectlylinkedtokids’mentaldevelopment.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,居住地的噪聲會加大孩子們的心理壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。11.WhatdoesMatildaBoschstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofnatureinkids’growth.B.Theroleofresearchinscientificwork.C.Theproperwayofgivingagoodstarttokids.D.Theurgencyofexpandinggreenspaceincities.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”可知,MatildaBosch強(qiáng)調(diào)了大自然在孩子們的健康成長中所起到的重要作用。12.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatAretheHealthEffectsofNoisePollution?B.GreenSpaces:AGuaranteeforKids’FutureSuccessC.UrbanGreenSpaceandItsImpactonHumanHealthD.TimeinNatureAidsEarlyChildhoodDevelopment答案D解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講加拿大一所大學(xué)研究所開展的一項(xiàng)研究表明,居住地環(huán)境的綠地面積對孩子們的學(xué)業(yè)水平以及未來事業(yè)成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會影響他們的一生。D項(xiàng)“大自然中的時(shí)間有助于兒童早期發(fā)展”符合題意?？键c(diǎn)分類練(十二)主旨大意題(3)Passage1(2024湖南衡陽二模)主題:人工智能詞數(shù):371難度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自動(dòng)化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即興的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著人工智能(AI)和機(jī)器人技術(shù)以驚人的速度發(fā)展,一些人擔(dān)心藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)意人才有被取代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而,韓國工業(yè)技術(shù)研究所(KoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology)的一項(xiàng)新研究恰恰說明了為什么這不能也不應(yīng)該發(fā)生。1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton...andstandsat1.8meters.”可知,第二段主要講述了EveR6機(jī)器人的研發(fā)過程。2.Whatcanbelearnedabout“Feel”?A.Itisapiecefamiliartotheaudience.B.Itisapieceshowingthehuman-robotcooperation.C.ItistheonlypiecethatEveR6willperform.D.Itisapiecerequiringgreatabilitytoconduct.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,‘Feel’byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind”可推知,“Feel”是一個(gè)展示人機(jī)合作的作品。3.WhatroledidSoo-yeolChoiplayintheperformance?A.Hecorrectedtherobot’smistakes.B.HeprogrammedtheEveR6robot.C.Heledtheimprovisationalsectionoftheperformance.D.HewasthemainconductoroftheBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisationalscore,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.”可知,他在表演中指揮演出的即興部分。4.WhatisSoo-yeolChoi’sattitudetowardsEveR6?A.Unclear. B.Uncaring.C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,’Soo-yeolChoisaid,‘butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.’可推知,Soo-yeolChoi對這個(gè)機(jī)器人持支持的態(tài)度。Passage2(2024山東棗莊二模)主題:聊天機(jī)器人詞數(shù):312難度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chat