2022年北京市房山區(qū)高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題

房山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期（中學(xué))期末考試高二英語本試卷共10頁,共100分,時長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將答題卡交回,試卷自行保存。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasmyfirsttimeskiingandIhadbeenpersuadedtocomealongwithagroupoffriends.IwaswonderingwhetherIhadmadea____1____byjoiningthem,becausetheyallhadatleastsome____2____ofskiinginthepastwhileIhadneverevenhadasingleskiinglesson.Wearrivedatourdestinationintheafternoonandmylessonsdidn’tstartuntilthefollowingmorning.TherewasnowayIwasgoingtostaybehindand____3____everyoneelsegoouttoenjoytheskiingwithoutme,soIgrabbedmystuffand____4____outwiththem.Harriet,amemberofourgroup,tookpityonmeandofferedtopairup,givingmesome____5____onhowtogetstarted.Forallofabouttenmetres,Ifelltothegroundinshame.Againtomyfeet,againtothefloor.Andsothesituationcontinueduntilfinally,justonce,Icaughtmy____6____andIwasaway.Idaren’tmoveanythingforfearthatmyrunwouldcometoanuntimelyend.Fromafewfeetbehind,Harrietwasshoutingsomethingencouraging,tryingnottoskipastmeandruinmymomentof____7____.Ionlycoveredatinydistance,butitfelt____8____.Withproperinstructions,Iimprovedquickly.Harrietwasareally____9____teacherandIhadagoodexperience.Winteriscomingagain.Ican’twaittohead____10____totheskiresort.1.A.mistake B.deal C.promise D.contribution2.A.ambition B.assistance C.pressure D.experience3.A.suggest B.watch C.help D.order4.A.broke B.called C.went D.checked5.A.tips B.reasons C.comments D.gifts6.A.tear B.balance C.coat D.idea7.A.accident B.creativity C.victory D.wildness8.A.amazing B.boring C.disappointing D.relaxing9.A.confident B.funny C.strange D.patient10.A.bitterly B.curiously C.excitedly D.nervously【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者第一次滑雪的經(jīng)歷，在組員Harriet的指導(dǎo)下，得到了很好的體驗(yàn)，并在冬天到來時，迫不及待想去滑雪勝地。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在想我加入他們是不是犯了個錯誤，因?yàn)樗麄冞^去都至少有一些滑雪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而我甚至從來沒有上過一節(jié)滑雪課。A.mistake錯誤；B.deal交易；C.promise承諾；D.contribution貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“Ihadneverevenhadasingleskiinglesson”可知，作者因?yàn)闆]有上過滑雪課，開始懷疑自己加入他們是個錯誤。故選A。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在想我加入他們是不是犯了個錯誤，因?yàn)樗麄冞^去都至少有一些滑雪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而我甚至從來沒有上過一節(jié)滑雪課。A.ambition抱負(fù)；B.assistance幫助；C.pressure壓力；D.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)前后文“becausetheyallhadatleastsome…ofskiing”指他們過去都至少有一些滑雪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不可能看著其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的東西，和他們一起出去了。A.suggest建議；B.watch看；C.help幫助；D.order命令。根據(jù)后文“everyoneelsegoouttoenjoytheskiingwithoutme”指作者看著其他人出去滑雪，而自己留下來，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不可能看著其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的東西，和他們一起出去了。A.broke打破；B.called打電話；C.went離開、去；D.checked檢查。根據(jù)后文“outwiththem”可知作者拿了東西和他們一起出去了。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們組的一名成員哈麗特很照顧我，提出要和我結(jié)對，并給了我一些如何開始的建議。A.tips建議；B.reasons理由；C.comments評論；D.gifts禮物。根據(jù)后文“onhowtogetstarted”可知，哈麗特給了作者滑雪的建議。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就這樣，這種情況一直持續(xù)到最后，只有一次，我恢復(fù)了平衡，滑出去了。A.tear淚水；B.balance平衡；C.coat外套；D.idea想法。根據(jù)上文“untilfinally,justonce,Icaughtmy”可知經(jīng)過幾次失敗的嘗試，作者有那么一次掌握了平衡，故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哈麗特就在后面幾英尺的地方喊著什么鼓勵的話，試圖不從我身邊滑過，破壞我勝利的時刻。A.accident事故；B.creativity創(chuàng)造力；C.victory勝利；D.wildness野蠻。根據(jù)后文“Ionlycoveredatinydistance(我只滑了一小段距離)”可知，作者取得了小小的勝利，故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我只滑了一小段距離，但感覺很棒。A.amazing不可思議的、感覺極好的；B.boring無聊的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根據(jù)上文“Ionlycoveredatinydistance,butitfelt”中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知雖然滑得不遠(yuǎn)，但作者仍然感覺很棒。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：哈麗特是一個很有耐心的老師，我有一個很好的經(jīng)歷。A.confident自信的；B.funny有趣的；C.strange奇怪的；D.patient耐心的。結(jié)合上文可知哈麗特耐心指導(dǎo)作者，是個有耐心的老師。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想去滑雪勝地。A.bitterly憤怒地；B.curiously好奇地；C.excitedly興奮地；D.nervously緊張地。根據(jù)上文“Ican’twaittohead”可知作者因?yàn)楹玫慕?jīng)歷，喜歡上了滑雪，迫不及待地想去滑雪勝地。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FlorentijnHofmanisaDutchartist,____11____largesculpturesareondisplayallovertheworld.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisthinkingabouthischildren’stoys.These____12____(object)havegivenhimideasforhisanimalsculptures,suchasthefamousRubberDuck.AmorerecentworkofhisisthehugeFloatingFish,____13____wassetamongthebeautifullandscapeofWuzhenWestScenicZone.【答案】11.whose12.objects13.which【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了FlorentijnHofman是一位荷蘭藝術(shù)家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。對他來說，尋找靈感的一種方式是思考孩子們的玩具。這些物品給了他創(chuàng)作動物雕塑的靈感，比如著名的橡皮鴨。他最近的一個作品是巨大的浮魚，它被設(shè)置在烏鎮(zhèn)西風(fēng)景區(qū)的美麗風(fēng)景中?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：FlorentijnHofman是一位荷蘭藝術(shù)家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞artist，先行詞在從句中作定語，應(yīng)關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose?！?2題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：這些物品給了他創(chuàng)作動物雕塑的靈感，比如著名的橡皮鴨。object為可數(shù)名詞，由these修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填objects。【13題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他最近的一個作品是“巨大的浮魚”，它被設(shè)置在烏鎮(zhèn)西風(fēng)景區(qū)的美麗風(fēng)景中。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞thehugeFloatingFish，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.He____14____(leave)Englandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechance____15____(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshe____16____(collect).Ashestudiedthese,heasked____17____(he)thequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?【答案】14.left15.tostudy16.hadcollected17.himself【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了達(dá)爾文年輕時的南美之旅。【14題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：1831年，他乘坐Beagle號離開英國。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處缺少謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語in1831可知，本句時態(tài)為一般過去時。故填left。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這次旅行使他有機(jī)會研究自然環(huán)境中的各種生物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填入動詞不定式作thechance的定語。故填tostudy?！?6題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：達(dá)爾文在南美呆了一段時間后，船上房間里擠滿了他收集的動植物樣本。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處缺少從句的謂語，主句為一般過去時，從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，因而需用過去完成時。故填hadcollected?！?7題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：當(dāng)他研究這些時，他問自己一個問題：不同的物種是如何存在的？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處缺少賓語，賓語與主語he為同一人，因而用反身代詞。故填himself。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inmostcountries,____18____(turn)18marksthestartofadulthood.Butwhatdoesreachingthismilestone,theageofmajority,reallymean?Willyoube____19____(complete)inchargeofyourownlifeandabletoexpressyourselfinnewandexcitingways?Whatnewresponsibilitieswillitbring?Someyoungpeoplehavebeguntofeelmoreawareofotherpeopleandtodevelopa____20____(strong)senseofsocialresponsibilitiesthanbefore.【答案】18.turning19.completely20.stronger【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了在大多數(shù)國家，18歲標(biāo)志著成年的開始。但是，到了成年這一里程碑，究竟意味著什么呢？你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人興奮的方式表達(dá)自己嗎？它會帶來什么新的責(zé)任？一些年輕人開始比以前更關(guān)心他人，培養(yǎng)了更強(qiáng)的社會責(zé)任感?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在大多數(shù)國家，18歲標(biāo)志著成年的開始。作主語，turn應(yīng)用動名詞形式。故填turning?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人興奮的方式表達(dá)自己嗎？修飾后文介詞短語應(yīng)用副詞completely，故填completely?！?0題詳解】考查比較級。句意：一些年輕人開始比以前更關(guān)心他人，培養(yǎng)了更強(qiáng)的社會責(zé)任感。根據(jù)后文thanbefore可知應(yīng)用比較級。故填stronger。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.AmazonRainforestTourAshortflightfromCuscotakesyoufromtheAndesintotheAmazonrainforest.Fromthere,you’llspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyouraccommodationinthemiddleoftheforest.Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.MachuPicchuTourThisfour-daywalkingtourwilltakeyouonamazingpathsthroughtheAndesMountainsonthewaytothecityofMachuPicchu.Afterreachingyourdestination,youwillhaveadaytoexploreandbeamazedbythisancientcity.EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.Incabuilderscutstonestoexactsizessothatnothingwasneededtoholdwallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.CuscoTourSpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.Stayinalocalhotel,visitthemuseums,admirethearchitecture,enjoytheexcellentlocalfood,andgoshoppingatthelocalmarkets.LakeTiticacaTourEnjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.ThereaboatwilltakeyoutostaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanislandforthreedays.BoththeislandandtheUroshomesaremadeofwaterplantsfromthelake.SocomeandexperiencewhatPeruhastooffer:everythingfromtheancientIncacultureandcenturies—oldSpanishvillagestodeeprainforests,highmountains,andabeautifulcoastline.21.WhatisspecialabouttheMachuPicchuTour?A.Peoplecanexploretherainforestwithalocalguide.B.PeoplecanstaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanisland.C.Peoplecanenjoytheplantsandanimalsuniquetotheforest.D.PeoplecanknowabouttheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.22.WhichtourwouldyourecommendtopeoplewhoenjoylocalIndianculture?A.AmazonRainforestTour. B.MachuPicchuTour.C.CuscoTour. D.LakeTiticacaTour.23.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthepassage?A.Onasciencewebsite. B.Inatravelbrochure.C.Inanenvironmentalreport. D.Inabiologymagazine.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了去秘魯旅行的四種旅游套餐?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MachuPicchuTour中“EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.(尤其令人驚嘆的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，馬丘比丘之旅的獨(dú)特之處在于人們可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CuscoTour部分中“SpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.(在安第斯山脈高處的庫斯科，花四天時間欣賞獨(dú)特的西班牙和當(dāng)?shù)氐挠《任幕?，庫斯科?3世紀(jì)至16世紀(jì)印加帝國的首都)”可知，你會向喜歡印度當(dāng)?shù)匚幕娜送扑]CuscoTour。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“PeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.(秘魯是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一個國家，主要有三個地區(qū)：狹窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脈和亞馬遜雨林)”可知，本文是一篇關(guān)于去秘魯旅行包價旅游的廣告宣傳，因此你最可能在旅行手冊上讀到這篇文章。故選B項(xiàng)。BTheairisthinandwehavetorestseveraltimesontheshorthikefromcamp.Toourleft,snow-coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.Onthegrasslandinfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.TibetanantelopesliveontheplainsofTibet,Xinjiang,andQinghai.Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass.I’mstruckbytheirbeauty.I’malsoremindedofthedangertheyarein.Theyarebeinghunted,illegally,fortheirvaluablefur.MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureRcserve.Itcoversanarcaofabout120,000squaremiles.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.ToZhaxi,protectingthewildlifeisawayoflife.“We’renottryingtosavetheanimals,”hesays.“Actually,we’retryingtosaveourselves.”The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakemoney.Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.Inordertosavethisspeciesfromextinction,theChinesegovernmentplaceditundernationalprotection.Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.Bridgesandgateswereaddedtolettheantelopesmoveeasilyandkeepthemsafefromcarsandtrains.Themeasureswereeffective.TheantelopepopulationhasrecoveredandinJune2015,theTibetanantelopewasremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.Thegovernment,however,doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes,sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.24.WhydidthewritervisitTibet?A.TowatchtheTibetanantelopes. B.Togoonashorthikefromcamp.C.Toseethesnow-coveredmountains. D.TovisittheirfriendZhaxiinChangtang.25.WhathappenedtotheTibetanantelopesinthe1980sand1990s?A.Theirhabitatsdisappeared. B.Theywereattackedbyotheranimals.C.Theywereshotbyhuntersformoney. D.Theirpopulationdroppedbylessthan50percent.26.WhatcanweknowabouttheChangtangNationalNatureReserve?A.Itwasbuiltbyvolunteersandvillagers.B.Itsprotectionprogrammeshavebeenstopped.C.Itwasfoundedtoprotectthewildlifethatlivethere.D.Itsantelopesareonthelistofendangeredspeciesnow.27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?ATheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.B.Protectingwildlifeisprotectingourselves.C.ChangtangisthebestplacetoobserveTibetanantelopes.D.Morevolunteersareneededtokeeptheantelopesfromattacks.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文中記錄了去西藏觀察藏羚羊的經(jīng)歷，并且在與導(dǎo)游扎西的溝通中了解到保護(hù)藏羚羊，保護(hù)自然的重要性。由此感悟：人類應(yīng)與自然和諧共生?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Onthegrasslandinfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.(在我們面前的草地上，勉強(qiáng)可以辨認(rèn)出一群姿態(tài)優(yōu)美的動物。這就是我們來這里的原因——觀察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是為了觀察姿態(tài)優(yōu)美的動物——藏羚羊。故選A。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakemoney.(上世紀(jì)八九十年代是藏羚羊的艱難時期。數(shù)量下降了50%以上。獵人們獵殺羚羊來賺錢)”可知，在上世紀(jì)八九十年代，藏羚羊被獵人為了錢槍殺了。故選C。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureRcserve.Itcoversanarcaofabout120,000squaremiles.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.(我的導(dǎo)游是長塘村民扎西。他在羌塘國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)工作。它占地約12萬平方英里。該保護(hù)區(qū)是西藏西北部動植物的避難所)”可知，羌塘國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建立是為了保護(hù)生活在那里的野生動物。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.(保護(hù)野生動物已經(jīng)做了很多工作，但如果我們真的想拯救地球，我們必須改變我們的生活方式。只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會與自然和諧共處時，我們才能不再威脅野生動物和我們的星球)”可推知，作者想告訴我們保護(hù)野生動物就是保護(hù)我們自己。故選B。CBeeshavebeenaroundforover100millionyears,andinthattimetheyhavebeenfoundinalmosteverypartoftheworld.Thereareover20,000speciesofbees.Somebeeslookverydifferenttotheyellow-and-blackbeeswe’refamiliarwith.Beesareimportanttohumansurvival,butduetoclimatechangeandhabitatdestruction,theirnumbersareindecline.It’sasadfactthatthesewonderfullyadaptiveinsects,who’vesurvivedawholehostofchangessincetheyfirstappearedonourplanet,arenowunderseriousthreat.Witharoundone-thirdofbeespeciesindecline,it’sacriticaltimeforustodoeverythingwecantosupportthem.It’seasytoseewhythelossofbeeswouldbecatastrophic—wecouldn’tsurvivewithoutpollinators(傳粉者)—buttheirextinctionwouldhaveanimpactwellbeyondtheirroleinprovidingthefoodweeat.Ifabeespeciesdiesout,theplantsandtreesthatdependonitareaffectedtoo;inturn,thecreatureswhofeedorliveonthoseplantsareaffectedandsoonupthefoodchain.Whileitmayseemthatwecan’tdomuchasindividualstodealwithsomeofthesebiggerissues,wecancertainlyworktogetherwithotherstoraiseawarenessaboutthemandbringaboutchange.Ifyou’repassionateaboutbees,spreadlove.Shareyourknowledge—fascinatingfactsandafewscarystatistics—andseeifyoucanencourageyourfriendsandfamilytobecomebee-friendlytoo.Youcouldengageinalittlepositivebeeproject:explainthatmostbeesdon’tstingpeople,forexample,orthathoneybeesinaswarmaresimplylookingforanewplacetonest,they’renotouttoattack.Someenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsandothercharitiesareworkinghardtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsbeesarefacing.Supportingthesegroupsisonewayofhelpingbees—throughraisingfunds,followingthemonsocialmediaandsharingcampaigndetails.Searchinformationallyoucanaboutbeesinyourareatoseewhatfactorsareaffectingthemlocally,andlookoutforactiongroupstoseeifaplanisinplacetohelp.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostbeesinaswarmwillattackpeople.B.Abouthalfoftheplanet’sbeespeciesaredeclining.C.Thereareover20,000speciesofyellow-and-blackbees.D.Somecreaturescanbeaffectedifabeespeciesdiesout.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catastrophic”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Limited. B.Effective. C.Renewable. D.Harmful.30.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallonpeopletohelpsavebees. B.Toshareknowledgeofbeekeeping.C.Tointroduceabee-friendlyproject. D.Tostresstheimpactofclimatechange.【答案】28.D29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。講述由于氣候變化和棲息地的破壞，導(dǎo)致蜜蜂的數(shù)量在減少，并說明了蜜蜂減少給人類和其他生物帶來危害。呼吁人們提高對蜜蜂所面臨問題的認(rèn)識，并尋找行動小組以查看是否有計(jì)劃提供幫助。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Ifabeespeciesdiesout,theplantsandtreesthatdependonitareaffectedtoo;inturn,thecreatureswhofeedorliveonthoseplantsareaffectedandsoonupthefoodchain.”（如果一種蜜蜂滅絕了，依賴它生存的植物和樹木也會受到影響；反過來，以這些植物為食或生活的生物也會受到影響，如此循環(huán)往復(fù)。）可知如果一種蜜蜂滅絕了，有些生物將會受影響。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)原文第三段“wecouldn’tsurvivewithoutpollinators(傳粉者)—buttheirextinctionwouldhaveanimpactwellbeyondtheirroleinprovidingthefoodweeat.”（沒有傳粉者我們就無法生存——但它們的滅絕將產(chǎn)生的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出它們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┦澄锏淖饔茫┛芍獩]有傳粉者我們無法生存，這是非常具有危害性的。A.Limited有限的；BEffective有效的；C.Renewable可再生的；D.Harmful有害的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。文章前面提出蜜蜂的減少和假設(shè)某一種類的滅絕將會造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Someenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsandothercharitiesareworkinghardtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsbeesarefacing.Supportingthesegroupsisonewayofhelpingbees—throughraisingfunds,followingthemonsocialmediaandsharingcampaigndetails.”（一些環(huán)保組織和其他慈善機(jī)構(gòu)正在努力提高人們對蜜蜂所面臨問題的認(rèn)識。支持這些團(tuán)體是幫助蜜蜂的一種方式——通過籌集資金、在社交媒體上關(guān)注它們并分享活動細(xì)節(jié)。）可知作者意呼吁人們要提高對蜜蜂所面臨的問題的認(rèn)識以及這些問題會給人類和其他生物帶來的危害，希望人們要做點(diǎn)事情去拯救蜜蜂。故選A項(xiàng)。DThemangrovetreemightnotlookveryimpressive,butitisanessentialpartofourecosystem.However,morethanhalfofthemangroveforestshavebeendestroyedinthepastcentury.SeveralWorldHeritageSiteshavebeenlistedlargelybecauseoftheirmangroveecosystems.AmongthemaretheSundarbansacrossIndiaandBangladesh,theEvergladesNationalParkintheUS,andtheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.BeingaWorldHeritageSiterequiresforthemangrovestobeprotected.However,onecountryinAsiahasgonefurtherbyhavingafive-yearprogramtoprotectandconservealltheirmangroves.TheyevenhaveamangrovemuseumandobserveWorldMangroveDay.ThiscountryisSriLanka.WhyaremangrovetreessoimportanttoSriLankaandtoothercountrieswheremangrovesgrow?Themangrovetreegrowsalongcoastalsaltwatershorelines.Theyhaveadaptedtotheharshcoastalweatherandhavedeeproots.Thismeansthattheyarestrongandcannotbeeasilyremoved.Incountrieswherenaturaldisasterssuchastsunamisandcyclonesoccur,theforestsprovideprotection.ThevillagesinSriLankawithfullmangroveforestshavesufferedlessdamagewhenhitbythesenaturaldisasters.Thereasonisthatthemangrovesbreakuptheforceandstrengthofthewaves.Themangrovesalsoquicklyabsorbcarbondioxideandsendoxygenintotheatmosphere.Thismakesthemanimportantpartofthefightagainstclimatechange.Theyabsorbfarmorecarbondioxidethanothertypesofforest,andstoreitintheirstructureandeveninthesoil.Thisisimportantascarbondioxideintheatmosphereisbelievedtobeacauseofdetrimentalchangesintheweather,suchasglobalwarming.Thestrongrootsalsoprovideprotectionforyoungfishastheygrow.Withtheoceansaroundtheworldbeingoverfished,itisimportanttomaintaintheecologicalbalanceintheoceans.ForSriLanka,oneofthethreatstothemangroveforestsistheshrimpfarmsbeingsetup.Tobuildsaltwaterpondsfortheshrimps,themangrovesarecutdown.Thishasresultedinfewerfishsurvivingamongthemangroverootsandfewerfishbeingcaughtbythefishermen.Thelocalfishingcommunitiesnoticedthattheywerelosingmoneyanditmadethemawareofhowimportantthemangroveswere.Theyarenowhelpingtoconservetheforests.SriLankaisshowingthatanationcanpreserveallofitsmangroves.Theconservationmodeltheyhavecanbeusedbyothercountries.Itmighttakemanyyearsofplanning,butthebenefitsofsavingmangrovesdefinitelyoutweighthecosts.31.Whatdoweknowaboutthemangrovetreesfromthepassage?A.TheyaremainlygrowninAustralia.B.Theycanpreventyoungfishfromgrowing.C.Theyhavebeendamagedbynaturaldisasters.D.Theyarelessimpressivebutimportanttotheecosystem.32.WhathasbeendoneinSriLankatoprotectmangroves?A.Aworldmangrovefestivalhasbeenfounded.B.Saltwaterpondsfortheshrimpshavebeensetup.C.A5-yearmangrovesprotectingprogramhasbeenstarted.D.Moremangrovesalongthecoastalareashavebeengrown.33.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Themangrovescankeeptheecologicalbalanceintheoceans.B.Themangrovesareessentialforfightingagainstclimatechange.C.Themangroveshavedeeprootsandholdthesoilinplacefirmly.D.Themangrovescanbreakuptheforceandstrengthofthewaves.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureconservationofmangroves?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了紅樹林對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要作用以及為保護(hù)紅樹林斯里蘭卡所采取的一些措施?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Themangrovetreemightnotlookveryimpressive,butitisanessentialpartofourecosystem.(紅樹林可能看起來不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我們生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分)”可知，紅樹林不那么令人印象深刻，但對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)很重要。故選D。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,onecountryinAsiahasgonefurtherbyhavingafive-yearprogramtoprotectandconservealltheirmangroves.TheyevenhaveamangrovemuseumandobserveWorldMangroveDay.ThiscountryisSriLanka.(然而，亞洲有一個國家走得更遠(yuǎn)，制定了一項(xiàng)為期五年的計(jì)劃來保護(hù)和保護(hù)他們所有的紅樹林。他們甚至有一個紅樹林博物館，并慶祝世界紅樹林日。這個國家就是斯里蘭卡)”可知，斯里蘭卡采取啟動一項(xiàng)為期五年的紅樹林保護(hù)計(jì)劃，來保護(hù)紅樹林。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Themangrovesalsoquicklyabsorbcarbondioxideandsendoxygenintotheatmosphere.Thismakesthemanimportantpartofthefightagainstclimatechange.Theyabsorbfarmorecarbondioxidethanothertypesofforest,andstoreitintheirstructureandeveninthesoil.Thisisimportantascarbondioxideintheatmosphereisbelievedtobeacauseofdetrimentalchangesintheweather,suchasglobalwarming.(紅樹林還能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并將氧氣輸送到大氣中。這使它們成為對抗氣候變化的重要組成部分。它們比其他類型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并將其儲存在它們的結(jié)構(gòu)中，甚至儲存在土壤中。這一點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)榇髿庵械亩趸急徽J(rèn)為是造成全球變暖等有害天氣變化的原因)”可知，第四段主要講了紅樹林對應(yīng)對氣候變化至關(guān)重要。故選B。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SriLankaisshowingthatanationcanpreserveallofitsmangroves.Theconservationmodeltheyhavecanbeusedbyothercountries.Itmighttakemanyyearsofplanning,butthebenefitsofsavingmangrovesdefinitelyoutweighthecosts.(斯里蘭卡正在展示一個國家可以保護(hù)它所有的紅樹林。他們的保護(hù)模式可以被其他國家借鑒。這可能需要多年的規(guī)劃，但拯救紅樹林的好處絕對大于成本)”可推知，作者對未來保護(hù)紅樹林的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Alotofpeoplethinkthattheyarenotgoodatlearninganewlanguage____35____Goodlanguagelearnerslookforopportunitiestohearandusethenewlanguageoutsideoftheclassroomonadailybasisandconsequentlylearnthelanguagemorequickly.____36____Forinstancetheycantalktosalesmen,joinsportsclubs,oreventalktopeopleincoffeestores.Theymightreadnewspapersandmagazinesinthatlanguage,watchmovies,listentopodcasts,orjoinchatrooms.Allofthesearegreatopportunitiestopracticeandcanalsobefun.Inaddition,goodlanguagelearnerstrydifferentwaystomaketheirmessageunderstood.Forexample,iftheydonotknowthewordfor“l(fā)aundromat,”theymightsay“theplacewhereyoucanwashclothes.”____37____Thepointisthatgoodlanguagelearnersarecreativeanddonoteasilygiveup.Finally,goodlanguagelearnersarepreparedtotakerisks.____38____Asaresult,insteadofbeingembarrassedbyamistakeorgettingfrustratedwhentheydonotunderstand,theyseeitasgainingalearningopportunity.Forexample,iftheydonotunderstandwhatsomeonesaidthefirsttime,theyarenotafraidtoaskthemtorepeatitagainandagainuntiltheydounderstand.Or,ifsomeonecorrectstheirvocabularyorgrammar,theytrytorememberinsteadofbecomingshyaboutspeaking.____39____Itcannotbedoneinjustafewmonths.Hopefully,thesemethodswillhelpyoubeagoodandconfidentlanguagelearnerinthelongrun.A.Becomingfluentinalanguagetakestime.B.Butwecanlearnanewlanguagethroughlookingupnewwords.C.Ifthatdoesnotwork,theymighteventrydrawingitoractingitout.D.Besides,goodlanguagelearnersusevariouswaystolearnEnglishwords.E.Theyunderstandthatmakingmistakesisnaturalandisnecessarytolearn.F.Ifthey’restudyinginacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,thisiseasytodo.G.However,wecanlearnfromgoodlanguagelearnerstobecomebetteratlanguages.【答案】35.G36.F37.C38.E39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者是如何學(xué)習(xí)語言的?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Alotofpeoplethinkthattheyarenotgoodatlearninganewlanguage.(很多人認(rèn)為他們不擅長學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言)”及后文“Goodlanguagelearnerslookforopportunitiestohearandusethenewlanguageoutsideoftheclassroomonadailybasisandconsequentlylearnthelanguagemorequickly.(好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者每天都在課堂外尋找機(jī)會聽和使用新語言，從而更快地學(xué)習(xí)語言)”可知，空處應(yīng)該和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時引起下文，指出雖然很多人不認(rèn)為自己不擅長學(xué)習(xí)一門語言，但是我們可以向優(yōu)秀的語言者學(xué)習(xí)，G項(xiàng)“However,wecanlearnfromgoodlanguagelearnerstobecomebetteratlanguages.(然而，我們可以從優(yōu)秀的語言學(xué)習(xí)者那里學(xué)習(xí)，以提高語言水平)”承上啟下。故選G。【36題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forinstance,theycantalktosalesmen,joinsportsclubs,oreventalktopeopleincoffeestores.Theymightreadnewspapersandmagazinesinthatlanguage,watchmovies,listentopodcasts,orjoinchatrooms.(例如，他們可以與銷售員交談，加入體育俱樂部，甚至與咖啡店的人交談。他們可能會閱讀該種語言的報紙和雜志，看電影，聽播客，或者加入聊天室)”可知，后文列舉的都是在某種語言環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)該種語言的途徑，承接了F項(xiàng)“Ifthey’restudyinginacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,thisiseasytodo.(如果他們在一個說這種語言的國家學(xué)習(xí)，這很容易做到)”。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thepointisthatgoodlanguagelearnersarecreativeanddonoteasilygiveup.(關(guān)鍵是，好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者是有創(chuàng)造力的，不會輕易放棄)”可知，好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者會通過多種途徑去表達(dá)自己，C項(xiàng)“Ifthatdoesnotwork,theymighteventrydrawingitoractingitout.(如果這不起作用，他們甚至可能嘗試畫出來或表演出來)”中的畫出來或表演出來是創(chuàng)造力的一種體現(xiàn)。故選C?！?8題詳解】后文“Asaresult,insteadofbeingembarrassedbyamistakeorgettingfrustratedwhentheydonotunderstand,theyseeitasgainingalearningopportunity.(因此，他們不會因?yàn)橐粋€錯誤而感到尷尬，也不會因?yàn)椴焕斫舛械骄趩剩菍⑵湟暈楂@得了一個學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會)”中的mistake與E項(xiàng)“Theyunderstandthatmakingmistakesisnaturalandisnecessarytolearn.(他們明白犯錯誤是自然的，是學(xué)習(xí)的必要條件)”呼應(yīng)，承接E