外研版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT5 Period4課件

Period4

Unit5

Intotheunknown主題語境人與社會——社會進(jìn)步與人類文明課時學(xué)案單元語法講練(Usinglanguage)[一詞多義]寫出下列句中checkout的含義①Theengineercheckedoutallthemachinesbeforetheywereputtouse． ____②Accordingtoregulationsofthishotel，guestsshouldcheckoutoftheirroomsbynoon． ________1．checkout調(diào)查，檢查；了解……的情況；結(jié)賬離開；(從圖書館等)借出檢查結(jié)賬離開③Thelibraryallowsyoutocheckoutsixbooksatatime．

________________④We'llhavetocheckhimoutbeforeweemployhim．

______________checkin

登記，報到checkupon 核對；檢驗(從圖書館等)借出了解……的情況[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子⑤Checkup__thefactsbeforeyouwriteyourreport．⑥布萊恩在辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)前需要見一個叫托尼的朋友。BrainneededtomeetafriendnamedTonybeforehe___________forhisflight．oncheckedin(1)setoutfor

動身去某處setouttodosth．＝setaboutdoingsth．

著手做某事(2)setaside 存儲；留出setup 建立；創(chuàng)立setdown 放下；記下setoff 動身，出發(fā)；啟程；燃放(煙火

等)；引發(fā)2．setout動身踏上(漫長的)旅途；開始，著手[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Wecanset________earlysothatwe'llhavemoretimetoreadandselectbooks．②Hiscompanyisdevelopingsorapidlythathehasset__severalbranchesinotherbigcities．③Itrytoset_____afewminuteseachdaytodosomeexercise．out/offupaside④在政府的幫助下，人們開始創(chuàng)建他們的新家園。a．People___________________________withthehelpofthegovernment．(setout)b．People_______________________________withthehelpofthegovernment．(setabout)setouttobuildtheirnewhomessetaboutbuildingtheirnewhomesthrowaway

拋棄；扔掉throwoff 脫去throwup 舉起；嘔吐throwout 拋出；扔出去throwoneselfon 撲倒在……上；完全依賴3．throwoneselfinto積極投入到……中去[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Ifyouthrowyourself____thejob，you'llfinishitbythisevening．②Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichtheywouldhavethrown____inthepast．③Tremblingwithfear，hethrewhimself__thebedandcoveredhisheadwiththequilt．④很多年輕人積極投身于醫(yī)院的志愿工作。Alotofyoungpeople___________________thevoluntaryworkinhospitalsactively．intoawayonthrowthemselvesinto(教材原句)Whilethereisnoneedforustoshrink

fromnewsituations，weshouldalwayslookintothingsfirstandconsiderouroptions．雖然我們沒有必要回避新的情況，但我們應(yīng)該總是先看問題，并考慮我們的選擇。Thereisnoneed(forsb．)todosth．[句式分析]

thereisnoneedforsb．todosth．意為“對某人來說做某事是沒有必要的”。Thereisnoneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensolved．既然這個問題已經(jīng)解決了，我們就沒有必要再討論了。Thereisnotrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth．

做某事沒有困難。Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫無疑問……Thereisnosense/point(in)doingsth．

做某事沒有道理/意義。Thereisnochance/possibilitytodo/ofdoingsth．

沒有做某事的機(jī)會/可能性。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Aslongaswetryourbest，there'snoneedforus________(feel)regretfulforthesefailures．②Thereisnodoubt____Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration．③沒必要為此擔(dān)心，因為政府正在盡一切努力提供更多的工作崗位。_____________________________asthegovernmentisnowmakingeveryefforttoprovidemorejobs．tofeelthatThereisnoneedtoworryaboutit復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫作名詞性從句。名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、名詞性從句連接詞的用法1．連接詞that，whether和if的用法。(1)連接詞that在從句中沒有詞義，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。Thattheheavyhazeisharmingourhealthisquiteapparent．濃重的霧霾正在危害我們的健康，這是很明顯的。(2)連接詞whether，if意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。若在兩者之間二選一，應(yīng)選擇whether。Whethertheywillhavethemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet．他們是否要開會還沒有定下來。2．連接代詞who(m)，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever在從句中都有詞義，既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。Onlybyreadingbooksareweabletorealizewhathappenedcenturiesago．只有通過讀書，我們才能了解幾個世紀(jì)前發(fā)生的事情。Whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished．不論誰違反了規(guī)則都要受到懲罰。3．連接副詞when，where，why，how在從句中都有詞義，既起連接作用，又在從句中作狀語。Shehasdecidedhowsheshouldsettlethematter．她已作出決定如何來解決這件事。[即時訓(xùn)練1]單句語法填空①____hesaidatthemeetingdescribedabrightfutureforthecompany．②Thensheaskedme___________therestaurantwasonthefifthfloor．③____weunderstandthingshasalottodowith____wefeel．④Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_____hescoredthewinninggoal．⑤Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingweekend．Whatwhether/ifHowwhatwhenthat二、主語從句1．主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown．誰將贏得這場比賽還有待分曉。Whetherwewillgotheretomorrowdependsontheweather．我們明天是否去那里取決于天氣。[名師點津]單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound．他出生的地點和時間還沒有被找到。Whenhewillcomeandhowhewillcomearestillunknown．他什么時候來，怎么來，現(xiàn)在還不清楚。2．有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把主語從句，即真正的主語，放在后面。Itisnecessarythatapersonshouldprovideagainstarainingday．一個人應(yīng)該居安思危、未雨綢繆。Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake．她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。Ifapersondosehisbest，itdoesn'tmatterwhatpeoplethinkofhim．如果一個人盡了他最大的努力，那么人們?nèi)绾卧u價他并沒關(guān)系。[即時訓(xùn)練2]單句語法填空①_____IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents．②Itremainstobeseen____thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice．③_____thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweatherlateron．④Itdoesn'tmatter____youwear，solongasyoulookneatandtidy．⑤____hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall．WhatthatWhenwhatThat三、賓語從句1．賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。在口語或非正式的文體中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that可以省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear．他告訴我他明年將去上大學(xué)。I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm．我正在考慮我們是否應(yīng)該去看這部電影。2．it作形式賓語(1)動詞find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語從句后置。I'vemadeitclearthatIwon'tacceptthisjob．我已表明我不會接受這份工作。(2)有些動詞(短語)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，seeto，depend/relyon等后接賓語從句時，習(xí)慣在從句前加形式賓語it。Yonmaydependonitthatwewillsupportyou．你相信好了，我們會支持你的。3．賓語從句的時態(tài)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時時，從句的謂語動詞通常用相應(yīng)的過去時。但如果從句表示客觀事實或真理，不管從句的謂語動詞是何種時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theymadeuptheirmindthattheywouldbuyanewhousesoon．他們下定決心很快就買所新房子。Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess．老師告訴我們失敗是成功之母。[即時訓(xùn)練3]單句語法填空①Hehasmadeitclear____hewillnotgiveuptakingpartintheactivity．②Iwonder___________youcangivemesomeadviceonhowtomakefriends．③Ican'tunderstand___youaresoprejudicedagainstus．④Whydon'tyoubring__tohisattentionthatyou'retooilltoworkon?⑤Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou，foryoucannevertell____closeyoumaybetovictory．thatwhether/ifwhyithow四、表語從句1．表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。除了前面列舉的連接詞外，還包括asif/though，because等。Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel．問題是他什么時候可以到達(dá)酒店。Itlooksasifweshallstaythenighthereafterall．看來我們不得不在這里過夜了。2．當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyheisabsentfromschoolisthatheissick．他沒來上學(xué)的理由是他生病了。[即時訓(xùn)練4]單句語法填空①M(fèi)ydoubtis_______theycancompletethetaskontime．②ThereasonwhyIadmirehimis____hestartseverydaywithasmile．③Topracticeasmuchaspossibleis_____thesecretlies，whichistrue．④Everythingkeepschanging，andthat's____weshouldseetheworld．whetherthatwherehow五、同位語從句1．在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。它一般位于fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名詞的后面，對前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，或說明前面名詞的具體含義。同位語從句可由that，whether，what，when，where等引導(dǎo)。Wemustfacethefactthatthewarhaskilledmanypeople．我們必須正視戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)奪取了許多人的生命這一事實。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere．他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。2．分隔式同位語從句有時同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其他成分隔開，從而形成分隔式同位語從句。Wordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch．消息傳來，我們的足球隊贏了比賽。[名師點津]同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不可省略；定語從句是對前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，在句子作一定的成分。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool．他們贏得比賽的消息很快傳遍了整個校園。(同位語從句)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing．你昨天告訴我的那個消息真令人失望。(定語從句)[即時訓(xùn)練5]單句語法填空①Ihavenoidea_____hewillcome．②Theyarefacedwiththeproblem_______theyshouldcontinuethework．③Ifollowedhisadvice____Ishouldenrichmyselfbydoingthingslikereadingandwriting．④Thequestion_____shouldbeinchargeofthemeetinghasnotyetbeensettled．whenwhetherthatwho用適當(dāng)?shù)拿~性從句的引導(dǎo)詞填空1．_____worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2．____sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill．Shehassomedoubts3．_______sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar．Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan'tsleepwellthesedays．Maybethisis4．____shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks．5．____shebecomesslimmerWhatthatwhetherwhyHowandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask．Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions．But6．____willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher．Itisherparents'suggestion7．_____sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital．ProfessorWangsuggests8．____shekeepabalanceddietfirst．Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein．What'smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday．MaryaskedProfessorWang9．_____shewhothatthatwhenshouldtakeexercise．ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o'clockintheafternoon．Thatis10．_______shewillhavemoretimetodosports．ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow．because①shipwreckn．失事的船；沉船②representv．代表③unexploredadj．無人涉足的④givenprep．鑒于⑤archaeologicaladj．考古學(xué)的；考古的課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Developingideas)⑥findn．發(fā)現(xiàn)⑦shallowadj．淺的⑧beneaththewaves在海浪下⑨ruinn．殘垣斷壁，廢墟⑩remainingadj．剩下的，余下的?extremeadj．極度的，極端的?depthn．深處；深度?fragmentn．碎片；片段?biologicaladj．生物的；生物學(xué)的?attherateof以……的速度?transparentadj．透明的?trenchn．海溝?beequivalentto相當(dāng)于，等于?stackv．(使)整齊地堆起；摞起?capacityn．能力，承受力?notableadj．顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的?substancen．物質(zhì)?holdtherecord保持紀(jì)錄?conductv．實施，執(zhí)行?identifyv．確定；找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)?atoughenvironment惡劣的環(huán)境?enormousadj．巨大的?intenseadj．十分強(qiáng)烈的，極度的?beyondthereachof無法達(dá)到；超出……的能力?cooperationn．合作?missionn．任務(wù)，使命?frontiern．邊疆；(學(xué)科或活動的)尖端，邊緣DIVINGDEEPLyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks①．Allofthemrepresent②attemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth'sfurthestcorners．[1]AmongtheseistheEsmeralda，theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia．Today，some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail，thereislittle—ifany—landonourplanetleftunexplored③．WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon，andevenofVenusandMars，thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed．[1]本句為完全倒裝句。theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia為

Esmeralda的同位語。[2]Given④ourlimitedknowledge，itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields．AswiththediscoveryoftheEsmeralda，manyarchaeological⑤

finds⑥aremadeinshallow⑦watersnearthecoast．Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves⑧．OnesuchfindistheancientRomancityofNeápolis，discoveredoffthecoastofTunisia．BelievedtohavebeenburiedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD，theruins⑨ofNeápolisarealmost2，000yearsold．Theremaining⑩streetsandbuildingsofferawindowintoafascinatingperiodinourhistory．However，weareonlybeginningtoovercomethechallengesofpressure，darknessandextreme?coldatvastdepths?．Fragments?

ofthepastlyingdeepbeneaththeoceansarestillwaitingtobediscovered．[2]句中that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it作形式主語。Amazingbiological?discoveriesarealsobeingmade．Thedarkzonesoftheoceansmaycontainupto90percentoftheplanet'sfish．[3]Inthesewaters，morethan200metresdeep，wherelightcannotreach，areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction．Imaginebone-whitecoral6，000metresbelowtheocean'ssurface，growingattherateof?onlyoneortwomillimetresperyear．Someofthesecouldbe4，000yearsold．Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye，astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparent?forehead．Intheverydeepestoceantrenches?thataremorethan8，000metresbelowthesurface，thepressureisequivalentto?50aeroplanes

stacked?oneontopofanother．Yetthereisstilllifetobefound，evenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings．Thesediscoveriesallhelpusunderstandthecapacity?forlifeonourplanet，eveninthemostextremecircumstances．[3]本句為表示地點的介詞短語位于句首的倒裝句；where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞waters；that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞creatures；asif引導(dǎo)表語從句。[4]Furthermore，theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources，someofwhicharecompletelynewtous．Mostnotable?oftheseisChina'sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance?，knownas“fireice”，undertheSouthChinaSea．Inaddition，China'sunderwatervessels，suchastheJiaolongandShenhai

Yongshi，havebeenexploringwatersatdepthsofthousandsofmetres．TheJiaolongevenholdstherecord?forthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine，at

7，062metres，givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers．[5]Theresearchconducted?bythesevesselsisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingofhowtheseabedwasformed，aswellashelpingidentify?areasfordeep-seadrilling，takingdeep-seaexplorationintoawholenewera．[4]本句為復(fù)合句。someofwhich...為“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。[5]本句為復(fù)合句。句子主干為Theresearchisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingof...aswellashelping...；conductedbythesevessels為過去分詞短語作后置定語；howtheseabedwasformed為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Beingatoughenvironm