課件英語選擇性必修四Unit4Usinglanguage

Unit4EverydayeconomicsUsinglanguageReview:attributiveclausesBYMICHELLEGrammar01Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Thisisaplacewhererosesgrowwild.bThebiggestchallengeattheinitialphasewastopersuadepeopletoworkforme,whichwastotallyoutsidemyexperience.1

Whatdoes“where”refertoinsentence(a)?2Whatdoes“which”refertoinsentence(b)?3

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithessentialinformationaboutthesubject?4

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithextrainformationaboutthesubject?Sentence(a).Sentence(b).Nowlookformoresentenceswithattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage.Shecouldn’t,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownherforehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmorebyfearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.Zhangthereforedecidedtoreturntoherhometownandgrowroses,whichsurprisedmanypeople.Assomeonewhogrowupinthecountry,Zhangalreadyknewaboutgrowingplants.However,likeanyentrepreneurwhowasjuststartingout,shestillhadalottolearn.Seeingherpeerswhoalsodreamofsuccessandindependence,Zhanghasmixedfeelings.Foryoungpeoplewhohavelittlelifeexperience,thatcanbeachallenge.AttributiveClauses定語從句定語的定義他是一個有趣的老人。他是一位來自美國的老人。

修飾限定名詞

翻譯為“…的”定語的形式interestingman有趣的（形容詞）womanteacher女的（名詞）aboycalledLiHua一個叫李華（非謂語）agirlfromChina來自中國的（介詞短語）定語從句的定義Heisanoldmanwhosendsgiftstochildren.一個句子作定語，用來修飾名詞或代詞先行詞關系詞定語從句名詞或代詞是一個不完整的句子（缺成分）關系詞連接主句和從句

指代先行詞

在從句中充當成分Heisanoldmanwhosendsgiftstochildren.關系詞關系代詞關系副詞whowhomwhosethatwhichwhenwherewhy分類關系詞指代對象在從句中的作用關系代詞who指人作主語、賓語、表語whom作賓語whose指人或物作定語that作主語、表語或賓語which指物作主語、賓語、表語、定語as作主語關系副詞when指時間作時間狀語where指地點作地點狀語why指原因作原因狀語who?whom?whose?who/whom

先行詞是人。當先行詞在定語從句中做賓語時，引導詞省略。whose先行詞既可以是人也可以是物。whose在定語從句中做定語，表所屬關系。Heisthemanwhoalwayscomesfirst.Heistheman(whom)Ifindcomeinfirst.Heisthemanwhosesonalwayscomesfirst.which?

that?where?成分which/that

關系代詞，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。where

關系副詞，在從句中充當地點狀語。Theplacewhich/thatliesinavalley,isaworldawayfromanytelevision.Theplacewherethishappensisavalley,aworldawayfromanytelevision.主語謂語動詞happen的地點狀語【注意】關系代詞that與which指物時常可互換，以下情況用that：1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等不定代詞或先行詞被only,few,little,no,all,every,very等詞修飾時。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougavemelastmonth.2.當先行詞同時包括人和物時。Thewriterandhisnovelthattheteacherhasjusttalkedaboutareunknowntomoststudents.3.當先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistomakeaplan.DavidisoneofthemostcreativeboysthatIhaveeverknown.as?which?which可引導非限制性定語從句，which替代前面整個主句內容，而且從句必須放在主句后。as引導非限制性定語從句，as替代前面整個主句內容，從句既可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。as：正如。Theboyispolite,whichmakeseveryonehappy.As

youcansee,theboyispolite.Zhangthereforedecidedtoreturntoherhometownandgrowroses,whichsurprisedmanypeople.Aspeoplesay,“Ittakesavillagetoraiseachild.”which引導非限制性定語從句，which替代整個主句as引導非限制性定語從句，as替代整個主句限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區(qū)別一、形式不同

限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，通常不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不密切，常用逗號隔開。二、作用不同

限制性定語從句對先行詞進行修飾限制，去掉會造成句意不完整；非限制性定語從句對先行詞沒有限制詞義的作用，補充、解釋說明或對主句所表達的意義進行評述，去掉不會影響句意的完整。Franklinwasthefirstmanwhodiscoveredthenatureofelectricity.Thedriver,whowasveryyoung,hadonlyjustgothislicense.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區(qū)別三、先行詞不同

限制性定語從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞；非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是主句的一部分或整個主句。Thingsthenimproved,whichsurprisedme.四、關系詞不同

限制性定語從句可由that,why引導；非限制性定語從句通常不用它們引導；關系詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中通常不能省略。Therewerefewpassengersthat/who

hadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Therewereveryfewpassengers,whohadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Haveyoufoundthebook(that/which)youwant?1.that引導的定語從句與它引導的名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區(qū)別。IshowedhimthenicecarthatIrentedyesterday.

我向他展示了我昨天租的那輛不錯的車。It’ssaidthatherentedanicecaryesterday.據說他昨天租了一輛不錯的車。2.when,where,why引導的定語從句與它們引導的狀語從句、名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區(qū)別。IvisitedMrandMrssmithinNewYorkin2014whentheirfirstchildwasborn.

我在2014年拜訪了住在紐約的Smth夫婦,

那年他們的第一個孩子出生了。IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYorkwhentheirfirstchildwasborn.

在Smth夫婦第一個孩子出生那年,

我在紐約拜訪了他們。IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYork.Itwaswhentheirfirstchildwasborn.我拜訪了住在紐約的Smith夫婦。那年他們的第一個孩子出生了。3.定語從句與非謂語動詞結構在表意和功能上的異同以及兩者之間的轉換。InthemuseumIsawanoldbookthatwaspublishedinthe17thcentury.=InthemuseumIsawanoldbookpublishedinthe17thcentury.

我在博物館里看見了一本17世紀出版的舊書。定義用作定語的從句類型限制性定語從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。非限制性定語從句對主句所描述的人或物提供附加情況，補充說明作用；如省去，主句意義仍完整。關系詞關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as等關系副詞when,where,why等從括號內選擇合適的關系詞完成下列句子。1.By16:30,________(which,when)wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.2.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________(whom,whose)helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.3.Abankistheplace________(where,that)theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.4.AttheheightofChina’sCOVID-19outbreak,inFebruaryalone,Taobaowastheplatform________(who,which)sawthelargestnumberoflive-streamingsales.5.LiJiaqiisasocial-mediasalesman________(who,which)oncesold15,000lipsticktubesinjustfiveminutesthroughlive-streaming.whichwhosewherewhichwho用適當關系詞將兩個句子合并為含有定語從句的復合句。1.Thechildrendon’tlikethebooks.Iborrowedthemfromthelibraryyesterday.Thechildrendon’tlikethebooks(that/which)Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.2.Theboyswereindanger.

Thefiremenhavesavedthem.Thefiremenhavesavedtheboyswho/thatwereindanger.3.Thisisthenurse.Ihavementionedherjustnow.Thisisthenurse(whom/who/that)Ihavementionedjustnow.Readthepassageandrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingattributiveclauses.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries.

Itworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.GoodDealproductsmaybealittlemoreexpensivethanregularproducts,butuptoone-thirdofthesalepricewillbegivenbacktotheproducers.Thisismorethantheycouldgetundertheconventionaltradingsystem.

Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeople,andtheywanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople’swelfare.

However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries(,)whichworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeoplewhowanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.However,somepeoplewhoarelessoptimisticarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducerswhoarenotpartoftheGoodDealmovementReadtheprofileandwriteanintroductiontoaGoodDealproductusingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.Price:$25perkgOrigin:grownontheGreenEquatorEstateSpecialfeatures:100%organicsuperior,smoothblend,withmildflavorlessthanonecaloriepercupGoodDealguarantee:one-thirdofthesalepricereturnedtolocalproducersGreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsat...GreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsatthepriceof$25perkg.ItisgrownontheGreenEquatorEstate,whosecoffeeis100%organic.Itisasuperior,smoothblendwithamildflavor,which

haslessthanonecaloriepercup.TheproductissoldundertheGoodDealguarantee,which

promisesthatone-thirdofthesalepricewillbereturnedtolocalproducers.Writeanintroductiontosomethingyouhaveboughtrecentlyusingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.theobjectshapecolorplaceoforiginfunctionpriceplacetobuyitwhousuallyuseitListening&Speaking02SocialcreditCreditortheofferingofmoneyloansforrepaymenthasexistedsincetheBronzeAgeformostofthishistory.Lendersreliedmainlyontheirjudgementwhendecidingwhetherornotaborrowerwascreditworthy.Withthedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyanddataanalysis,moreandmorecountriesarebuildingtheirowncreditsystemswithobjectivecreditratingmethods.People’sactivitiessuchascreditcardpayments,loanpayments,etc,arerecordedandscored,andwillaffecttheirfuturecreditworthiness.

DidYouKnow？Whatiscredit?Howisapeson’screditworthinessjudgedindifferenttimes?

Whatactivitieswillaffectaperson’sfuturecreditworthiness?Creditmeanstheofferingofmoneyloansforrepayment,orthestatusofbeingtrustedtopaybackmoneytothelenders.Inthepast,apeson’screditworthinessmainlyreliedonthelenders’subjectivejudgement.Atpresent,itisjudgedaccordingtoobjectivecreditratingmethods.People’sactivitiessuchascreditcardpayments,loanpayments,etc,willaffecttheirfuturecreditworthiness.??Listentotheconversationandchoosethetopicsdiscussed.Thetipstobookagoodhotel.Theimportanceofbeingcreditworthy.Theoriginofthecreditsystem.Thebenefitsofasocialcreditsystem.Thecostofhavingabadsocialcreditrecord.

??Listenagainandcompletetheparagraph.WangLinIhavebeen1_____________________ontime,returningbookstothelibrary2_____________________________.andusing3____________________properly.Asareward,wedidn’thavetopayadepositwhen4_________________________duringourtriptoHangzhou.Thehotelisverynice,andit’squiteneartheWestLake.Thisisjustoneofthemanybenefitsofthesocialcreditsystemwhichenables5

_________________________________toenjoyamoreconvenientlife6_______________.

payingcreditcardbillsingoodconditionwithoutdelaythesharedbicycleswecheckedinatahotelpeoplewithgoodsocialcreditatalowcostNowanswerthequestions.Whatwasthemanprohibitedfromdoingandwhy?Whatrestrictionsarementionedthatarecausedbyabadsocialcreditrecord?Whatcouldthesocialcreditsystemcontributeto?Hewasprohibitedfromrentinganexpensivecarbecausethecreditsystemshowedthathe’salaolai.Apartfromrentingexpensivecars,theymayalsofindithardtobuyflightticketsorticketsforhigh-speedrailservices,amongotherthings.Thesocialcreditsystemisanencouragementtothosewhocanbereliedontodotherightthing,andthesystemisaneffectivewaytobuildafriendly,honestandsafesociety.Completetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromtheconversation.?Howdidthathappen??What’sthat??Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit??Letmeexplain.?Itenables...?Howisthatso??Whatdoesthatmean??Itmeans...?It’sdefinitelyanencouragementto...?...aneffectivewayto...AskingforclarificationClarifyingStatingadvantages?Howdidthathappen??What’sthat??Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit??Howisthatso??Whatdoesthatmean??Letmeexplain.?Itmeans...?Itenables.?It’sdefinitelyanencouragementto...?...aneffectivewayto...VocabularyBuilding03Readtheleafletandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontothewordsandexpressionsinbold.Whatsuggestionsaregiventohelpstudentssavemoney?Whatdoyouneedtopayattentiontowhenspendingmoney?Whatdoyouneedtobearinmindwhenmakingextramoney?Findthebankingservicesthatmeetyourneedsandwillhelpyousavemoney.Saveasmallamounteachweekfromnowon,andincreaseiteachmonth.Becarefulwhenopeningyourfirstcreditcardaccount.Lookforacardwithgoodbenefitsandnoannualfees.Alwaysmakepaymentsontime.Makerationalspendingchoicesandneverexceedyouragreedcreditlimit.Avoidluxuriessothatyoudon’tgointodebt.Makesureitdoesn’tinterferewithyourstudies,andpayanytaxasrequiredbylaw.MatchthewordsandexpressionsinActivity8totheirmeanings.1____________:theamountofmoneyneededoravailableforcertainpurposes2_______________:tohaveenoughmoneytobuywhatyouneedtolive3____________:tobeoutofdebtorfinancialdifficulty4____________:moneypaidtothegovernment,usuallyapercentageofpersonalincomeorofthecostofgoods5_______________:toaccumulatethequalityofbeingcreditworthy6__________________:themaximumamoun