2024-2025學(xué)年北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（含答案）

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)2025北京朝陽(yáng)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)2025.1(考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答,在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。At13yearsold,ItookalongtriptoLondonalone.WhenIsatdownonthecoach,anelderlygray-hairedman___1___andaskedifhecouldsitbesideme.“Ofcourse!”Helooked___2___,soIavoidedeyecontactashesettled.“Hi,I’mSara.”Iawkwardlyofferedmyrighthand.“...George.”Hepausedbeforeacceptingit.Then,ourchattookoff.Charleshadneverleftthecountryorrarelytalkedtostrangers,whileI,athirdculturekid,grewupwithfriendsfromaroundtheworld.Aswelearnedmoreabouteachother,webothseemedto___3___.ListeningtoGeorge,Ifeltthankfulforhis___4___,agecontrastnotwithstanding.It’softenourexperiencesthat___5___us,notage.Ourconversationwasinterruptedbymygrowlingstomach.ItookoutasandwichandhandedGeorgeanotherone.“Wouldyoueatwithme?”Atfirst,herefusedinshock.Butthedeterminationonmyfacemusthavebeenverypersuasive.Afteramoment’shesitation,heacceptedit.Assilencesettledin,Ifeltmyselffallingasleep.Thesuddentaponmyshouldermademe___6___inmyseat.ItwasGeorge,readytogetoffthebus.AsIextendedmyhandforafinalhandshake,he___7___itinbothofhis,lookingdirectlyatme,hiseyesfullof___8___.“Thankyouforbeingsokindtome.Safetravels.”Lookingoutside,IrealizedthatIhad___9___showngenerositytothisoldman,whohadprobablyneverbeenofferedfoodbyastranger.IfIfeltthisgoodsimplybecauseIhadunconsciouslybrightenedsomeone’sday,Iwonderhowwonderfulitwouldfeeltoshowstrangerskindnesswith___10___.1.A.stepped B.wandered C.returned D.approached2.A.excited B.nervous C.confused D.confident3.A.relax B.focus C.worry D.hesitate4.A.guidance B.wisdom C.honesty D.company5.A.create B.shape C.discover D.control6.A.shootup B.sitback C.benddown D.stretchout7.A.waved B.supported C.cupped D.balanced8.A.hope B.gratitude C.pride D.curiosity9.A.consistently B.purposely C.accidentally D.thoughtfully10.A.intention B.sympathy C.inspiration D.expectation第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ADuringmysummervacationintheUS,Ionceaskedforacupofhotwateratarestaurant.Thewaiter’s___11___(confuse)looksuggestedmyrequestseemedstrange.InAmerica,peoplelovetodrinkice-coldwater.ButinChina,wepreferhotwater.Thewaiter___12___(come)backwithaglassofroomtemperaturewater.Ipolitelyaskedagain,“CanIpleasehavesomehotwater?”Thewaiterfinallyunderstoodandbroughtmeasteamingcupofhotwater.___13___(learn)somethingnewabouteachother’scultures,webothsmiled.BToday,manypeoplewonder___14___electriccarsarebetterthangasolinecars.Somearguetheyareclean,not-pollutingandcheaper,___15___gasolinecarsarestillverypopular.Theycandrivelongdistances___16___needingtorecharge,andtheyalsorefuelmorequickly,takingonlyafewminutesatagasstation.Additionally,therearemoregasstationsthanchargingstations,makinggasolinecarsmoreconvenientforlongtrips.CShanxiisahugemuseumofhistoryandculture.Recently,thegameBlackMyth:Wukong___17___(gain)alotofattention.ToshowcasethebeautyofChinesearchitecture,thegamefeaturesovertwentyscenes,___18___templesandtowersaremodeledafterancientShanxi’sbuildings.AvideoentitledTravelShanxiwithWukonghasbeenreleasedtofollowinthefootstepsandtakeviewersonavirtualtourofeveryfamous___19___(attractive).Thiscloseconnectiontothegameworldallowsus___20___(use)digitalplatformstointroduceShanxi’shigh-qualityculturalandtourismresourcesthroughinteractivemethods.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheOxfordCollegeFarm,locatedontheedgeofOxfordcampusofEmoryUniversity,wascreatedin2014afterthedonationofelevenacres(英畝)oflandfromanEmorygraduate.Here,organicandfreshfoodisgrownbothforEmory’scampusesandthesurroundingcommunities.Also,thefarmprovidesstudentsacrossdisciplineswithhands-onexperienceinsustainableagriculture.Ifyouarelookingforlocalandorganically-grownfood,deliciousvarietiesharvestedatthepeakofripenessorotherexcitingpossibilities,comeandjointheOxfordCollegeFarmCommunitySupportedAgriculture(CSA)Program!Justtakeitasasubscriptionprogramthatallowsyoutobeasteward(管家)ofthelandwhileeatingwell!CSAProgramMembershipTourthegardensonweekdays.Enjoylocally-grown,fresh,andseasonalproduce.Receivenewsletterfeaturinggardenupdatesandrecipesuggestions.Havepriorityforsigningupfornextyear’sCSA.Sign-upRemindersFillinyourinformation,includingyourEmoryNetID,firstname,lastname,preferredemail,preferredphone,homeaddress,city,stateandzipcode.Selectyourpickuplocation:OxfordFarmersMkt,AtlCampusKaldi’s,AtlCampusMath/Sci,EmoryUniversityHospital.Chooseyourpickupseason(s).Pleasenotethatpricesvaryfromseasontoseason.Toreceivea10%discount,youcanparticipateinallseasons.Useadeliveryserviceifyouneed.Itisfreeforallordersover＄30,otherwisefeesvaryanywherefrom＄2to＄5dependingondistance.IfyouareunabletojointheCSAbecauseoffinancialneed,pleaseemailusatoxfarm@emory.edutodiscuss.MembershiptotheCSAislimited,sosignupassoonaspossible!Don’tmissoutonthisopportunitytosupportsustainableagricultureandenjoyfresh,locally-grownfood!21.TheOxfordCollegeFarm___.A.ismanagedbyEmorygraduatesB.istailoredforagriculturemajorsC.allowsstudentstoexperienceinpersonD.makesdonationstonearbycommunities22.TheCSAmemberscan___.A.getlatestnewsaboutthegardensB.enjoyfreedeliveryserviceC.takepartinfarmtoursonweekendsD.getdiscountsformembershiprenewal23.IfyouwanttosignupfortheCSAprogram,youneedto__.A.sendanemailinadvanceB.fillinyourfinancialconditionsC.chooseyourpreferredpickupspotD.guaranteetoparticipateinallseasonsBNiciMense,theNewYorkJets’firstfull-timedietitian,facesthedemandingtaskofmanagingthedailynutritionalneedsofprofessionalathletes.Recently,shehassuccessfullycompletedherseventhseasonwiththeteam.Properlyfuelingplayerssothattheyfeelthedifferenceintheirperformanceissomethingshelearnedwhileplayingsocceratuniversity.“IfoundsoccertobemoredemandingonmybodythanIhadexpected,andIneededtomaintainmyenergythroughpropernutritiontomatchmyperformanceonthefield,”shesaid.“Thisrealizationchangedmyperspective.I’vealwayslovedsportsandfood,socombiningthetwomadethemostsense.”MensejoinedtheNewYorkJetsandhasstayedintunewiththeteam’sschedule.“Myhoursvaryfromtimetotime,”shesaid.“It’sthebusiestduringtrainingcampthroughtheendoftheseason.Wewillworksevendaysaweekunlessit’sourbyeweek,whenwedon’tplayagameduringtheseason.Weensureplayersfuelproperlybefore,duringandafterpractice.Theyreceiverecoveryshakes,snacksandfruitforpost-practicerecovery.Whiletheyareintrainingthroughouttheday,that’smytimetoplanfortheweeksahead.”O(jiān)ccasionally,athletesneedawarm-upperiodwhenworkingwithadietitian.“Itcanbequitechallengingtoprovethatdietitiansareheretohelpthemandthatwearenotthefoodpolice,”saidMense.“Therearetimeswhenaplayerdoesn’tlistentotheeducationandinjuresthemselves.Butit’salwayssoawesometoseewhenitworksforthem.”Nevertheless,Mensefeelsfulfilledinherroleandcontinuestopushtheathletes,knowingthatnutritioniskeytofuelingperformance,recoveryandlong-termhealth.Mensedescribesherselfas“obsessed”withherfield,constantlyevolvingandgainingknowledge.“IfIamthesamedietitianthreeyearsfromnow,thenIamdoingsomethingwrong,”shedeclared.“Themoreopen-mindedIam,andthemoreIamabletolearnasaprofessional,thebetterIcanhelpathleteswiththeirgoals.”Bystayingattheforefrontofherfield,Menseprovidesathleteswithessentialnutritionstrategiestosupporttheirperformance,recovery,andlong-termhealth.Withherdedicationandexpertise,it’sclearthatprofessionalathletesaretrulyeatingtheirwaytovictory.24.WhatmotivatedNiciMensetochoosehercareer?A.Herurgetomakelifechanges.B.Herexperienceofplayingsoccer.C.Heradmirationforathletes’spirits.D.Herdreamofbeingaprofessionalathlete.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutNiciMense?A.Shekeepsherprofessionalknowledgeupdated.B.Herpriorityistoprovidepost-gamerecoverymeals.C.Sheworkssevendaysaweekduringtheseasonperiod.D.Herworkinghoursarefixedthroughouttheentireseason.26.NiciMensesometimesfindsithardtoworkwithathletesbecausethey___.A.puttheirpersonalinterestsfirstB.complainabouttheirunhealthydietC.disagreeabouttheirtrainingscheduleD.doubttheroleofadietitianintheirteam27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeNiciMense?A.Determinedandgenerous.B.Humbleandinnovative.C.Talkativeandopen-minded.D.Enthusiasticandcommitted.CAccordingtoanideacalledthe“inflationary(暴脹的)multiverse”,theuniversehasbeenconstantlyexpanding,whichwouldhavecreatedacountlessnumberofotheruniverses.Collectively,thesecosmicislandsformwhatscientistscalla“multiverse”.However,otheruniversesmayliebeyondourscientificreach,physicallyandphilosophically.Consequently,themethodologiesbywhichphysicistsmightvalidate(驗(yàn)證)themultiverseandwhethersuchvalidationisevenpossibleremainunresolvedinquiries.Inscience,hypotheses(假說(shuō))areusedtoproposeexplanations,butfromhypothesestotheories,validationofpredictionsisessentialtoseewhetherinitialassumptionsaresupportedordisproved.TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,“Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.”Rovelliadds,“Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedpreviously,anditisnotworkingnow.”Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.Now,physicistsaredebatingwhetherthatproblemmovesthemultiversefromphysicstometaphysics,fromtheworldofsciencetothatofphilosophy.PhilosopherRichardDawidbelievesscientistscouldsupportthemultiversehypotheseswithoutactuallyfindingphysicalsupport.“Ifwehaveatheorythatseemstowork,andhavecomeupwithnothingthatworksbetter,chancesareourideaisright,”hesays.Noteveryoneissocheerful,though.SabineHossenfelder,anothertheoreticalphysicist,thinks“Withoutmakingcontactwithobservation,atheoryisn’tpartofthenaturalsciences,andnotphysics.”Somesupportersofthemultiverseclaimtheyhavefoundphysicalevidence.AndreiLindeinsists“Ouruniverseseemsfine-tuned(精調(diào)的)tobefavourabletolife,withafour-dimensionalspaceinwhichwecanlive.Itiscertainthatinaneternallyinflatingmultiverse,oneoftheuniversesshouldturnoutlikeours.Eachuniversecanhavedifferentphysicallawsandfundamentals.Givenlimitlesschanges,auniverseonwhichhumanscanbebornwillbeborn.Themultiverseactuallyexplainswhywe’rehere.Andourexistence,therefore,helpsexplainwhythemultiverseisplausible.”JustasEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativitycouldonlybeconfirmedrecentlywithabillion-dollarinstrumentcalledLIGO,scientistsmayeventuallydiscovermoredirectevidenceofthemultiverse.Sofar,allofsciencehasreliedontestability,butthoseteststaketime,andmosttheoreticianswanttowaititout.Theyarenotreadytoshelveanidealikethemultiverse—whichcouldactuallybetheanswertolife,theuniverseandeverything—untilandunlesstheycanprovetothemselvesitdoesn’texist.Andthatdaymaynevercome.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Themultiverseisrecognizedasatheory.B.Themultiversestartsdebatesonhumanexistence.C.Rovellicriticizesphysicistsfortheirbaselessfancies.D.Dawidemphasizesthenecessityofphysicalevidence.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Credible.B.Complex.C.Essential.D.Fascinating.30.Asfortheexistenceofmultiverse,theauthoris___.A.negativeB.neutralC.certainD.positive31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MysteriesofMultiverse:Fine-TunedforLifeB.CanPhysicistsEverProvetheMultiverseIsReal?C.TheInflationaryMultiverse:ProvenBeyondDoubtD.HavePhysicistsLostTheirMindsintheMultiverse?DPuremathematicsfascinatesme,preciselybecauseitissoinaccessible.Ienvisionitasaremote,chilly,dangerousplace,likeAntarctica’sSentinelRange.Thehardysoulswhosurmountitspeaksseemsuperhuman.PerhapsbecauseIromanticizemathematicians,I’mtroubledbythethoughtthatmachinesmightreplacethem.IstatedthispossibilityinTheDeathofProof,publishedintheOctober1993ScientificAmerican.Inresponsetothegrowingcomplexityofmathematics,Ireported,mathematicianswerebecomingincreasinglyreliantoncomputers.Iasked,“Willthegreatmathematiciansofthenextcenturybemadeofsilicon(硅)?”Mathematiciansarestillannoyedaboutthatarticle,evenasthetrendsIdescribedhavecontinued.AnthonyBordgatCambridgeUniversityworriesthathisfieldcouldfacea“replicationcrisis”(復(fù)制危機(jī))likethattroublingscientificresearch.Mathematicians,Bordgnotes,sometimesacceptaproofnotbecausetheyhavecheckedit,stepbystep,butbecausetheytrusttheproof’smethodsandauthor.Giventhe“increasingdifficultyincheckingthecorrectnessofmathematicalarguments”,old-fashionedpeerreviewmaynolongerbesufficient.Outstandingmathematicianshavepublished“proofs”sonovelandelaboratethatevenspecialistsintherelevantmathematicscan’tvalidatethem.Bordgsuggestscomputerized“proofassistants”willhelpconfirmproofs.Researchershavealreadyinventedan“interactivetheoremprover(交互式定理證明程序)”thatcancheckproofsandevenproposeimprovements.Somemathematicianswelcomethedigitizationofmathematicsforaccuracy.Othersareconflicted.MichaelHarrisseesmathematicsas“afree,creativeactivity”pursuedforitsownsake,forthepurejoyofdiscoveryandinsight.Heworriessuchtoolswillencouragea“l(fā)imitedvision”ofmathematicsasaneconomicproductratherthan“awayofbeinghuman”.Afterall,manyfundersofmathematicalresearch,includingtechnologygiants,valuemathematicsprimarilyforitsapplications.Wevaluescienceforapplications,too.Sentimentalsciencewriting,includingmine,impliesthatscience’spurposeisinsightintonature.Inthemodernera,however,science’sprimarygoalispower.Sciencehelpsuscontrolnatureforvariousends:toenrichandentertain,toboosteconomy,andtodefeatenemies.Modernphysics,tomostofus,isincomprehensible,butwhocareswhenphysicsgivesussmartphonesandhydrogenbombs?Physicistsoftenadoptautilitarian(實(shí)用主義的)mindset,exemplifiedbytheslogan“Shutupandcalculate!”Thatiswhatprofessorssupposedlytellstudentsstuckinquantummechanics.StephenHawkingandMartinReeshavepredictedartificialintelligencewillplayanincreasingroleinphysics.Wouldn’titbefunnyifaquantumAIfindsthelong-soughtunifiedtheoryofphysics,butnotevenbrillianttheoristEdwardWittenunderstandsit?Giventhepowerfulforcesbehindautomatization,ifmachinescanreplacemathematicians,theyprobablywill,justastheyarereplacingdrivers,banktellers,travelagents,cashiersandotherworkers.Mathematicians’wishes,suchastheirdesiretopursuetruthpurelyforitsownsake,mightbeunlikely.Thecharmofmathcanhardlybepreservedinfaceofthepowerfulforcesbehindautomatization.32.“Replicationcrisis”ismentionedto___.A.reduceaparticularconcernB.justifytheuseofdigitalassistantsC.questiontheroleofauthorityinmathD.highlightthepotentialthreatofmachines33.Advocatesofutilitarianisminsciencewouldprobablyagreethat___.A.insightintonatureisapriorityB.automatizationisamajortrendC.quantumAIremainsafantasyD.powerisanapproachtodigitization34.Whatcanbelearnedfromthispassage?A.Utilitarianmindsetpushesphysicsforward.B.Quantummechanicsunifiestheoriesofphysics.C.Thehumanityofmathematicsishardtomaintain.D.Leadingmathematicians’proofsarebeyondunderstanding.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyoustrugglingwithlowself-esteem(自尊)?Ifso,youmayhavebeentoldtorepeatphrasessuchas“I’malovableperson”.___35___However,whenpsychologiststestedtheeffectsofsuchpositiveself-talk,theyfound“toxicpositivity”—thephenomenonthataforcedoptimisticinterpretationofourexperiencesalongsidethebottlingupofnegativeemotionscandorealdamage.___36___Beginningintheindustrialrevolution,socioeconomicgoalsaroundproductivityandefficiencycontributedtoaculturewhereemotions,especiallyparalyzingoneslikesadness,wereseenashandbrakestoeconomicoutput.Ifsomeonewasstruggling,theywereadvisedtohavemorefaithratherthanencouragedtoexploretherootcauses.Sciencealsotakessomeblame.Historically,psychologistsdidn’tconsideremotionsasjustifiedphenomenatostudy,sotherewaslittleunderstandingoftheirsignificantimpactonmentalhealth.Itisn’tsurprisingthatwewanttobelievethingswillturnoutbetterifwehavepositiveattitude.Afterall,thereisagrowingbodyofresearchindicatingthatanoptimisticoutlookonlifedoeshavebenefits,suchaspromotingphysicalhealth,boostingenergy,andreducingstress.Italsoisn’tsurprisingthatwelabelcertainemotions,likeanger,guilt,fear,andbitterness,asbadbecausetheydofeelunpleasant.___37____Nevertheless,itisbecomingapparentthatpositivityhasitslimits.In2021,ameta-analysiswithmorethan217,000participantsinvestigatedthelinkbetweenoptimism,pessimismandmortality.Itfoundthatanoptimisticoutlookwasindeedassociatedwiththelowerriskofdeath,however,bothunrealisticoptimismandpessimismwerelinkedtoahigherriskofdeath.___38____Howcanweescapetoxicpositivity?SusanDavisfromHarvardMedicalSchoolemphasizestheimportanceofallowingourselvestositwithuncomfortableemotions.___39___Thekeytomanagingemotionsdoesnotlieinjudgingoneselfforfeelingnegativeemotions,butsimplyexperiencingthem,knowingthattheywillpass.A.Weneedtoacceptthemasanormalpartofhumanexperience.B.Ourtendencytoavoidthedarkeraspectsofhumanexperienceisn’tnew.C.Whenweexperiencethem,wecanbecomeconsumed,disturbedorinactive.D.Neglectingnegativeemotionsisalsofoundtobeharmfultoourmentalhealth.E.Theyurgeustoinjectabitofpositiveemotionintoourdaytogainthebenefits.F.Positivechantslikethisaresettoboostaperson’smoodandfeelingsofself-worth.G.Wearemorelikelytoperceivenormalemotionsasmentalproblemsneedingtreatment.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Mypathwaslongtorecognizingmyvocation(職業(yè)),muchlongerthanithadtobe.Myparentswereprofessorsofengineering.Sciencewasthehorizonofpossibilityinmyfamily;nothingelsecountedorevenexisted.NomatterhowmuchIlovedtoreadandwrite,itneveroccurredtometomajorinanythingelse.Ihadbeencuriousaboutbiologyandpsychologyinhighschool,sowhenIknewColumbiaofferedajointmajorinthetwofields,Ichoseitonthespot.Thefeeling,otherthanexcitement,wasoneofrelief.Icouldn’tbeartheuncertaintythatcollegerepresented.Insteadofopeningoptionsup,Ineededtoshutthemdown.Ihadlockedupthree-quartersofmycoursesforthenextfouryears,andIhadn’tevengonetoasingleclass.Therewasnoonetheretostopme.Iwouldmope(消沉)inthebackofthoselectures,readinganovelbehindmynotebook,unawareofthefactthatIwastryingtotellmyselfsomething.Idon’tknowexactlywhenthingswentwrongwithmychosencourseofstudy.BythetimeIrealizedthatIshouldhavebeenanEnglishmajor,itwastoolatetomaketheswitch.Iendedupworkinginatinynonprofitthatmeantnothingtome,withnoideawhereIshouldgonext.AndthenIhappenedtobevisitingafriendinarchitectureschool.Shewasn’thappy,either;herprogramwaswaytoopretentiousandtheoretical.Wewerewalkingalongandshesaid,“Ihavetogetoutofgraduateschool.”AndIimmediatelythought“Ihavetogotograduateschool.”Meaning,I’llneverbehappyuntilIgivemyselfthechancetostudyEnglishliteratureafterall.Meaning,it’snottoolate—I’mnotgoingtoletitbetoolate.Everythingwassuddenlyclearandcalm.Itwasn’teasygettinginatthatpoint.Butforthefirsttimeinalongwhile,Iperformedatthetopofmyability.I’dstudyforeightyhoursaweekandIhadneverbeenhappier.40.Whatfamilyfactor(s)influ