搶分法寶03 重難語法梳理二（非謂語動詞）（原卷版）

中考預(yù)測搶分法寶03重難語法梳理二（非謂語動詞）中考預(yù)測中考英語對非謂語動詞的考查集中在單項選擇題、語法選擇題、填空題、短文填空題?？疾橹攸c包括動詞不定式（結(jié)構(gòu)、用法、含不定式的句型）和動名詞（用法和句型）。本專題目的在于幫助學(xué)生梳理非謂語動詞的用法，以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)對非謂語動詞部分上海各區(qū)模擬及市中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分仍將是重點考查點之一，其考查重點為：1.it作形式主語、賓語的用法2.感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法:3.動詞不定式與疑問代詞和疑問副詞的連用4.一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶口，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to:5.有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作寬語，但表達的意思不同。思維導(dǎo)圖思維導(dǎo)圖解題技巧解題技巧1)邏輯關(guān)系判斷法從題中找到非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)出者，即邏輯主語，然后再判斷非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，主動還是被動，從而確定答案。2)時間先后順序法在解答非謂語動詞試題的時候，要確定句子中謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的關(guān)系，所發(fā)生的時間哪個在前，哪個在后。同時也需要了解非謂語動詞的不同形式所指的時間含義。習(xí)慣搭配法要注意哪些動詞后面接不定式，同時熟記使用不定式的句型知識梳理知識梳理考點一：動詞不定式在中考語法項目中，主要考查動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、目的狀語。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時to省略，直接由動詞原形構(gòu)成。否定式由“notto+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。如：Wedecidedtogoonhikingthoughweweretired.雖然我們很累，但是我們決定繼續(xù)遠足。Thegirltriednottowakeuphermother.這女孩盡量不吵醒她媽媽。1.動詞不定式作賓語（1）接不定式作賓語的動詞（“動詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)）常見的有：learn學(xué)會plan計劃decide決定try盡力choose選擇agree同意refuse拒絕pretend假裝offer主動wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承諾afford負擔(dān)得起prefer喜歡help幫助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜歡(liketodo/doing)continue繼續(xù)(continuetodo/doing)begin/start開始(begin/starttodo/doing)如：Iwouldliketohaveasandwich.我想要吃一個三明治。（2）動詞不定式作賓語，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式賓語。如：Wefounditdifficulttounderstandwhatyousaid.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難理解你所說的話。（3）有的動詞在不定式前可加上疑問詞（who，what，which等）作賓語（即“動詞+疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)），常見的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告訴；teach教；learn學(xué)習(xí)；decide決定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告訴她這個壞消息。2.動詞不定式作賓語補足語（1）接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞（動詞+sb.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)，否定式“動詞+sb.+nottodo”）常見的有：tell告訴ask請order命令warn警告teach教want想要require要求wish希望expect期望encourage鼓勵allow允許invite邀請advise建議force強迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那個電話號碼嗎？（2）有些及物動詞，接不定式作賓語補足語時（動詞+sb.+do），要省略to。這類及物動詞常見的有：let讓make使have使see看見watch注視hear聽到notice注意到feel感覺起來被動語態(tài)中要還原to，如makesb.do被動語態(tài)變?yōu)閟b.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在圖書館閱讀3.動詞不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、為了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.為了學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)，你必須多做練習(xí)。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我們來這是為了向你尋求幫助。4.不定式的常見句型考點二：動名詞一、動名詞的構(gòu)成動名詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同，動名詞具有名詞的特征，也有動詞的特征，它可以有賓語，也可用狀語來修飾。在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語和定語。二、動名詞的句法功能動名詞作主語動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：Playingcomputergamestoomuchis(be)badforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。動名詞作賓語動名詞可用作動詞或介詞的賓語，表示一般的習(xí)慣、抽象的行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。avoid避免 enjoyavoid避免 enjoy喜歡 keep保持suggest建議 finish完成 feellike想要practice練習(xí) mind介意consider考慮imagine想象giveup放棄bebusy忙于beworth值得can’thelp情不自禁lookforwardto期待payattentionto注意動名詞作表語多數(shù)情況下動名詞作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語。如：Oneofmydutiesistypingletters.=Typinglettersisoneofmyduties.我的職責(zé)之一是打信件。動名詞作定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。如：Weshouldimproveourlearningmethod.我們應(yīng)該改進學(xué)習(xí)方法。動名詞和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別有些動詞后既可接動詞不定式又可接動名詞作賓語，但表達的意義不同。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：動詞結(jié)構(gòu)含義stopstopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另外一件事trytrydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事needneeddoingsth.需要做某事（被動含義）needtodosth.需要去做某事（主動含義）regretregretdoingsth.很遺憾做了某事（已做）regrettodosth.很遺憾要去做某事（未做）rememberrememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（已做）remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）forgetforgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事（已做）forgettodosth.忘記去做某事（未做）如：I’lltrytocatchupwithmyclassthisterm.這一學(xué)期我將盡力趕上同學(xué)們。Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.我試著不查詞典來閱讀課文。Irememberseeingyousomewherebefore.我記得以前在哪兒見過你。Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.離開時請記得關(guān)好燈?？键c三：分詞（考試說明不做要求）一、分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，有主動、進行之意，所修飾的人或物是動作的執(zhí)行者；過去分詞由“動詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成，有被動、完成之意，所修飾的人或物是動作的承受者。二、分詞的句法功能現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都具有形容詞、副詞的特征，在句中可作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。功能說明示例定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，邏輯主語是其所修飾的詞Chinaisadevelopingcountry.過去分詞作定語時，邏輯賓語是其所修飾的詞Americaisadevelopedcountry.狀語分詞的邏輯主語為句子的主語Beingsick,Istayedathome.表語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征Thebookisinteresting.過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)I’minterestedinthebook.補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語,與被補充說明的詞之間是主動關(guān)系Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.過去分詞作補足語,與被補充說明的詞之間存在被動關(guān)系Therabbitfoundhiscarrotstolen.單項選擇單項選擇1．（2024·上海黃浦·二模）Manypeoplefailed________homeintimeforNewYear’sEvedinnerbecauseoftheheavysnow.A．a(chǎn)rrive B．a(chǎn)rriving C．toarrive D．toarriving2．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）Onehottopicatthisyear’smeetingsis“newproductiveforces”(新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力).Itmeansusingmodernandbetterways________thecountrygrow.A．help B．helping C．tohelp3．（2024·四川廣元·二模）Hedecided_________ashortbreakafterworkingforalongtime.A．take B．takes C．taking D．totake4．（2024·湖南永州·一模）Pleasebequiet!Look,thesignonthewallwarnsus________loudlyinthelibrary.A．talk B．totalk C．nottalk D．nottotalk5．（2024·四川廣元·二模）Karen’smothertellsher_________thewarmclothesbecauseofthecoldweather.A．wearing B．wear C．wears D．towear6．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）—Iadvisetheparents________theirchildaloneathome.—Iagreewithyou.A．toleave B．leaveC．nottoleave D．notleave7．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）—Astormisontheway.Don’tforget________thewindowwhenyougotosleep,Mike.—Iwon’t,Mum.A．close B．closing C．toclose D．closed8．（2024·上海楊浦·二模）It’sacustomfortheChinese_________agiftforfriendswhenvisitingthem.A．bring B．bringing C．tobring D．brought9．（2024·天津南開·一模）Myclassmateaskedmetolieforher.ButIrefused________her.A．help B．helped C．helps D．tohelp10．（2024·天津和平·一模）—Doyouintend________inChinaforlong,Betty?—Ihopeso.AndevenifIgobacktoAmerica,I’llcomebackandvisityouall.A．staying B．tostay C．stay D．stayed11．（2024·福建三明·二模）—Thenewshoesareforyou.Wouldyoulike________now?—Sure.I’dlovetodoit.A．trythemon B．totrythemon C．tryingthemon12．（2024·天津和平·一模）Whatshouldwepayattentionto________theanimalsindanger?A．helping B．tohelp C．help D．helped13．（2024·重慶沙坪壩·一模）Wendyalwaysusesplants________herroom.A．decorate B．todecorateC．decorating D．decorates14．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）Remember________yourhandsbeforemealsandaftergoingtothewashroom.A．towash B．washing C．wash D．washed15．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）________agoodseniorhighschool,wehavetoworkhardeveryday.A．Entering B．Enter C．Toenter D．Entered16．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）_________freefromthestressanddifficultiesthatarecommoninlife,takingupakindofsportsisanamazingway.A．Tobe B．Being C．Be D．Been17．（2024·云南昆明·一模）WiththepopularityofChinesetraditionalclothes,lotsofpeoplewant______horse-faceskirtsintheirdailylife.A．totry B．try C．tried D．trying18．（2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·一模）Ioftenhearhim________intheroom.Listen!He________intheroom.A．singing;singing B．sing;singing C．sing;issinging19．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）Youlooktootired.Whynot________arest?A．stoptohave B．tostophaving C．stophaving D．tostoptohave20．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）Mr.Wangoftenencouragesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．toget D．got21．（2024·天津濱海新·一模）Attentionmustbepaid__________yourwriting.Ittakestimeandeffort.A．improve B．toimproving C．improving D．improved22．（2024·天津濱海新·一模）Linglingoffered________BettytowatchheBeijingOperalastSunday.A．took B．takes C．totake D．taking23．（2024·吉林·一模）Myfatheralwaysgetsupearly_________thefirstbustogotowork.A．tocatch B．catching C．catch24．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Theteacheradvisesus________aninterestinnewknowledgeandsuggests________more.A．creating；toread B．creating；readingC．tocreate；toread D．tocreate；reading25．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Lily________runningtokeephealthyandalwaysdoeswhatshecan________me.A．takesafter;helpB．takesafter;tohelpC．takesup;help26．（2024·陜西西安·三模）—Hello,Tom.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed________intoourclassroomaccordingtotherules.—Sorry,Mr.Li.I________A．tobetaken;won’tB．tobetaken;willC．totake;won’t D．totake;will27．（2024·陜西西安·三模）There________anumberofsportseventsinourschoolnextmonth.Wecan’twait________them.A．willhave;toseeB．willbe;tosee C．willhave;seeing D．willbe;seeing28．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）—WouldyouliketoseethefilmYOLOwithme?—Certainly.Idon’tmindseeingitagain.ItsChinesenameis《熱辣滾燙》.Thestoryofloveanddreamsmademe________.A．cry B．crying C．tocry29．（2024·四川涼山·一模）Ourteachersalwayswarnusnot______swimmingwithoutparents.A．go B．togo C．going30．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）—Airpollutionisgettingmoreseriousthesedays.Whatcanwedo?—Weshouldtrytocomeupwithasmanymethodsaspossible________thepollution.A．control B．tocontrol C．controlling31．（2024·上海黃浦·二模）Somescientistssuggest________atanearlyage,butothersdonot.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．towriting32．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）—Whatdoyoulikedoinginyourfreetime?—Reading,ofcourse.________makesafullman.IespeciallylikethebooksbyLuXun.A．Reading B．Read C．Reads33．（2024·湖南株洲·一模）Wecan’tavoid________mistakesinlife,butit’simportantforustocorrectthemintimeandlearnfromthem.A．make B．made C．making D．tomake34．（2024·黑龍江雙鴨山·一模）—Iremember________thegirlyoumentioned.—Yes.Itwaslastspringthatshecametovisitus.A．meeting B．met C．tomeet35．（2024·吉林長春·一模）Whendidyoufinish________yourhomeworklastnight?A．making B．doing C．tomake D．todo36．（2024·上海楊浦·二模）Trytoavoid_________thatway.Youmighthurtotherpeople.A．speaking B．tospeak C．speak D．spoken37．（2024·四川廣元·二模）MyEnglishteachersuggested________EnglishaloudinthemorningsothatIcouldgetbettergrades.A．read B．toread C．reading D．reads38．（2024·黑龍江哈爾濱·一模）—Howdoyoukeepthebalancebetweenrelaxationandstudying?—Relaxationisasimportantasstudying.Soyoucan’tbetoobusy________torelax.A．tostudy B．studying C．study39．（2024·江蘇常州·一模）—IhearthatDanielfailedtheexamagain.—Yes.Heisalwayscareless.Heregretted________carefulwhentakingtheexam.A．tobe B．being C．nottobe D．notbeing40．（2024·湖南懷化·一模）—Iremember________thegirlyoumentioned.—Yes.Itwaslastspringthatshecametovisitus.A．meeting B．met C．tomeet41．（2024·甘肅定西·一模）Sheenjoysthecountrylife.Shemakesherlivingby________chickensandducksand________vegetables.A．keeping;growingB．keeps;grows C．tokeep;togrow D．keeping;grow42．（2024·青海海東·一模）Mybrotherspenttwodays________hisbicycleandturneditintoanewoneagain.A．fix B．tofix C．fixing D．fixed43．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）Theystayedathome________football.A．insteadplay B．insteadofplay C．insteadofplaying D．insteadplaying44．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）Hehassometrouble________English.A．practicespeaking B．practicingspeakingC．practicingspeak D．topracticetospeak45．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）LiMingused_________ontherightinChina,buthesoongotused_________ontheleftinEngland.A．todrive;todrive B．driving;drivingC．todriving;todrive D．todrive;todriving46．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Parentsshouldpayattentionto________careoftheirkids.Theyshouldn’tbebusy________theirworkallthetime.A．taking；doing B．taking；todoC．take；doing D．take；todo47．（2024·四川成都·一模）—Whoistheman________?—Oh,heisMr.Green,anEnglishteacher.A．talkedwithMary B．talkswithMary C．talkingwithMary48．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）WhenIwaswalkingpasthisroom,Ihearhim________piano.A．playing B．toplay C．toplaythe D．playingthe49．（2024·甘肅武威·一模）It’s8:00p.m.now.Theremustbelotsofoldpeople_________inthesquare.

A．dance B．dancing C．a(chǎn)redancing D．danced50．（2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·一模）Inthepicturethereis________sheep________grassonthehill.A．a(chǎn)few;eating B．little;toeat C．a(chǎn)little;eating51．（2024·江蘇宿遷·一模）—Aretheremanystudents________abouttheMid-termStar