山東省臨沂市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省臨沂市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatanimalisthemanworryingabout?A.Abear.B.Adog.C.Acat.2.Whatsubjectisthemanprobablyteaching?A.Geography.B.Physics.C.English.3.Whoislateforthemeeting?A.Jill.B.Eric.C.Martin.4.Howwillthemangohome?A.Takethesubway.B.Mailsomepapers.C.Drivehome.5.Whenwastheparcelsupposedtoarrive?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemanplanningtomake?A.Applejuice.B.Bananajuice.C.Orangejuice.7.Whatwillthespeakersprobablyeatforlunch?A.Asalad.B.Hamburgers.C.Barbecue.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoatfirst?A.Sellasecond-handcomputertoher.B.Buyanewcomputerforher.C.Repairhercomputer.9.Whatwillthewomandointheafternoon?A.Cleanheroffice.B.Attendmeetings.C.Goshopping.10.Whatdayisittomorrow?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Lawyerandclient.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Companyownerandemployee.12.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Intheman’shome.13.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toinvitehimforcoffee.B.Toofferhimanewposition.C.Tocomplainaboutherfamilymatter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheman’sbeard?A.Shethinksitmakeshimlookstrange.B.Sheprefershimtoshaveitalloff.C.Shelikesittobelonger.15.Howlongdoesittakethemantogrowabeard?A.Aboutamonth.B.Abouttwomonths.C.Aboutthreemonths.16.Whatsportisthemangoingtowatch?A.Football.B.Rugby.C.Carracing.17.Whichcountry’sfooddoesthewomanprefer?A.Italy.B.France.C.Switzerland.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Originanddevelopmentofkites.B.Methodsofmakingkites.C.Usesofkitesinwars.19.WhatdidancientChineseusekitestodo?A.Passonsecretmessages.B.Givewarningsofdanger.C.Carryropesacrossrivers.20.WhydidBenjaminFranklinflyakiteinthestorm?A.Totesttheeffectsofaninvention.B.Toprotecthousesagainstlightning.C.Toprovethatlightningiselectricity.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheIncaEmpirewasthemostpowerfuloftheday,rulingwesternSouthAmericabetween1400and1533.AndtheIncaleaderssometimesneededvacations!That’swhytheIncabuiltMachuPicchuinwhat’snowPeru.Allthat’slefttodayareruins,butabout500yearsago,itwasabustlingroyalresidence.Peekintothepasttodiscoverthesecretsofthisawesomespot.ROYALRELAXATIONTheroyalfamilylivedmostlyinthemountainouscapitalcity,Cusco.Butduringthewinter,theycouldmovedowntothewarmerMachuPicchu.EmperorPachacutiIncaYupanquilikelyorderedconstructionofitaround1450.There,theroyalscouldfeastandentertainguests.Theother750residentsservedtherulersandmaintainedthecity.PERFECTFITEarthquakesarecommoninPeru,soIncabuildersdesignedMachuPicchutoresisttheseshakes.Theycutthestonestofittogether,andtheydidn’tuseanymaterial,likecement,tobindthem.Thisway,whenthegroundshook,thestonescouldbouncearoundandthensettlebackintoplace.CODEDLANGUAGETheIncadidn’thaveawrittenlanguageandinsteadusedknottedcordscalledquipu(KEE-poo)tosendmessagesandkeeprecords.Expertsthinkthestyleoftheknotandthecolorofthestringcontainedinformation.Researchersarenowusingcomputerstotrytountangletheselong-lostcodes.1.WhydidtheIncaEmpirebuildMachuPicchu?A.Forpleasureofmoreresidents. B.Fortherecreationoftheleaders.C.Forrelocatingthecapitalcity. D.Forappealingtomorevacationers.2.WhatdidIncabuildersdotoresisttheshakes?A.Theymadethestonesfittogether. B.Theyusedcementtobindthem.C.Theymadethestonesbouncearound. D.Theysettledthestonesbackintoplace.3.HowdidtheIncashareimportantinformation?A.Bytellingothersfacetoface. B.Bywritingitdownonlargestones.C.Byusingtheirownuniquelanguage. D.Bycoloringsomematerialspicked.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了馬丘比丘建造的原因以及三方面的特點(diǎn)。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AndtheIncaleaderssometimesneededvacations!That’swhytheIncabuiltMachuPicchuinwhat’snowPeru.(而且印加領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有時也需要休假！這就是印加人在現(xiàn)在的秘魯建造馬丘比丘的原因)”可知，印加帝國建造馬丘比丘是為了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們的娛樂。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theycutthestonestofittogether,andtheydidn’tuseanymaterial,likecement,tobindthem.Thisway,whenthegroundshook,thestonescouldbouncearoundandthensettlebackintoplace.(他們把石頭切割成一塊塊的，沒有使用任何材料，比如水泥，來粘合它們。這樣，當(dāng)?shù)孛嬲饎訒r，石頭可以四處彈跳，然后回到原來的位置)”可知，印加建造者把石頭拼在一起抵御地震。故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheIncadidn’thaveawrittenlanguageandinsteadusedknottedcordscalledquipu(KEE-poo)tosendmessagesandkeeprecords.(印加人沒有書面語言，而是使用一種名為quipu(KEE-poo)的繩結(jié)來傳遞信息和保存記錄。專家認(rèn)為打結(jié)的樣式和繩子的顏色包含了信息)”可知，印加人通過使用自己獨(dú)特的語言來分享重要信息。故選C。BWhenSoareswasayoungboygrowingupinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,hisfamilydidn’thavethemeanstopayforextracurricularactivities.However,theyfoundasolutionbysigninghimupforafreecircusschoolthataimedtokeephimoffthestreetsandoutoftrouble.ItwastherethatSoaresdiscoveredhispassionforperformanceart,includingacrobatics,capoeira,acting,andclowning.Balletnevercrossedhismindasapracticalcareeroption,asballetwasn’tanoticeabledanceforminBrazilatthetime.Attheageof12,Soaresbegandancingbutnotinthetraditionalsense.Hisolderbrotherwaspartofahip-hopstreetdancegroup,andSoaresstartedhangingoutwiththem.Hesooncombinedhiscircusschoolskillswithhip-hopandcapoeiratocreateauniquestylethatfascinatedaudiencesinRio.Oneday,theheadofaBraziliandancecompanysawSoaresperformandarrangedforhimtoselectionforadanceschool.Hewasawardedascholarshipthatcoveredhistuitionfees,andhebeganstudyingmoderndance.However,itwasn’tlongbeforeeveryonebelievedthatSoaresshouldswitchtoballet.Hewasimmediatelyputonafasttrack,attendingacademicschoolinthemorningsandballetclassesintheevenings.Soares’parentswerehesitantabouttheirsonpursuingballetasacareer.Theywereworriedabouthisgradesandwhetherballetwouldprovidehimwithastablefuture.Soaressharedtheirconcernsandhadneverknownanyonewhopursuedballetprofessionally.Despitethesereservations,somethingincrediblehappenedwithintwoyearsofSoaresstartingballettraining.HeparticipatedintheParisInternationalDanceCompetitionandwonasilvermedal.Thisachievementwasevenmoreimpressiveconsideringthatmostofhiscompetitorshadbeenstudyingballetsincechildhood.AfterParis,SoaresjoinedthenationalballetcompanyinBrazilandbeganearningmoneyfromhisdancing.Threeyearslater,hewentontowinthegoldmedalattheMoscowInternationalCompetition,previouslywonbylegendaryballetdancerslikeMikhailBaryshnikov.4.WhywasSoaressenttoacircusschool?A.Toseekachancetomakeaname. B.Tostophimgettingintotrouble.C.Toearnmoneytopayfortuitionfees. D.Todevelopaninterestinperformanceart.5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Moderndancebecamehisfavorite. B.Winningascholarshipwashismainaim.C.Hequicklydisplayedhistalentforballet. D.Hisacademicclasseshadtogivewaytoballetclasses.6.WhatistheoriginalattitudeofSoares’parentstohispursuingballet?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Supportive. D.Unclear.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnUnconventionalJourneytoaBalletStarB.TheFinancialStrugglesofaYoungDancerC.ModernDance:AGatewaytoBalletExcelleceD.TheDilemma:BalancingSchoolandBalletforSuccess【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Soares小時候父母為了不讓他惹麻煩，把他送到馬戲團(tuán)學(xué)校，結(jié)果在那里Soares發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的芭蕾舞天賦。經(jīng)過兩年的訓(xùn)練，Soares取得了不錯的成績，還在莫斯科國際比賽中獲得金牌?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,theyfoundasolutionbysigninghimupforafreecircusschoolthataimedtokeephimoffthestreetsandoutoftrouble.(然而，他們找到了一個解決辦法，讓他報(bào)名參加一個免費(fèi)的馬戲?qū)W校，目的是讓他遠(yuǎn)離街頭，遠(yuǎn)離麻煩)”可知，蘇亞雷斯被送到馬戲團(tuán)學(xué)校是為了阻止他惹上麻煩。故選B。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Oneday,theheadofaBraziliandancecompanysawSoaresperformandarrangedforhimtoselectionforadanceschool.Hewasawardedascholarshipthatcoveredhistuitionfees,andhebeganstudyingmoderndance.However,itwasn’tlongbeforeeveryonebelievedthatSoaresshouldswitchtoballet.(一天，一家巴西舞蹈公司的負(fù)責(zé)人看了蘇亞雷斯的表演，并安排他進(jìn)入舞蹈學(xué)校。他獲得了一筆獎學(xué)金來支付學(xué)費(fèi)，并開始學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代舞。然而，沒過多久，每個人都認(rèn)為蘇亞雷斯應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)向芭蕾舞)”可推知，蘇亞雷斯很快就展示了他的芭蕾舞天賦。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Soares’parentswerehesitantabouttheirsonpursuingballetasacareer.Theywereworriedabouthisgradesandwhetherballetwouldprovidehimwithastablefuture.(蘇亞雷斯的父母對兒子是否要以芭蕾為職業(yè)猶豫不決。他們擔(dān)心他的成績，擔(dān)心芭蕾舞能否給他提供一個穩(wěn)定的未來)”可推知，蘇亞雷斯的父母最初對他追求芭蕾舞是懷疑態(tài)度。故選A?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了Soares小時候父母為了不讓他惹麻煩，把他送到馬戲團(tuán)學(xué)校，結(jié)果在那里Soares發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的芭蕾舞天賦。經(jīng)過兩年的訓(xùn)練，Soares取得了不錯的成績，還在莫斯科國際比賽中獲得金牌?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“成為芭蕾舞明星的非常規(guī)之旅”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CAmodelofpersonaliseddementia(癡呆癥)supportcouldimprovelifeforpeoplewithdementiaandtheircarersbyallowingthemtomakethebestchoicesfortheirowncareneeds.InBritain,thereisaconcerninggapindementiasupport,notesDrTomasina,DementiaCareProgrammeLeadattheUniversityofPlymouth.“Theyhavereceivedadiagnosisbutarenotyetinneedofacarehomeorinputfromspecialists.Worryingly,theseindividualsandtheircarers,whoareusuallyfamilymembers,areoftenleftwithoutsuitablesupporttofacearangeofseverechallenges,”shesays.Challengescanincludesociallonliness,despairandfrailty(脆弱)duetocombinedphysicalandcognitivedecline.However,afive-yearresearchprojectincludingtheUniversitiesofPlymouthandManchester-establishedin2018andfundedbytheNationalInstituteforHealthandCareResearch—aimstoremedythisdisregardbyevaluatingasystemfordementiasupporttheyhavedeveloped.DementiaPersonalisedCareTeam(D-PACT)proposesimprovingthelivesofpeoplelivingwithdementiaandtheircarerswithpersonalisedemotionalandpracticalsupportfromanappropriatelytrainedDementiaSupportWorker.“TheSupportWorkerbecomesatrustedpointofcontactwhocanspotpotentialproblemsbeforetheygetintocrises,”saysProfessorRichardByng,ProfessorinPrimaryCareResearchattheUniversityofPlymouth.“It’samodelthathelpstheindividualandtheircarersfunctionandstaytogether.”Thestudy,whichwasconductedinarangeofsettings,showspotentialvalueandhasbeenwell-receivedbythosewhotookpart.“Peoplehavedescribedastepchangeintheirsupport,”saysProfessorByng.“Theysaytheyfeellistenedtoandtreatedasaperson,gettingreassuranceandrelief—particularlycarers—thattheyaredoingthingsrightandsomeoneisalongsidethem.”8.What’sthepurposeofthepersonalisedsupport?A.Tocurepeoplewithseveredementia.B.Tobridgethegapbetweenpatientsanddoctors.C.Tohelppeoplewithdementiachoosethebestcarers.D.Tobetterthelifeofpeoplewithdementiaandtheircarers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remedy”meaninParagraph3?A.Buildup. B.Makeupfor. C.Takeover. D.Takecareof.10.WhatcanatrainedDementiaSupportWorkerdo?A.Dealwithpotentialproblems.B.ProposetoD-PACTabettersupport.C.Helppeoplewithdementiarecoverquickly.D.Provideemotionalsupportforpatientswithdementia.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepersonalisedsupport?A.Itcanrelievepeople’sstress. B.Itfunctionslikeaperson.C.Itcanhelppeoplelistenbetter. D.Itisespeciallyhelpfultocarers.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.D【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了個性化癡呆癥支持模式可以讓癡呆癥患者及其護(hù)理人員根據(jù)自己的護(hù)理需求做出最佳選擇，從而改善他們的生活?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Amodelofpersonaliseddementia(癡呆癥)supportcouldimprovelifeforpeoplewithdementiaandtheircarersbyallowingthemtomakethebestchoicesfortheirowncareneeds.(個性化癡呆癥支持模式可以讓癡呆癥患者及其護(hù)理人員根據(jù)自己的護(hù)理需求做出最佳選擇，從而改善他們的生活。)”可知，個性化支持的目的是改善癡呆癥患者及其護(hù)理人員的生活。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Worryingly,theseindividualsandtheircarers,whoareusuallyfamilymembers,areoftenleftwithoutsuitablesupporttofacearangeofseverechallenges,”shesays.(“令人擔(dān)憂的是，這些人及其照顧者（通常是家庭成員）往往得不到適當(dāng)?shù)闹С?，無法面對一系列嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，”她說)”可知，癡呆癥患者及其照顧者往往得不到適當(dāng)?shù)闹С?，即被忽視，結(jié)合第三段中劃線單詞所在句子“However,afive-yearresearchprojectincludingtheUniversitiesofPlymouthandManchester-establishedin2018andfundedbytheNationalInstituteforHealthandCareResearch—aimsto remedythisdisregardbyevaluatingasystemfordementiasupporttheyhavedeveloped.(然而，普利茅斯大學(xué)和曼徹斯特大學(xué)于2018年成立并由國家健康與護(hù)理研究所資助的一項(xiàng)為期五年的研究項(xiàng)目旨在通過評估他們開發(fā)的癡呆癥支持系統(tǒng)來remedy這種忽視)”可知，普利茅斯大學(xué)和曼徹斯特大學(xué)成立并由國家健康與護(hù)理研究所資助的一項(xiàng)為期五年的研究項(xiàng)目，是為了解決這種忽視，即通過評估他們開發(fā)的癡呆癥支持系統(tǒng)彌補(bǔ)政府對癡呆癥患者及其家人的忽視，由此可知，劃線單詞意為“彌補(bǔ)”，與B項(xiàng)“Makeupfor.(彌補(bǔ))”意思一樣，故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“DementiaPersonalisedCareTeam(D-PACT)proposesimprovingthelivesofpeoplelivingwithdementiaandtheircarerswithpersonalisedemotionalandpracticalsupportfromanappropriatelytrainedDementiaSupportWorker.

(癡呆癥個性化護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)(D-PACT)建議通過經(jīng)過適當(dāng)培訓(xùn)的癡呆癥支持人員提供的個性化情感和實(shí)際支持來改善癡呆癥患者及其護(hù)理人員的生活。)”可知，訓(xùn)練有素的癡呆癥支持人員可以為癡呆癥患者提供情感支持。故選D?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“DementiaPersonalisedCareTeam(D-PACT)proposesimprovingthelivesofpeoplelivingwithdementiaandtheircarerswithpersonalisedemotionalandpracticalsupportfromanappropriatelytrainedDementiaSupportWorker.“TheSupportWorkerbecomesatrustedpointofcontactwhocanspotpotentialproblemsbeforetheygetintocrises,”saysProfessorRichardByng,ProfessorinPrimaryCareResearchattheUniversityofPlymouth.“It’samodelthathelpstheindividualandtheircarersfunctionandstaytogether.”(癡呆癥個性化護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)(D-PACT)建議通過經(jīng)過適當(dāng)培訓(xùn)的癡呆癥支持人員提供的個性化情感和實(shí)際支持來改善癡呆癥患者及其護(hù)理人員的生活。普利茅斯大學(xué)初級保健研究教授RichardByng表示：“支持人員成為值得信賴的聯(lián)系人，可以在潛在問題陷入危機(jī)之前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。”“這是一個幫助個人及其護(hù)理人員正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)并保持在一起的模式。”)”可知，個性化支持對護(hù)理人員特別有幫助，故選D。DWhenitcomestokeepingoffextrapounds,watchingwhatweeatmaynotbeenough—wehavetokeepaneyeonourfood’spackaging,too.Halftheworldisexpectedtobeoverweightby2035.Inadditiontoovereatingandlackofexercise,thescientificcommunityisexploringanotherfactorthatmaycontribute—eatingproductspackagedinplastic.Forastudypublishedlastyear,researchersattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologysetouttodeterminewhatchemicalcompounds(化合物)existin34commonplasticitemsthattouchthingsweeat,suchasyogurtcups,juicebottles,candypackages,andplasticwrapusedforproduceandcheese,aswellasitemsoftenfoundinkitchen.Ofthe55,000chemicalstheresearchersfoundintheseitems,only629wereidentifiable,whichinfluenceourbodies’abilitytoregulateweight,troublinghealtheffects.“We’requitecertainthattherearemanychemicalsinplasticproductsthatimpactmetabolism(新陳代謝),butwejustcouldn’tidentifyallofthem,”MartinWagner,astudyco-authorsaid.Strikingly,Wagnerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatathirdofallthecommonproductstheytestedcontainchemicalsthatcausetheadipogenic(生脂的)process.Althoughweareexposedtothemdaily,mostofthesemysterychemicalsareunknown,unstudiedandunregulated.Foryears,expertshavebeenwarningagainstplasticfoodcontainers,particularlyforhotoroilyfoodswhichmaymaketheplasticsunstableandincreasetheriskofchemicalleaching(滲出).Asoneofthem,Wagnerarguesthatweneedtostartreducingourexposuretoplasticwithoutwaitingformoreslow-movingresearchtoprovethattheplasticsinourfood,products,bloodandorgansareriskfactorsforbadhealthoutcomes.Really,reducingourplasticexposureshouldbeouroverallgoal.Whenwethinkaboutcuttingjunkoutofourdiets,thecriminalsshouldn’tjustbecandyandsoda—plasticneedstogo,too.12.Whatnewly-foundfactormaycauseoverweight?A.Eatingtoomuch. B.Lackofexercise.C.Unhealthyeatinghabits. D.Food’splasticpackaging.13.Whatisthefindingofthestudypublishedlastyear?A.Mostproductstestedcontainadipogenicchemicals.B.Metabolismisaffectedbychemicalsinplasticproducts.C.Theinfluenceofplasticproductsonourhealthisunknown.D.Only629chemicalsinplasticproductsregulatepeople‘sweight.14.WhatdoesWagnersuggestwedo?A.Stopeatingfoodspackagedinplastic.B.Avoidusingplasticproductsforhotoroilyfoods.C.Reduceourexposuretoplasticasmuchaspossible.D.Waitformoreresearchtoprovetherisksofplastics.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Keepingoffextrapoundsisurgent.B.It’shightimetostopusingplasticpackaging.C.Chemicalsinplasticpackagingmayleadtooverweight.D.Plasticfoodpackagingprovestocontainharmfulchemicals.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究表明，塑料包裝中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能導(dǎo)致人們超重?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inadditiontoovereatingandlackofexercise,thescientificcommunityisexploringanotherfactorthatmaycontribute—eatingproductspackagedinplastic.(除了暴飲暴食和缺乏運(yùn)動之外，科學(xué)界正在探索另一個可能的因素——食用塑料包裝的產(chǎn)品)”可知，食品塑料包裝是導(dǎo)致超重的一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)的因素，故選D。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“We’requitecertainthattherearemanychemicalsinplasticproductsthatimpactmetabolism(新陳代謝),butwejustcouldn’tidentifyallofthem,(我們非常確定塑料產(chǎn)品中存在許多影響新陳代謝的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但我們無法識別所有這些化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，去年發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果是新陳代謝受到塑料制品中化學(xué)物質(zhì)的影響。故選B。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asoneofthem,Wagnerarguesthatweneedtostartreducingourexposuretoplasticwithoutwaitingformoreslow-movingresearchtoprovethattheplasticsinourfood,products,bloodandorgansareriskfactorsforbadhealthoutcomes.(作為其中之一，瓦格納認(rèn)為，我們需要開始減少對塑料的接觸，而不是等待更多進(jìn)展緩慢的研究來證明我們的食物、產(chǎn)品、血液和器官中的塑料是不良健康結(jié)果的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素)”可知，Wagner建議我們盡可能減少我們與塑料的接觸。故選C。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Whenitcomestokeepingoffextrapounds,watchingwhatweeatmaynotbeenough—wehavetokeepaneyeonourfood’spackaging,too.Halftheworldisexpectedtobeoverweightby2035.Inadditiontoovereatingandlackofexercise,thescientificcommunityisexploringanotherfactorthatmaycontribute—eatingproductspackagedinplastic.(當(dāng)談到防止體重增加時，僅僅關(guān)注我們吃的東西可能還不夠——我們還必須關(guān)注食物的包裝。預(yù)計(jì)到2035年，世界上一半的人將超重。除了暴飲暴食和缺乏鍛煉之外，科學(xué)界正在探索另一個可能的因素——食用塑料包裝的產(chǎn)品)”可知，文章主要介紹了塑料包裝中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能導(dǎo)致人們超重。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenvisitingapark,itiscommontoobserveolderindividualslisteningtoaudio(有聲的)booksinsteadofreadingtraditionalbooks.Audiobookshavebecomequitepopularthesedays.____16____Islisteningtoanaudiobookjustasbeneficialasreadingabook?____17____Readingneedsustofocusallourattentiononthewordsinabook.Wealsoneedtofindtimeandaspecificplacetositdownandread.However,audiobooksprovideflexibilityandallowindividualstoengageinotheractivitieswhilelistening.Anditgivesyoureyesabreak,too.Butthebigquestionis,dowegetknowledgefromaudiobooksaseffectivelyaswedofrompaperbooks?____18____Volunteersingrouponewereaskedtolistentoanaudiobookwhilevolunteersingrouptworeadabookofthesamecontent.Surprisingly,bothgroupsrecalledthesameamountofinformation,whethertheylistenedtoitorreadit.AnotherstudypublishedintheJournalofNeurosciencefurthersupportedtheresultabove.Inthestudy,researchersscanned(掃描)people’sbrainswhentheylistenedtoandreadbooks.____19____Somepeoplestillbelievethattheylearnbetterfromreadingpaperbooks.Onereasonmightbethatwhenwelistentoaudiobooks,weareoftenmultitasking.Ifyou’retryingtolearnwhiledoingtwothings,you’renotgoingtolearnaswell.____20____Itisimportanttoavoiditwhilelisteningtoaudiobookstoensurebestlearningoutcomes.A.Howdopeopleobtainaudiobooks?B.Youcanlistentoaudiobooksanytime.C.Multitaskingcaninterrupteffectivelearning.D.Researchersconductanexperimenttofigureitout.E.Whyaremoreandmorepeoplechoosingaudiobooks?F.Oneofthemainadvantagesofaudiobooksisconvenience.G.Itrevealsthatbothactivitiesexcitealmostthesamepartsofthebrain.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.G20.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。有聲讀物如今變得非常流行。文章主要介紹了有聲讀物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及就我們從有聲讀物中獲取知識是否像從紙質(zhì)書中一樣有效進(jìn)行了研究，研究表明有聲讀物和紙質(zhì)書一樣有效，但是一些人仍然認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)書更有效?！?6題詳析】上文“Audiobookshavebecomequitepopularthesedays.(有聲讀物如今變得非常流行。)”指出有聲讀物如今很流行，下文“Islisteningtoanaudiobookjustasbeneficialasreadingabook?(聽有聲讀物和讀書一樣有益嗎？)”提出疑問，聽有聲讀物是否有益，由此推知，空處提問有聲讀物變得流行的原形，E項(xiàng)“為什么越來越多的人選擇有聲讀物？”符合，故選E。【17題詳析】下文“However,audiobooksprovideflexibilityandallowindividualstoengageinotheractivitieswhilelistening.Anditgivesyoureyesabreak,too.(然而，有聲讀物提供了靈活性，允許個人在聆聽的同時從事其他活動。它還可以讓您的眼睛得到休息)”指出有聲讀物的好處，即很方便，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“有聲讀物的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是方便。”能概括本段內(nèi)容，故選F?！?8題詳析】上文“Butthebigquestionis,dowegetknowledgefromaudiobooksaseffectivelyaswedofrompaperbooks?(但最大的問題是，我們從有聲讀物中獲取知識是否像從紙質(zhì)書中獲取知識一樣有效？)”提出問題——們從有聲讀物中獲取知識是否像從紙質(zhì)書中獲取知識一樣有效，下文“Volunteersingrouponewereaskedtolistentoanaudiobookwhilevolunteersingrouptworeadabookofthesamecontent.Surprisingly,bothgroupsrecalledthesameamountofinformation,whethertheylistenedtoitorreadit.(第一組的志愿者被要求聽一本有聲讀物，而第二組的志愿者則閱讀一本內(nèi)容相同的書。令人驚訝的是，無論是聽還是讀，兩組人都回憶起相同數(shù)量的信息。)”介紹了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容和結(jié)果，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出為了回答“我們從有聲讀物中獲取知識是否像從紙質(zhì)書中獲取知識一樣有效”這個問題，進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，D項(xiàng)“研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)來找出答案?！狈希蔬xD。【19題詳析】上文“AnotherstudypublishedintheJournalofNeurosciencefurthersupportedtheresultabove.Inthestudy,researchersscanned(掃描)people’sbrainswhentheylistenedtoandreadbooks.(《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表的另一項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)一步支持了上述結(jié)果。在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員掃描了人們聽書和讀書時的大腦。)”指出在一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員掃描了人們聽書和讀書時的大腦，空處承接上文，應(yīng)該介紹研究結(jié)果，G項(xiàng)“它表明，這兩種活動都會刺激大腦的幾乎相同部分?！狈项}意，故選G。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’retryingtolearnwhiledoingtwothings,you’renotgoingtolearnaswell.(如果你想在做兩件事的同時學(xué)習(xí)，你是學(xué)不到東西的。)”可知，多任務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)會影響學(xué)習(xí)效果，C項(xiàng)“多任務(wù)處理會中斷有效的學(xué)習(xí)?！狈险Z境，承接上文，對上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。In1978,AvrilandChristopherRowlandspaid￡6forafir(冷杉),broughtittotheirnewhomeintheprettyvillageofInkberry.After____21____theirfirstChristmastogether,theyplantedthetreeintheirfrontgardento____22____theirfirstChristmasintheirnewhome.Ithas____23____grownovertheyearsandnowadays,it____24____overtheirfour-bedroomproperty—measuringabout50feet.EachDecemberthecoupledecoratetheirgiantfirwiththousandsoffairylightswhichtheyswitchonforthe____25____.Thetreeisso____26____thatacherrypickerisusedtoreachthetopbranchesandaddthestartothetop.Thelightedtreeisoneofthebrightestlandmarks(標(biāo)志性建筑)inInkberrow,whichisoneofUK’sdarkestvillages____27____therebeingnostreetlights.AvrilandChristopher’sfirnowattractsthousandsofpeoplewho____28____theirtreeeveryDecember.AsaretiredTVwriter,Avrilsaid,“WelovedoingtheChristmaslights.The____29____canbeseenfrommilesaroundonnightsandpeople____30____toseeit.It’sbecomesomethingofa(an)____31____forpeopleinthevillageandbeyond.Iteven____32____metowriteachildren’sbookaboutthetreecalledTheLaxfordHouseChristmasTree.“Thecoupleaskforpeoplewhoadmirethetreetomakea____33____andovertheyearstheyhaveraisedthousandsofpoundsforcharity.“Thetreeisreally____34____,”saidtheretiredBBCeditorChristopher.“DuringCOVID,itwaslit,likeabeaco(燈塔)of____35____.”21.A.consuming B.enjoying C.perceiving D.planning22.A.defend B.support C.expose D.mark23.A.initially B.steadily C.tightly D.severely24.A.runs B.stands C.swings D.stretches25.A.strangers B.passers-by C.villagers D.travelers26.A.tall B.attractive C.unique D.bright27.A.inspiteof B.bymeansof C.incaseof D.onaccountof28.A.spot B.view C.decorate D.water29.A.tree B.light C.gift D.garden30.A.struggle B.crowd C.march D.parade31.A.appetite B.fashion C.tradition D.trend32.A.inspired B.persuaded C.allowed D.convinced33.A.difference B.decision C.donation D.fortune34.A.rare B.slight C.secure D.special35.A.hope B.kindness C.success D.pride【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.B31.C32.A33.C34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了1978年，Avril和ChristopherRowlands花了6英鎊買了一棵冷杉，這棵樹長得很大，每年十二月，這對夫婦都會用數(shù)千盞仙女燈來裝飾他們的巨型冷杉，并為村民打開這些彩燈，如今這棵亮著燈的樹是Inkberrow最亮的地標(biāo)之一。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一起度過了第一個圣誕節(jié)后，他們在前花園種下了這棵樹，以紀(jì)念他們在新家的第一個圣誕節(jié)。A.consuming消費(fèi)；B.enjoying喜歡；過得愉快；C.perceiving認(rèn)為；理解；D.planning計(jì)劃。由下文“theirfirstChristmastogether,”可知，他們一起愉快地度過了圣誕節(jié)，故選B。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一起度過了第一個圣誕節(jié)后，他們在前花園種下了這棵樹，以紀(jì)念他們在新家的第一個圣誕節(jié)。A.defend防御；B.support支持；C.expose暴露；D.mark做標(biāo)記，紀(jì)念。由上文“theyplantedthetreeintheirfrontgardento”和下文“theirfirstChristmasintheirnewhome”可知，他們在前花園種下了這棵樹，是為了紀(jì)念他們在新家的第一個圣誕節(jié)，故選D。【23題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，它一直在穩(wěn)步長大，如今，它已經(jīng)覆蓋了他們的四居室房產(chǎn)，面積約為50英尺。A.initially最初；B.steadily穩(wěn)定地；C.tightly緊緊地；D.severely嚴(yán)重地。由下文“grownovertheyears”可知，多年來這棵樹應(yīng)該是穩(wěn)步長大，故選B。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，它一直在穩(wěn)步長大，如今，它已經(jīng)覆蓋了他們的四居室房產(chǎn)，面積約為50英尺。A.runs跑步；B.stands站；C.swings擺動；D.stretches延伸；伸長。由下文“overtheirfour-bedroomproperty—measuringabout50feet”和上文提到的它一直穩(wěn)步增長可知，如今它延伸覆蓋到了四居室房產(chǎn)，面積約為50英尺。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每年十二月，這對夫婦都會用數(shù)千盞仙女燈來裝飾他們的巨型冷杉，并為村民打開這些彩燈。A.strangers陌生人；B.passers-by路人；C.villagers村民；D.travelers旅行者。由下文“Thelightedtreeisoneofthebrightestlandmarks(標(biāo)志性建筑)inInkberrow,whichisoneofUK’sdarkestvillages”可知，villagers是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，此處指出為村民打開這些彩燈。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這棵樹太高了，以至于需要使用櫻桃采摘機(jī)到達(dá)頂部樹枝并將星星添加到頂部。A.tall高的；B.attractive有吸引力的；C.unique獨(dú)特的；D.bright明亮的。由下文“thatacherrypickerisusedtoreachthetopbranchesandaddthestartothetop.”可知，這棵樹長得很高，需要使用櫻桃采摘機(jī)到達(dá)頂部樹枝并將星星添加到頂部，故選A?！?7題詳析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這棵亮著燈的樹是Inkberrow最亮的地標(biāo)之一，由于沒有路燈，Inkberrow是英國最黑暗的村莊之一。A.inspiteof盡管；B.bymeansof通過；C.incaseof以防；D.onaccountof由于。下文“therebeingnostreetlights.”是上文“whichisoneofUK’sdarkestvillages”的原因，應(yīng)用onaccountof“由于”。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：艾薇兒和克里斯托弗的圣誕樹現(xiàn)在每年十二月都會吸引成千上萬的人來觀賞他們的圣誕樹。A.spot認(rèn)出；B.view看待，觀賞；C.decorate裝飾；D.water澆水。由下文“Thelightedtreeisoneofthebrightestlandmarks(標(biāo)志性建筑)inInkberrow”可知，這棵亮著燈的樹是Inkberrow最亮的地標(biāo)之一，所以每年十二月都會吸引成千上萬的人來觀賞這棵圣誕樹。故選B。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夜晚，幾英里外都可以看到這棵樹，人們紛紛前來觀看。A.tree樹；B.light燈；C.gift禮物；D.garden花園。由上文“AvrilandChristopher’sfirnowattractsthousandsofpeoplewho_______theirtreeeveryDecember.”可知，成千上萬的人來觀賞這棵圣誕樹，故選A?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：夜晚，幾英里外都可以看到這棵樹，人們紛紛前來觀看。A.struggle掙扎；B.crowd聚集，擠滿；C.march行進(jìn)；D.pa