英漢互譯課后復習資料-L1

1DefinitionofTranslation(P1)Inabroadsense:interlingualtranslation語際翻譯

theprocessoftransferringinformationfromonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.（不同種語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)換）intralingualtranslation語內(nèi)翻譯

theprocessoftransferringinformationbetweendifferentvarietieswithinalanguage（同種語言的不同變體之間的轉(zhuǎn)換）varieties指語言的不同變體：比如歷史變體（historicalvariety）、社會變體（socialvariety）、地域變體（regionalvariety）等intersemiotictranslation符際翻譯

theprocessoftransferringinformationbetweenlinguisticsymbolsandnon-linguisticsymbols（語言和非語言符號之間的轉(zhuǎn)換）Inanarrowsense：translationjustreferstointerlingualtranslation2HistoryofTranslation2.1HistoryofTranslationResearchinChina(P1-3)

intheXiaDynasty，materialandspiritualexchangesbasedontranslationbegantoemergeanddeveloptheZhou&QinDynasty，borrowedwordsstartedtoshowup,whichdemonstratedthefurtherdevelopmentofactivitiesinvolvingtranslation.theEasternHanDynasty，translationbegantoserveasanindependentcourseorprofession2.1.1TheFirstClimax(theEasternHanDynasty–theNorthernSongorEarlierSongDynasty):TranslationoftheBuddhistScriptures2.2.2TheSecondClimax(thelateMingDynasty–theOpiumWar):TranslationofBible,Science&Technology,Philosophy,Literature,etc.2.2.3TheThirdClimax(theMay4thMovement–thefoundationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina):TranslationofWesternPolitics,Economy,trendsofthought,Culture,etc.thetranslationofdemocracy,science,humanrights,patriotism,Marxism,etc2.2.4TheFourthClimax(thefoundationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina–thepresent):TranslationofOverallDevelopmentandRapidProgress2.2HistoryofTranslationResearchintheWest(P3-6)2.2.1TranslationintheAncientTimesTheFirstClimax(Inthemiddleofthe3rdCenturyBC)TheSecondClimax(the4thCentury,AD-the6thCentury,AD)2.2.2TranslationintheMedievalTimesTheThirdClimax(the11thCentury,AD-the12thCentury,AD)2.2.3TranslationintheRenaissanceTheFourthClimax(the14thCentury,AD-the16thCentury,AD)TheFifthClimax(thelate17thCentury,AD-theearly20thCentury,AD)2.2.3TranslationintheModernTimesTheSixthClimax(theSecondWorldWar–thepresent):3CriteriaofTranslation3.1CriteriaofTranslationinChina(6-7)3.1.1Controversybetween“Form”and“Content”3.1.2FocusonAccuracyaswellasEasiness3.1.3Faithfulness,fluencyandElegance3.1.4PursuitofEasinessandConsistencyinStyle3.2CriteriaofTranslationintheWest(7-9)3.2.1BriefIntroductionoftheWesternTheoriesP7:MarcusTulliusCicero(馬庫斯·圖留斯·西塞羅)(106BC–43BC),afamouspolitician,speechmaker(演說家),rhetorician(雄辯家),legist(雄辯家)andphilosopher(哲學家)duringtheperiodofancientRome,proposedthetheoryof“LiteralTranslation(直譯)VSFreeTranslation(意譯)”.P8:IrishscholarAlexanderF.Tytler(泰特勒)proposedthreeelementsinEssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation:Thetranslationshouldbeacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.(譯文應(yīng)與原文的思想完全相符)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.(譯文應(yīng)與原文的風格及體裁相同)Thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.(譯文應(yīng)與原作完全一樣通順自然)P8:EugeneNida(尤金·奈達),amajorfounderofthemoderntranslationtheoriesaswellasanexcellentrepresentativeoftranslationpractice,proposed“functionalequivalence”(功能對等)basedon“dynamicequivalence”(靈活對等).OnewayofdefiningaD-Etranslationistodescribeitas“theclosestnaturalequivalenttothesource-languagemessage.Thistypeofdefinitioncontainsthreeessentialterms1)equivalent,whichpointstowardthesource-language,2)natural,whichpointstowardthereceptorlanguage,and3)closest,whichbindsthetwoorientationstogetheronthebasisofthehighestdegreeofapproximation.”Heanimadvertedonthetraditionaltranslationcriteriafocusingontheobjectivepassage,andboldlyraisedacriterionthatemphasizesonreaders’mentalreaction----ifthetranslatedversioncanleadtothesamementalreactionamongitsreadersasthatoftheoriginalreaders’,thensuchtranslationisasuccess.3.2.2MainThemesoftheWesternTranslation(P9)ThemeOne:TranslationbasedonLiteratureandArtThemeTwo:TranslationbasedonLinguisticTheories(StructuralLinguistics結(jié)構(gòu)語言學)3.3TranslationCriteriaforEnglishTeaching(P9-10)AccuracyFluencyStyleConsistency4ApproachesofTranslation(P10)LiteralTranslationVSFreeTranslationFormVSContentFunctionalEquivalenceVSFormalCorrespondenceSourceLanguageOrientedVSTargetLanguageOrientedAuthorCenteredVSReaderCenteredThePurposeoftheWriterVSThePurposeoftheTranslatorExercise1(P30)Therearemanydifferentunderstandingsabouttranslation.Inabroadsense,translationincludes,and.referstotheprocessoftransferringinformationfromonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.referstotheprocessoftransferringinformationbetweendifferentvarietieswithinalanguage.referstotheprocessoftransferringinformationbetweenlinguisticsymbolsandnon-linguisticsymbols.Inanarrowsense,translationjustrefersto.Intermsoftranslation,thewesternsocietyhasundergonethefollowingfourstages:,,and.1.interlingualtranslation,intralingualtranslation,intersemiotictranslation2.interlingualtranslation 3.intralingualtranslation4.intersemiotictranslation 5.interlingualtranslation6.theAncientTimes,theMedievalTimes,theRenaissance,theModernTimesExercise2(P30-31)Accordingtosomehistoricalliterature,materialandspiritualexchangesbasedontranslationbegantoemergeanddevelopin.During,borrowedwordsstartedtoshowup,whichdemonstratedthefurtherdevelopmentofactivitiesinvolvingtranslation.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattranslationdidn’tserveasanindependentcourseorprofessionuntil.A)theXiaDynasty B)theShangDynasty C)theZhou&QinDynasty D)theEasternHanDynastyACDGenerallyspeaking,therearefourclimaxesintheChinesehistoryoftranslation.ThefirstclimaxreferstofromtheEasternHanDynastytotheNorthernSongDynasty.ThesecondclimaxreferstofromthelateMingDynastytotheFirstandSecondOpiumWars.ThethirdclimaxreferstofromtheMay4thMovementtothefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChina.Thefourthclimaxrefersto