2020-2021學(xué)年人教版九年級英語中考總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項-定語從句講解以及練習(xí)(含答案)

定語從句概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.Maryisabeautifulgirl.形容詞作定語Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.句子作定語,修飾girl,叫做定語從句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系詞作用代替先行詞;它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;3.同時連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Theyarestudentswhowearuniforms.關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:如果先行詞是指人,從句中缺成分，關(guān)系代詞可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,從句中缺成分，關(guān)系代詞可用which或that;如果主從句均完整，則選用關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy關(guān)系代詞副詞作用先行詞例句that，who，whom(只做賓語)主語賓語表語人Doyouknowthegirlunderatree?that，which主語賓語表語物、時間、地點、原因Shegotacomputerwhich／thatherparentsboughtforherwhose定語人、物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhardwhen狀語時間IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijingwhere狀語地點Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks．why狀語原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略)：1．that指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.2．which指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.3．who,whom指人，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他談話的那個人是我父親。(賓語)4．whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新書包的那個女孩叫Ann。(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情況：1．在介詞后只用which，不能用that。Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2．先行詞本身是that時，只能用which，不能用that。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.鐘表是用來報時的。四、只用that不用which的情況：1．先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時只能用that。ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.這是我所見過的最美麗的山。2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時只能用that。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我讀的第一本英文小說是《39級臺階》。3.先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾詞時只能用that。HereareallthebooksthatIhave.這就是我所有的書。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。4．先行詞是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代詞時，只能用that。Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5．先行詞同時含有“人”和“物”的名詞時，只能用that。IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。6．先行詞是theone時，只能用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.這就是你想要的。7．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那邊的那個女孩是誰？五、在介詞后只能用whom，不能用who。ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我剛剛與之談話的那個女孩是來自美國的。六、定語從句中主謂一致的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個等量關(guān)系)。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是眾多來自美國的男孩中的一個。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是惟一從美國來的男孩。七、定語從句中的介詞與副詞的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，如果定語從句中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞時，要加介詞或副詞。(定語從句中的不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動詞短語后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的書。八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用：1．when指時間：Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們在農(nóng)場勞動的那段時光。2．where指地點(where=in等介詞＋which)：Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.這是他去年住的房子。九、定語從句與作定語的①動詞不定式、②介詞短語、③現(xiàn)在分詞短語、④過去分詞短語的轉(zhuǎn)換：Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有許多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecarisMr.Green.在車上的人是格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過來了。練習(xí)題一、用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子。Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.【答案】who/thatwho/that/whom/不填whosewhoseWhich/thatWhich/that/不填Who/that/whom/不填WhyWherewhen

二、單項選擇（）1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?

-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

（）2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone（）3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

（）4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?

A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit

C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

（）5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

A.whichagreesB.whoagree

C.whoagreesD.whichagree（）6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

A.thatB.itC.whichwho（）

7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

A.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.

（）8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

（）

9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

（）10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.

A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive

C.whereweliveinD.welivein（）11.Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose（）12.Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom（）13.ShaolinTemple_______liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what（）14.—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?—Sheismylittlesister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which（）15.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when（）16.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whose（）17.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom（）18.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.A.whichB./C.whomD.who（）19.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom（）20.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom（）21.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what（）22.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?A.thatB.whenC.where（）23.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.A.whenB.whichC.what（）24.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who（）25.—Therearemanyvolunteers_______arehelpingthechildreni