2022-2023學(xué)年上海市華東師范大學(xué)某中學(xué)高二年級(jí)上冊(cè)10月月考英語(yǔ)試卷含詳解

2022?2023學(xué)年上海市華一附中高二上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)試

卷

I.ListeningComprehension

略

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

OnTeachers

Ancientscholarscertainlyhadteachers.Ateacherisonewhopassesonthetruth,imparls

knowledgeandsolvespuzzles.Manisnotbornwithknowledge.Whocandenythathehas

puzzles?Ifonehaddoubtsandisnotwillingtolearnfromateacher,hisdoubts]（never

resolve）.

Themenbombeforemesurelyknowthetruthbeforeme,soIrespectthemasteachers,

whereasthosebornaftermemayalsoknowthetruthbeforeme,soIlikewiserespectthemas

teachers.ItisthetruththatIendeavortolearn.MustIknowbeforehand2myteacherwas

bornearlierorlaterthanme?Therefore,nodistinctionshouldbemadebetweenthenobleandthe

humbleorbetweentheyoungandtheold.Whereliesthetruth,thereisateacher.

Alas,itisalongtime3theadmirabletoneofrespectingteachersceasedtopasson!

Howharditwouldbetoexpectamantobefreeofpuzzle!Sagesinoldentimes4

outstrippedbyfartheordinarypeopleevenhadteachersandaskedtliemquestions.Nowadaysthe

mullitudc（大眾）,5muchinferiortosages,arcashamedofbeinginstructedbyteachers.As

aconsequence,sagesbecomemoresage,andignoramuses（無(wú)知識(shí)的人）moreignorant.The

wisdomoftheformerandthestupidityofthelatter-aretheynotallcausedbythis?

Lovingparentsmayselectleacherstoinstructtheirchildren.Bitwhenitcomesto

themselves,theyfeel6adisgracetobetaughtbythem.Howwrongtheymustbe!The

teachersoftheirchildrenonlyshowthemhowtoreadabooksentencebysentence,nottobe

mentionedinthesamebreathasthosewhomIrefertoaspassingonthetruthandsolvingpuzzles.

Forlackofreadingskills,oneseeks(hehelpofteachers,whileforunsolvedpuzzles,oneacts

contrariwise.Ilisindeedlearningthelesserbutgivingupthegreater.Idonotseeitswisdom.

Physicians,musiciansandmultifariousartisansarcnotashamedoflearningfromeachother.

Butamongthegentlefolkihetalkabout(heteachersandpupilswouldinvitelaughterfroma

gatheredcompany.When7(ask)aboutthereason,theywouldsay."Theoneisequaltothe

otherinageandknowledge."Tobeinstructedbyamanoflowsocialstandingisregardedasa

disgrace,andbyamanofhighofficialrankasaflattery.Alas,itisonlyconceivablethatthenoble

(oneofrespectingteachersislostandhardlyretrievable!Physicians,musiciansandartisansarc

refusedtobetreatedasequalsbygentlefolks,yetthesegentlefolksturnouttobe8

(intelligent)than(hosephysicians,musiciansandartisans.Isitnotstrange?

Sageshavehadnoconstantteachers.ConfuciusoncelearnedfromTanZiaswellasfrom

ChangHong.ShiXiangandLaozi.(houghTanZiandhislikearcnotonaparitywithhimin

wisdom.Confuciussays:4*Outcfmytwofellow-travelersone9bequalifiedtobemy

teacher.,,Hencepupilsarcnotnecessarilyinferiortoteachers,andteachersneednotalwaysbe

superiortopupils.Somemayknowthetruthearlierorlaterthanothersandeachhashisown

professionalspeciality-(hatisall!

LiPan,agedseventeen,isfondofancientclassicalwritingsandhavestudiedallthesixarts

andtheircommentaries.Notrcsirainedby(hecurrentpractice,hehaslearnedfromme.AsIpraise

himforhis10(stick)totheoldways,Iamwritingthisessay''OnTcachcrs^^forhim.

SectionB

Directions：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeused

onlyonceNotethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.definitely；B.suffering；C.acceptance：D.discouraged；E.supposedly

F.terms：G.optimism；H.sustained：I.punishing；J.favored；K.obstacle

Happinessisnotnatural.ltisaherehumanconstruct.Astateofcontentment(letalone

happiness)is1Jbyourgeneticdesignbecauseitwouldlowerourguardagainst

possiblethreatstooursurvival.Chasinghappinessislikechasinganelusiveghost,butthepositive

試卷第2頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

thinkingindustryclaimstoknowitssecrets.Self-hclpwaspopularizedbyNormanVincentPeale,

acolorfulAmericanpastor,12byseveralRepublicanpresidents,includingRichard

NixonandDonaldTrump.Heinvented“positivethinking'",aconceptnowdeeplyembeddedin

ourcultureandsteadilygrowingininflucncc.Thcglobalpersonaldevelopmentindustrywas

valuedatS38.28billionin2019andisexpected(ogrowatarateof5.1%.

Popularfilmsandbooksarefullof13inspirationalstatementsabouthowallyou

needtodoisbelieveinyourselfandthenyou'llbeabletoachieveanythinginlife.Thisissimply,

andobviously.no(true.Idon'ithinkthereisaneedtoexplain(hatmanyobstaclesand

misfortunesinlifearcinevitable,orunsunnountablc.Ourancestorsknewthis,andmany

philosophicalandreligioustraditionsarcbasedonthe14(hatbeingaliveisavery

challengingtask,whichcomeswithsignificantamountsofsufferinghgoeswithoutsayingthat

weshoulddoallwecantomaximizeoursenseofwell-beingandminimizeoursuffering,but(he

endresultcannotbeastateof15happiness.Wearcnotdesignedthatway.

Theself-helpgenreisnotahomogeneousbeast,however.Itisjnfact,ironichowself-help

booksonhappinessandthoseonhowtomakeitbiginlifearclumpedtogetherinthesame

bookshopshelves,giventhatmanyoftheformertellus(hatcaring(oomuchaboutthelatteris(he

main16tohappiness.

Theinevitableclashbetweenmandatory17and(herealitiesofourexistencecomes

withaheavypsychologicalprice.Itcouldbearguedthatpositivepsychologyblamesthosewho

arcsufferingforihcir18.asiiisbasedon(hemisconccpiiondialunhappinessis

entirelyavoidable.ltfollowsthereforethatanunhappypersonmustbeinadequateand

incornpcicnt.Positivepsychologyencouragespeoplewhoarestrugglingwithaparticulargoalto

perseverein(hefaceofunfavorableodds,whichismuchmore[9psychologicallyin

(helongrun(hanacceptingdefeat.

1believethatcoiningto20withlifeasitis.andnot(hehappinessindustrytellsus

itcouldbe.willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewiihourselvesandwiththe

world.Unfbnunatcly.thedevilalwayshas(hebesttunes.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearcfourwordsor

phrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethat

bestfitsthecontext.

Whathappenswhentheright(oknowcomesupagainst(herightnottoknow?Thecaseof

genetictestinghasbroughtthisquestiontolight.Two21,legalcases-oneinBritain,the

otherinGermany-standtoalterthewaymedicineispractised.

BothcasesinvolveHuntington'sdisease(HD),whose22includelossof

co-ordination(協(xié)調(diào))，moodchangesandcognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline.Itdevelopsbetweentheages

of30and50.andiseventuallyfatal.Everychildofan23parenthasa50%chanceof

inheritingit.

In(heBritishcase,24fbrtrialattheHighCourtinLondoninNovember,awoman

knownasABC-(oprotect(he25ofherdaughter,whoisam：nor-ischargingaLondon

hospital,St.George'sHealthcareNHSTrust,fbrnot26herfather'sdiagnosisofHDwith

her.ABCwaspregnaneatthetimeofhisdiagnosis,in2009.Shearguesthathadshebeenaware

ofit,shewouldhavestoppedthepregnancy.Asitwas,shefoundoutonlyaftergivingbirthtoher

daughter.Shelatertested27forHD.

TheGermancaseisinsomewaysthemirrorimageof(heBritishone.UnlikeinBritain,in

Germanytherightnottoknowgeneticinformationisprotectedinlaw.28,in2011a

doctorinfonnedawomanthatherdivorcedhusband-thedoctor'spatient-hadtestedpositivefor

HD.Thismean(iheiriwochildrenwere29(hedisease.Sheaccused(hedoctor,whohad

actedwithhispatient'spermission.Bothchildrenbeingminorsatthetime,theycouldnotlegally

betestedfbrthedisease,which,asthewoman'slawyerspointedout,iscurrently30.

Theyarguedthatshewasthereforehelpless(oac(ontheinformation,and31suffereda

reactivedepressionthatpreventedherfromworking.

Botheasestestalegalgreyarea.If(herighttoknowis32recognizedinBritain

laterthisyear,thatmayremovesomeuncertainties,butitwillalsocreatenewones.Towhat

lengthsshoulddoctorsgototrackdownandinformfamilymembers.33?

Itis(helaw'sjobto34theserightsforthemodemage.Whenthelawfallsbehind

technology,somebodyoftenpays(heprice,andcurrentlythatsomebodyis35,Asthese

twoeasesdemonstrate,theyfindthemselvesinadifficultsituation-chargedif(heydo,accusedif

試卷第4頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

theydon't.

21.A.remarkableB.distinctC.contrastingD.dominant

22.A.consequencesB.symptomsC.indicationsD.diagnoses

23.A.influencedB.affectedC.inheritedD.annoyed

24.A.scheduledB.determinedC.approvedD.implemented

25.A.possessionB.statusC.healthD.identity

26.A.revealingB.sharingC.remindingD.concealing

27.A.convincedB.suspiciousC.infectedD.positive

28.A.NeverthelessB.ThusC.AdditionallyD.Fundamentally

29.A.inadvanceofB.inthecoui'seofC.atthecloseofD.attheriskof

30.A.inevitableB.inextinguishableC.incurableD.intolerable

31.A.asaresultB.afterallC.aboveallD.inreturn

32.A.financiallyB.academicallyC.legallyD.culturally

33.A.onoccasionB.bycomparisonC.ineffectD.forexample

34.A.reserveB.balanceC.defendD.draft

35.A.lawmakersB.vic:imsC.patientsD.doctors

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral

questionsoruntinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformation

giveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Theysayacathasninelives,andIthinkthatpossiblesinceIamnowlivingmythird

lifeandI'mnotevenacat.MyfatherdiedwhenIwas15,andwehadahardstruggletomakea

living.Andmymother,whowasseriouslyillinherlastyears,diedwhilestillinher60s.Mysister

marriedsoonafter,andIfollowedherexamplewithintheyear.

ThiswaswhenIbegan(oenjoymyfirstlife.Iwasveryhappy,inexcellenthealth.Ihada

goodjobinSanJoseandabcauiifulhomeupthepeninsulainSanCarlos.Lifewasapleasant

dream.Thenthedreamended.Ibecameafflicted(使苫惱)withaslowlyprogressivediseaseofthe

motornerves,affectingfirstmyrightarmandleg.andthenmyotherside.Thusbeganmysecond

life...

InspileofmydiseaseIstilldrovetoandfromworkeachday,withtheaidofspecial

equipmentinstalledinmycar.AndImanagedtokeepmyhealthandoptimism,（oadegree,

becauseof14steps.Crazy?Notatall.Ourhomewasanaffairwilh14stepsleadingupfrom（he

garagetothekitchendoor.Thosestepswereastandardmeasureoflife.Theyweremyyardstick,

mychallengetocontinueliving.IfeltthatifthedayarrivedwhenIwasunabletoliftonefootup

onestepandthendragtheotherpainfullyafterit-repeatingtheprocess14limes,Iwouldbe

through-Icouldthenadmitdefeatandliedownanddie.

ThenonadarknightinAugust,1971,1beganmythirdlife.1（wasrainingwhenIstarted

homethatnight;strongwindsandslashingrainbeatdownonthecarasIdroveslowlydownone

oftheless-traveledroads.Suddenlythesteeringwheeljerked（猝然一動(dòng)）.InthesameinstantI

heardthebangofablowout.Ilwasimpossibleformetochangethailire!Utterlyimpossible!

Istartedtheengineandthumped（砰然地響）slowlyalonguntilIcametothedirtroad,where

IturnedinandwhereIfoundlightedwindowswelcomedmetoahouseandpulledintothe

drivewayandblaredthehorn.

Thedooropenedandaliidegirlstoodthere.Whensheknewwhathappenedtome,shewent

intothehouseandamomentlatercameout,followedbyamanwhocalledacheerfulgreeting.I

satthereconiforlableanddry,andfellabitsorryforthemanandthelittlegirlworkingsohardin

（hestorm.

Aboutanhourlater,theman'svoicewasheard,"Thisisabadnightforcartrouble,but

you'reallsetnow.”“Thanks,“Isaid.41HowmuchdoIoweyou?”Heshookhishead,“Nothing.

Cynthiatoldmeyouwereacripple（跛者）.Gladtobeofhelp.Iknowyou'ddothesamefbrme.

There'snocharge,friend.Iheldoutafive-dollarbill,44No!Iliketopaymyway."Hemadeno

eftbrttotakeitand（helittlegirlsteppedclosertothewindowandsaidquietly,tlGrandpacan'tsee

it.”

36.“Acathasninelives''heremeans.

A.acatcanliveninetimeslongerthananyotheranimal

B.acatcandieninth

C.aluckymancannotdieeasily

試卷第6頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

D.thewriterwillliveninetimes

37.Whatdoyouthinkofthemanwhohelpedchangethetire?

A.Warm-heartedbutpitiable

B.Warm-heartedandhappy

C.Ablindoldmanthathasnothingtodoeveryday

D.Apooroldmanthatisalwaysreadytohelpothers

38.Howwillthestoryheended?

A.Thewriterpaidthelittlegirlbuttheoldmandidnotaccept.

B.Thewriterdroveawaywithtearsrunningdownhischeek.

C.Thewriterstayedthere,withoutknowingwhattodoandhowtodo.

D.Inthenextfewfrozensecondsthewriterfelttheshameandastonishmenthehadneverfelt

before.

39.Thebesttitleforthispassageperhapswillbe.

A.TheOldManandHisDaughterB.HeartLeapingUp

C.NeverLoseHeartD.GoodWillBeRewardedGood

(B)

Theseanimaldadshavesomeseriouslystrangeideasaboutfatherhood.

Barbarymacaque

Unlikehumandadsboastingofiheirkids'winningcontestsorcollegeacceptances,barbary

macaques,monkeysthatarcnative(oNorthAfrica,showoffbabiesasawaytoimpresseach

otherandbuildsocialnetworks.Thesemonkeysliveintroopsofabout30members,andlife

centersaroundthebabiesborneachspring.

Duringbabyseason,malescarrytheinfants,evenpickinguplittleonesthataren'ttheirown

offspring(后代).However,therearestatussymbols,usedtobuildmalesocialnetworksand

connectionswithin(hegroup.Theinfantscanserveasasocialpassport,toapproachothermales

andhangoutwiththem.Afterall,it'smuchsimplertobreaktheiccifyouhaveacutebabyin

hand.

Sandgrouse

Lotsofdadsbringhomethebacon.ButforyoungsandgrouseslivinginNamibia'sdry

deserts,wateristheessentialresource.Sandgrousefathersarcihcfrequentflyersthattravel

almost125mileseachdaytofil：upforthefamilyatawateringhole.

Withnootherwaytotransportwater,malesandgrousessettlein（hepool,rockingbackand

forthtobathetheirbellyfeathers.Fillingupcantake15minutes,leavingthemexposed（okillers

like%/。。心（獵鷹）.Butitallpaysoff.Thedadsreturnhomeafteralongdayandareableto

provideiheirbabieswithfewprecioustablespoonsofliquid.

Pipefish

Pregnantpipefishmales-yes.males-givebirthtoliveyoungfromeggsthatfemalesdepositin

theirbroodpouches（育兒袋）.Thismotheringacthasearnedthempraiseasdevotedanimaldads.

Butitturnsoutthatthepregnantpipefishalsohasawanderingeye.Ifheseesabiggerfemale

heoftenaborts（流產(chǎn)）existingeggs.Ifhestopsexportingnutrientstothedevelopingembryos（胚

胎）whilereabsorbingnutrientsfromabortions,heassuresenoughresourcestoinvestinthemore

rewardingoffspring.

Bluepoisondartfrog

Femalesofthisspecieslayonlyabouthalfadozenpreciouseggs.Thalismaybewhydads

aresodevotedtothem.Frogeggsmuststaywateryormoist,andthesedevoteddadsaccomplish

thatbyregularlyurinatingonthemover（hecourseof10days,until（hey〃（孵化）astadpoles.

40.Barbarymacaquescarrytheirkidsaroundinorderto.

A.showhowproudtheyareaboutbeingafather.

B.showtheirfamilysirengihwithinmonkeygroups.

C.centeraroundtheirkidsasatradition.

D.buildupbetterrelationswithothermonkeys.

41.Theresourceofwaterorliquidispreciousto.

A.barbarymacaqueandsandgrouse.

B.sandgrouseandpipefish.

C.pipefishandbluepoisondartfrog.

D.sandgrouseandbluepoisondartfrog.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Sandgrousecarriesthewaterbydrinkingitfirstandthenspittingitout.

B.Pipefishgivesupsomeeggsinordertomakehimselfstronger.

試卷第8頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

C.Malebluepoisondartfrogprotectstheeggsbykeepingthemwet.

D.Sandgrousehastocompeteforwaterwiththefalcon.

(C)

Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afew

peoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoan

unusualvirtualreality(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí))device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneofthe

participantsinabodyswappingexperimenta((heBeAnotherlab.aprojectdevelopedbyagroup

ofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledThe

MachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown.Isawmywholebody

asaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."

Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraon(hetop.

Thevideofromeachcameraissent(otheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyour

partner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.

Togetused(oseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit.participantsstart

byraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskind

ofslowsynchronised(同步的：movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystartto

feelasthough(heyarclivinginanotherperson'sbody.

Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviouraftcrwards-potcntiailyforthebetter.

Studieshaveshownthatvinualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-ihebias(偏見(jiàn))ihai

humanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityof

BarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthe

strengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,

bad.athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigital

characterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthelestagain.Tliislime,theparticipants'bias

scoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikely

tothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalised(hefeelingofbeingthatperson.

ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."At(heendofbody

swapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms."saysArthurPointcau,aprogrammer

withtheproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,really

recommendittoeveryone.”

43.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting

44.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.

A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperience

B.wecanleanitotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodies

C.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperiment

D.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes

45.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontrola

darkskinneddigitalcharacter,.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

46.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreams

B.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperiments

C.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeople

D.ourpointsofviewaboutoilersneedchangingconstantly

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentence

giveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce,^otethattherearetwo

moresentencesthanyouneed.

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegivenbehind.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Note(hattherearc(womoresentencesthanyouneed.

Livingoffgrid

Whenyouneedelectricity,youjustpluginthemachineandswitchiton.Ifyouneedwater,

youturnonthetap.47Formanypeople,thesefacilitiesarethebasicsofcivilized

societyand(heideaoflivingwithoutthemseemsrisky.Yetforagrowingnumberofpeople,the

試卷第10頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

ideaoflivingoffgrid—withoutelectricity,waterorsewage—isanincreasinglyattractive

lifestyle.

Off-griddcrsdonothavetogiveupelectricityoramodernlifestyle—somechooseto.but

mostusesmallhydroelectricpowersystems,solarpanelsorwindmillstogenerateenoughpower

fortheirneeds.Heatingandcookingneedsarcmetbysolarenergyorwoodburningsystems,and

toiletfacilitiesrangefromnon-watertoiletstooutsidecomposttoilets.48Itrangesfrom

traditionalyurts(atypeoftent)ioluxuryhousewithhigh-speedinternetandcentralheating.

Whethertheyliveinsimplehomesorluxuryhouses,what(heyallhaveincommonisthattheir

lifestylesdonotcreateanypollitionorcarbonemissions—theultimategoalforoff-griddcrs.

Around100.000peoplearcthoughttobelivingoffgridintheUKnow.49They

grow(heirownfood,home-schooltheirchildrenandprovidetheircwnmedicalcare.Theyarc

peoplewhohavebeenpricedoutofthehousingmarketorwhohavegrowndisillusionedwith

whatmodernsocietycanofferandwhodecidesthatanalternativelifestyleisn'tapipedream,but

aviableoption.

Apartfromlivinganaltcniativclifestyle,costisabigfactorinchoosingtoliveoff-grid.

Off-gridhousesarcfarcheapertobuildthanordinaryhomessincetheydon'tneedtobe

connectedtotheelectricityorwatersuppliesandevenroadaccessisnotnecessary.Materialstend

(obecheaper,too.Popularoptionsincludestraworoldtyresandcement.

Surprisingly,thebiggestproblemoff-griddersfaceisnotbuildingtheirhomesorbecoming

sclf-sufficicnibingeningpermissioniobuild.Ruralareasawayfromtownarctheperfectchoice

butthesearcoftenprotectedbylawfromconstructionofanykindorhavebuildingrestrictions.

Therearcnowseveralwebsitesdedicated(oland-sharingsothatthecostsofbuyinglandand

gettingpermissioncanbeshared,and(herearcincreasingnumbersofoff-gridcotnmunicics.

50Off-griddingcouldsoonbecommonalloverEuropeandAmerica.

A.Manyareself-sufficient,notjustprovidingtheirownelectricity,waterandsewagesystems,but

inallaspects.

B.Afteryouusethetoilet,youflushitandthewastedisappears.

C.Thisshiftfromindividualtcgroupoff-griddingreflectsthefactthatthetrendisgrowing

noticeably.

D.Theyliveinahugevarietyoftypesofaccommodation.

E.Livingoff-gridstillhasalongwaytogobeforeitbecomesamainstreamwayofliving.

F.Ratherthanbuildingpermarenthomes,vansormobilehomesorevenoldshippingcontainers

arcotheroptions.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ShouldOurSocietiesGoCashless?

Theriseofcontactlesspaymentanddigitalwalletsismakingcashuselessinalotofcities.In

fact,thosewhoarcstillusedtopayingwith“real”cashwouldfeellikealiensinSweden.While

theNordiccountryisstillsingledoutasararityfortaking(hecashlessroute,itwon'tbelong

beforemorecountriesjoinitbyventuringdown(hesamepath.

Oneofthebiggestbenefitsofgettingridofcashistheeliminationofitsanonymity(匿名

Cashplaysamajorroleinthecrimeworld,whichmakesgoingcashlessamoretransparent(透明

的)alternative.Sincealldigitaltransactionsleavearecordbehind,anyonewithaninterestin

learningaboutthecashflowofabusinessorindividualcouldeasilytracewhere(hemoneycame

from.

Thereisanotherbenefittocashlesssocieties:therenolongerneedstobeanintermediaryto

payextrafees.Today,banksandfinancialinstitutionsarcnecessaryforsupportingthewhole

wealthsysicm.Forthoseservices,inicrmcdiaricschargepredefinedfeesihaiarcalwayspaidby

thecustomers.

However,weshouldnotrushintothings.Acompletelydigitalsystemwouldleavealotof

peopleontheoutsidelookinginnotjustthehomeless,butalsotheelderlywhowouldnotknow

howtodealwithcashlesssystems.

Goingcashlessalsohas(heissueoftrace-ability.Inatimewheretherearemajorconcerns

surroundingsecurityandprivacy,wehaveagoodreasontoworryabouthowthegovernmentis

goingtobeabletoprotectourmoney.Whai'smore,(heusersthemselveswillhavetoavoidfalling

victimtoidentity(heftandonlinefraud.

Thesearcchallenges(hatwon'tbeeasytosolve.Itfeelslikeourbestbetisleavingspacefbr

(heshiftiohappennaturally.Itistheonlywaytoensurenooneisleftoutaswefig