2022-2023學(xué)年湖北省荊州市沙市中學(xué)高三（上）月考英語試卷（10月）（附答案詳解）

2022?2023學(xué)年湖北省荊州市沙市中學(xué)高三（上）月考英語試卷

（10月）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

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1.Whichappssendreminderstousers?

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2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCircleofSixapp?

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A.categorizeappsR.introduceapps

C.evaluateappsD.compareapps

B

In1939,seven-year-oldMariamSchreibershouldhavestartedfirstgrade.Instead,shespentthat

year—andthefollowingfive—tryingtosurvive.ShewaslivinginPolandwhenWorldWarIIbrokeout.

"Myentirelifewasruinedwithinminutes,"shesays."Iwaslookingforwardtostartingschool."Shenever

madeit.Andnothavingadegreehasalwaysbeenathorninherside.

Decadeslater,though,thenow-89-year-oldHolocaustsunivorfinallygotsomethingshehadalways

longedfor.KapiloffBrandcr.directorofcommunityprogramsatJewishFamilyServices,reachedoutto

theNewEnglandJewishAcademy,aJewishhighschool,toaskwhethertheschoolcouldhelpMariani

fulfillherwish.RichardNabel,theprincipaloftheschool,broughtafewseniorstudentstoMariam'shome

tohearherstorybeforetheycameupwiththeideaofpresentingheranhonorarydiplomaat(heschool's

2020graduationceremony.

MariamsufferedalotinaslavelaborcampinSiberiabeforeshegotliberatedin1946.Sheandher

remainingfamilymemberswenttoarefugeecampinGermany,whereshegotmarriedandhadherfirst

childattheageof16.Havingspentyearsinrefugeecampsindifferentcountries,shefinallyimmigratedto

AmericainI960.Gettingaformaleducationwasneveranoptionforherbutshelearnedsevenlanguages

overtheyears."Ieducatedmyself,"shesays."Ireadbooksdayandnight.Istilldo."

OnAugust16,duringasociallydistancedceremonyintheschoolgym,Mariamwaspresentedwitha

highschooldiplomafromtheNewEnglandJewishAcademy."Thereweren'ttoomanydryeyesamong

the30ofusthere,"saysNabeLMariam'sfamilywasespeciallymoved."I'mnotsuresheevenrealizesthe

importanceofthatmomenttome,"saysBernie,hereldestson."Iamsoproudofher."

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMariamfromparagraph1?

A.Sheregrettednotbeingeducatedatschool.

B.Shestartedfirstgradeattheageofseven.

C.ShefeltluckytohavesurvivedWorldWarII.

D.ShespentfiveyearsinPolandduringthewar.

5.HowdidMariamgetherlong-cherishedwishfulfilled?

A.Shemadeitthroughherownefforts.

R.SheturnedtoKapiloffBrandcrforhelp.

C.Theseniorstudentsthemselvespresentedadiplomatoher.

D.RichardNabellearnedaboutherstoryanddecided（ohelp.

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMariam?

A.Educated.B.Intelligent.C.Determined.D.Patient.

7.WhatdidNabelmeanbysaying"Thereweren'ttoomanydryeyes"?

A.Mariam'sstorywasordinarybutinspiring.

B.Mostofthosepresentweredeeplytouched.

C.HewasimpressedbyMariamandwasproudofher.

D.HefellhonoredtopresentMariamwithadiploma.

c

Anewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshow（hemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecor.tributed

tothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledby（heAmericanMuseumofNatural

History,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.The

findingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareas

nexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.

ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor（藏匿）morediversitythananyother

ecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome（生物群落）containingabout18percentof

alltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwater(hanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.

ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseand

accumulated.

"EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesand

birdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,"saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMusher.

"Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarchighlydynamic,moving

aroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortens

ofthousandsofyears."

Toinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationof

birdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因組)ofsixspeciesofAmazonian

birds.

Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhave

varyingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneach

sidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavea

longer(imetodivergefromoneanother.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spur"inParagraph1mean?

A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.

9.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?

A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.

B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversitywasformed.

C.WhethertheAmazonhas(herichestbiodiversity.

D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.

10.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords?

A.TherearcsixspeciescfAinciiuanbiids.

B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.

C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.

D.Rivermovementmayleadto(heAmazon'sbiodiversity.

11.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?

A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.

C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.

D

Manylivestockfarmers（4攵t勿主）inthewesternworldarebecomingworriedbyalonger-termthreatto

theirincomefromthegrowingpopularityofvegetarian（素食的）diets.Herecomesthequestionwhether

toeatmeatornot.Beforeairingourview,weshouldconsiderseriouslythethreereasonsthatvegetarians

giveforrefusinganimalproducts.

Theeasiestpointtoargueagainstisthateatingmeatisunhealthy.Nothingishealthier（hanavaried

diet,includingfiber,vegetable,fruitandmeat.Althoughstudiesshowthateatingredandprocessedmeat

mayraisetheriskofsoniccancers,itisimportantnottooverstatetheeffect.Thisweek,forexample.

CancerResearchUKreportedthateatinganextrapieceofbaconeverydayraised（heriskofbowelcancer

by20percent.Butthatmeansjusteightextra（largelycurable）casesinevery10.000peopleoversixyears.

Ourtreatmentoffarmanimalsisanissuethatvegetariansfindmoretroubling.Acommonviewisthat

raisinganimalsinasmallareacauseunacceptablesuffering.Inthisregard,agriculturalauthoritiesshould

takeuptheresponsibilitytoenforcewelfarestandardsthatgiveeachanimalenoughspacetostandand

movearoundcomfortably.Also,consumershaveanimportantroletoplayinimprovingconditionsfor

farmanimals.Forexample,thedislikeof"batteryhens"ledtoanEUbanin2012onkeepingchickensin

barrencages.

Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.TheUNFoodand

AgricultureOrganizationestimatesthatfarmedanimalsaccountfor14.5%ofgreenhousegasemission.

Althoughchangesingrazing（放牧）practicescouldsubstantiallyreducetheenvironmenialimpactof

livestockfarming,itwillalwaysusemoreresourcesthanproducingthesamenumberofcaloricsfrom

plantcrops.Meatproductionshouldincusontheworld'straditionalgrasslands,withouttakingupnew

land.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOT（hereasonagainstanimalproductsgivenbyvegetarians?

A.Itharmshumanhealth.

B.Itcausesanimalsuffering.

C.Itdamagestheenvironment.

D.Itthreatenstheincomeoffarmers.

13.WhydoestheauthormentionthereportfromCancerResearchUKinparagraph2?

A.Toprove(hateatingtoomuchmeatisunhealthy.

B.Topersuadepeopleoutofeatingtoomuchmeat.

C.Toshowthateatingmeatisnotasunhealthyasvegetariansthink.

D.Topresentthefactthateatingtoomuchbaconmaycausecancer.

14.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsraisinganimalsinasmallarea?

A.Favorable.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Unclear.

15.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thechangesinfeedingpractices.

B.Thechallengesthatlivestockfarmingfaces.

C.Thenegativeeffectsoflivestockfarmingontheenvironment.

D.Themeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarming.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

Examsareanimportanttypeofassessmentalmostallstudentswillneedtoundertake.Thebestwayto

studyisnottorecitei(allinhoursorminutesbeforeanexam.Examstressaffectsmoststudentsinvarious

ways.⑴

Howdoyoufacesuchanimportantday?Ifyouhavenotbeenabletostudythecompletecontentstill

now,don'tlongtofinishitall.(2)Inyourbag,collectallyoursuppliessuchaspencils,severalpensand

otherimportantwritingmaterials.Putthebagandeverythingelsethatyoumightneedinoneplace.This

willhelptoreduceyourworriesinthemorning.

Whenyouarriveat(hehali,surroundyourselfwithfriendswhoaresupportiveorjustgothroughyour

notesquietly.Alwaysmakeitapointtostudythesubjectswhichyoufindeasiertolearn

first.⑶Therefore,donotgoroundaskingcrazilyfbrtheanswer.Thiswilljustupsetyouandsendyou

intopanicmode.

(4)Beforetheexaminationstarts,makesureyourquestionpaperiscomplete.Readtheinstructions

carefully.Settletheeasyquestionsfirst.Divideyourtimecarefullyforeachquestionandmoveontothe

nextquestionevenifyouhavenotfinishedthefirst.

Finally,aftereachpaper,gohomeandrest.Donotworryaboutwhatyoucouldhavedoneorhaven't

done.Trynottodiscusstheanswerswithyourfriends.⑸

A.1'rytorelaxandremembertotilltheanswer.

B.Whenyouareintheexaminationroom,followthesesteps.

C.You'llbeaffectedifyoudonotknowtheanswertoanytopic.

D.Firstly,prepareatestkitforthedurationofyourexamination.

E.Youshouldnotallowanythingtoupsettherestoftheexamination.

F.Manystudentsarcnervouswhentheyarcfacingtheirfirstexamination.

G.Itisimportanttomanagethisstressandfindwaysofhelpingtoreduceit.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共"小題，共22.5分)

Whenfacedwithapandemic,peoplemaybecomemoreforgiving.Forme,thishasbecomeatime

to(21)myestranged(疏遠(yuǎn)的)father.

WhentheCOVID-19lockdownstarted,mythoughtsturned(omyfatherI(22)know.He'd

separatedfrommymotherwhenIwasababy,andnever(23)muchevenaftermymotherdied.Battling

adrugaddiction,he'dendedupinjail.Iadmitthatmy(24)was"reallyugly"whenhetriedtocontact

meinniyyoungadullhoud.

Thirteenyearson,thearrivalofthepandemicmademe(25)ourrelationshipagain.Ididn'twant

anotheroneofmyfamiliesnot:obehere.Nowhe,whohaslong(26)thehabitoftakingdrugs,worksas

apizzadeliverymaninFlorida.Knowingthathehastoleavehishouseand(27)fbrajobduringthe

pandemic,IrealizedthatIhadtomakethings(28)withoutanydelay.Afewdaysago,Icalledhim

to(29)formynoacceptinghim.Meanwhile,Iwasscaredhewould(30)me.However,whenwegot

onbacelimetogether,hissmilewasjustso(31).Weweremirrorsofeachothersmilingatoneanother.

Anditwasagood(32).

Itookourpreviousfathe-daughterrelationforgranted.However,iheCOVID-19crisishasledmeto

reconsiderwhat'sthemost(33)inmylife—thesecurityandaffectionofthefamily-andmademy

effortsto(34)andreconnectwitheachother.

Whenpeoplecutoffcontactwithafamilymember,itmaynotbegoingtobepermanent.

Unexpectedly,thevirus(35)thattimciinc.

21.A.stayawayfromB.getusedtoC.makeupwithD.keeppace

with

22.A.barelyB.mostlyC.merelyD.definilely

23.A.presentedB.regrettedC.appearedD.achieved

24.A.commentB.adventureC.requirementD.response

25.A.disconnectR.evaluateC.decreaseD.discover

26.A.kickedB.formedC.keptD.developed

27.A.identityB.hobbyC.privacyD.safety

28.A.stableB.rightC.creativeD.simple

29.A.replyB.apologizeC.stressD.appeal

30.A.praiseB.approveC.rejectD.arrange

31.A.mysteriousB.uniqueC.funnyD.bright

32.A.conclusionB.treatmentC.encounterD.conversation

33.A.toughB.significantC.seriousD.positive

34.A.admireB.ignoreC.forgiveD.appreciate

35.A.shortenedB.extendedC.drewD.measured

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Chinahastheworld'slargestnumberofworldnaturalheritagesites,accordingtotheNational

ForestryandGrasslandAdministration.Thecountryisnowhome⑴14worldnaturalheritage

sitesandfourmixedsites,(2)arenotedfbrbothculturalandnaturalfeatures,bothleadingthe

worldintermsofquantity,theadministrationsaid.

Theseheritagesites(3)(effective)protectedChina'srepresentativegeologicalrelics,

mountains,forestsandlakes,alongwiththerareand(4)(endanger)animalandplantspecies,the

administrationsaidFridayat⑸newsconferenceregardingculturalandnaturalheritageday,

which⑹(fall)onJune8.

Inthepastfewyears,thecountry⑺(enhance)legal,andtechnologicalsupportofthe

protectionofitsworldnaturalheritage,establishingamanagementsystemwithChinese

characteristics.China'sworldheritagehascontributedtothecountry'ssocioeconomic

development⑻presenteditsimagetotheworld.Theseareashavealsoplayedanimponantrole

intheprotectionofculturalrelics,intangibleculturalheritageandhistoriccities,townsand

villages,⑼(bring)inover14billionyuaninaverageannualtourismincomefor(10)(local).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、任務(wù)型讀寫(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

37.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Thelittlecarwascrowdedwithkids:mybrothersandsisters.Wefought,debatedandcried,

makingmuchnoise.Beingpailofabigfamilywasreallystartingtoannoyme.Forexample,my

biulhcisandsistersknockedonthebaliiiuuindourall11iclinic.HowIwauledLubelliconlyuiiildin

myfamily.

Asthecarrolleddownthesmallroad,mymomsaidcheerfully,"Thepoolisthreeminutesaway.

You'llhavemuchtime(oswim."Swimmingwasapeacefulactivity.Icouldfloatonmybackand

lookalthesky.IcouldpretendIwastheonlypersonin(heworld.Momparked(hecarbesideasmall

rowofothercars."Oneatatime,"sheyelledbeforethecardoorsopened.Nobodylistened.Thecar

doorsallflewopenatonce.Afterpushing,yellingandcrying,wecameout.

Iquicklypulledoffmyjeans,T-shirt,socksandshoes,andfinallyputonmyswimsuit."Yeah!"I

yelledasIjumpedintothebignaturalpoolwithsmallstonesonitsfloor.Coldwaterstruckmyface.

Iputmyheadunderthewater,whichshotupmynose.Afterstandingupagain,Idroppedbackward

intothewaterandbegantofloat.Thewatersataroundmycars,smoothandsilent.Thesunwarmed

myface.

1waslikealeaffloatinginalargepoolpeacefully.Everythingwassilentunderwater.Forthe

moment,Ifelt1wastheonlychildthere.Ididn'thavetosharethingslikesnackswithotherkids.My

stomachmadeanoiseat（hethoughtoffood.Hadn'tMompackedahugebagofchipsforoursnack?

Istooduptowalktoshore.

Oh!Darksandywatersuddenlyfilledmymouthandcoveredmyhead.Therockygroundwas

gone;Iwaspushedintothedeep,darkwater.Itriedtokicktothesurface.Asmyfacepeekedoul（微

露出）fromunderthewater,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtoswimandleavethedeepwater.Butit

didn'twork.Ionlyknewhowtofloat.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Thewaterclosedovermyheadagain.

Paragraph2:

Icouldfeelmybodymovingupwardasafamiliarhandstartedtopullmethroughthewater.

、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

38.假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Peter對中國書法很感興趣，并想學(xué)習(xí)它，發(fā)來郵件希望你

給他一些指導(dǎo)。請回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你的建議；

2.你的祝愿。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：書法calligmphy

DearPeter,

Yours,

LiHua

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】A、A、B

【解析】L【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了幾款對于學(xué)生來講最好用的應(yīng)用軟件。

根據(jù)第四段中的Aswellassavingonpaper,manystudentplannerappsalsosendremindersand

warningsstraighttoyourphoneordevice.（除了節(jié)省紙張，許多學(xué)生計劃應(yīng)用程序還會直接向你的

手機(jī)或設(shè)備發(fā)送提醒和警告。）可知，很多學(xué)生計劃軟件也可以直接向你的手機(jī)或設(shè)備發(fā)送提醒

和警告，A項Studentplannerapps切題。故選A。

2.根據(jù)第五段中的TheCircleofSixappisparticularlyusefulforlocatinglostfriendsonnightsoutand

alsoallowsuserstosendtheircircleofsixfriendsaninstantcallforhelpatthetouchofabutton.（The

CircleofSix應(yīng)用軟件對于定々在夜間迷路的朋友很有用，并且允許使用者按一個按鈕就可以給使

用TheCircleofSix的朋友發(fā)即時求救）可知，A項（它允許用戶在緊急情況卜尋求幫助。）切合

題意。故選A。

3.文章的第一段是主題段。作者在這一段中首先從整體上介紹了學(xué)生使用手機(jī)應(yīng)用軟件的益處，

然后在下面的兒段中具體介紹了每個應(yīng)用軟件的特點，因此B項符合題意。故選B。

4?7.【答案】A、D、C、B

【解析】1.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了89歲的二戰(zhàn)大屠殺幸存者M(jìn)iriam的

求學(xué)故事。戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)使得她失去了上學(xué)的機(jī)會，戰(zhàn)爭時期的苦難沒有打倒她，她一直堅持自學(xué)，

讀書，她的故事感動了新英格蘭猶太學(xué)院，授予了她榮譽(yù)文憑，幫她完成了夙愿。

根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容"Iwaslookingforwardtostartingschool,"Shenevermadeit.Andnothavinga

degreehasalwaysbeenathorninherside.（“我很期待開學(xué)。“她沒能成功。沒有學(xué)位一直是她心

中的刺。）可知，她一直期待去上學(xué)，但是卻因為戰(zhàn)爭沒能上學(xué)，這是令她感到遺憾的。故選A。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段中的RichardNabel,theprincipaloftheschool,broughtafewseniorstudentsto

Mariam'shometohearherstorybeforetheycameupwiththeideaofpresentingheranhonorarydiploma

at（heschool's2020graduationceremony.（該校校長RichardNabel帶了幾名高年級學(xué)生去Miriam家

聽她的故事，然后他們想出了在學(xué)校2020年畢業(yè)典禮上授予她榮譽(yù)文憑的主意。）可知，校長了

解了Miriam的故事后，決定給與她榮譽(yù)文憑，完成她的夢想。故選D。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段中的Gettingaformaleducationwasneveranoptionforherbutshelearnedseven

languagesovertheyears."Icdjcatcdmyself,"shesays."1readbooksdayandnight.Istilldo.":接受正

規(guī)教育從來都不是她的選擇，但多年來她學(xué)會了7種語言?！拔易詫W(xué)了，”她說。“我日夜讀書。

我現(xiàn)在仍然這樣?！保┛芍?，雖然不能接受正規(guī)教育，但Miriam仍然堅持學(xué)習(xí)，讀書，由此可推

知，她是一個有決心的人。故選C。

4.根據(jù)前文OnAugust16,duringasociallydistancedceremonyintheschoolgym,Mariamwas

presentedwithahighschooldiplomafromtheNewEnglandJewishAcademy.（8月16日，在學(xué)校體

育館舉行的一個社交疏遠(yuǎn)的儀式上,Miriam被授予了新英格蘭猶太學(xué)院的高中文憑。）可知，“eyes

應(yīng)是指代參加了這個儀式的人，結(jié)合主人公Miriam的故事以及后文Mariam,sfamilywasespecially

moved（Miriam的家人特別感動。）可知，她能夠得到文憑是令人感動的，因此可推知，句子“There

weren'ttoomanydryeyesn應(yīng)是表達(dá)“很多人都很感動”含義。故選B。

8?II.【答案】A、B、D、C

【解析】I.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了亞馬遜河流流動對該地區(qū)生物多樣性的

貢獻(xiàn)。

根據(jù)戈（I線處上文AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowihcmovementsofriversintheAmazon

havecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.（一項針對鳥類的新研究調(diào)查了亞馬遜

河的流動是如何促成該地區(qū)豐凡的生物多樣性的。）和劃線單詞所在句子Theresearch（earn,ledby

theAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,

theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.（由美國自然歷史博物館領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時間的推

移，小型河流系統(tǒng)會發(fā)生變化，從而刺激新物種的進(jìn)化。）可知，亞馬遜河的流動促成該地區(qū)非

凡的生物多樣性，這說明小型河流系統(tǒng)會發(fā)生變化，從而刺激新物種的進(jìn)化，由此可知，spur可

以解釋為“導(dǎo)致、引起”,再往深一點是“刺激了”物種的進(jìn)化。'Stimulate刺激;B.Renew翻

新、更新；A.Pursue追求；D.Interrupt打斷。故選A。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后句ReseaichershavelongwundeiedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'slich

biodiversityaroseandaccumulated.（長期以來，研究人員一直想知道并激烈爭論亞馬遜豐富的生物

多樣性是如何產(chǎn)生和積累的。）可知，調(diào)查者們正在爭論的是亞馬遜河流豐富的生物多樣性是如

何形成并累積的，故選B。

3.根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容（該研究的主要作者LukasMushcr說：MAlfredRusselWallace等早期進(jìn)化生物

學(xué)家注意到，亞馬遜河兩岸的許多靈長類動物和鳥類物種不同?！薄按送猓絹碓蕉嗟牡刭|(zhì)證據(jù)

表明，這些河流是高度動態(tài)的，在相對較短的時間內(nèi)，在數(shù)千年或數(shù)萬年的時間內(nèi)，在南美洲的

景觀中流動?！保┛芍琇ukasMusher將這兩件事關(guān)聯(lián)起來，他認(rèn)為是亞馬遜河的流動導(dǎo)致了河

兩岸豐富的生物多樣性。故選D。

4.根據(jù)最后?段中的whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecan

combinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertime

todivergefromoneanother.（當(dāng)河流快速重新排列時，兩邊的鳥類種群在它們有時間變化之前就會

結(jié)合在一起；當(dāng)河流變化緩慢時，物種有更長的時間互相分化。）可知，高速的河流會導(dǎo)致物種

組合，低速的河流會導(dǎo)致物種的差距越來越大。所以，影響鳥類種類改變的因素是河流的流速，

故選C。

12?15.【答案】D、C、B、C

【解析】1.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了素食主義者拒絕動物產(chǎn)品的三個原因。

根據(jù)第二段中的Theeasiestpointtoargueagainstisthateatingmeatisunhealthy.（最容易反駁的觀點

是吃肉是不健康的。）,第三段中的Ourtreatmentoffarmanimalsisanissuethatvegetariansfindmore

troubling.（我們對待農(nóng)場動物的方式是素食主義者認(rèn)為更令人不安的一個問題。）以及第四段中

的Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.（畜牧業(yè)對環(huán)境的

影響是一個世紀(jì)以來最大的問題。）可知，素食主義者拒絕肉食的原因不包括D項“它威脅到農(nóng)

民的收入”。故選D。

2.根據(jù)第二段中的Butthatmeansjusteightextra（largelycurable）casesinevery10,000peopleoversix

years.（但這意味著在6年的時間里，每1萬人中只會增加8例（大部分是可以治愈的）病例。）

可知，該段提出這個報告的目的是證明吃肉并不像素食者想象的那樣不健康。故選C。

3.根據(jù)第三段中的Acommonviewisthatraisinganimalsinasmallareacauseunacceptablesuffering.

Inthisregard,agriculturalauthoritiesshouldtakeuptheresponsibilitytoenforcewelfarestandardsthat

giveeachanimalenoughspacetostandandmovearoundcomfortably.（?個普遍的觀點是，在小范圍

內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)動物會造成不可接受的痛苦。在這方面，農(nóng)業(yè)當(dāng)局應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任，執(zhí)行福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使每頭

牲畜有足夠的空間舒適地站V和移動。）可知，giveeachanimalenoughspacetostandandmovearound

comfortably可知，作者對小范圍飼養(yǎng)動物持反對（negative）態(tài)度。故選B。

4.根據(jù)第四段中心句Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.

（畜牧業(yè)對環(huán)境的影響是一個世紀(jì)以來最大的問題。）可知，笫四段主要討論畜牧業(yè)對環(huán)境的不

良影響。故選C。

16?20.【答案】G、D、C、B、E

【解析】1?【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了應(yīng)對考試壓力的方法。

上文Examsareanimportanttypeofassessmentalmostallstudentswillneedtoundertake.Thebestway

tostudyisnottoreciteitallinhoursorminutesbeforeanexam.Examstressaffectsmoststudentsin

variousways.（考試是一種重要的評估類型，幾乎所有的學(xué)生都需要進(jìn)行。最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法不是在

考試前的兒小時或兒分鐘內(nèi)背誦?？荚噳毫σ愿鞣N方式影響著大多數(shù)學(xué)生。）提出考試壓力影響

著大多數(shù)學(xué)生，而接下來四段中給出一些應(yīng)對這種壓力的方法和建議，G項（控制壓力并找到減

輕壓力的方法是很重要的。：承上啟下，引出下文中的方法。故選G。

2.根據(jù)下文Inyourbag,collectallyoursuppliessuchaspencils,severalpensandotherimportantwriting

materials.Putth