黑龍江省哈爾濱市第三中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題

哈三中2024—2025學(xué)年度上學(xué)期高三學(xué)年期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（滿分150分時(shí)間120分鐘）第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．WhatdidFredhaveforbreakfasttoday?A．Breadandanegg.B．Breadandanapple.C．Abananaandanapple.2．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherself?A．Outgoing.B．Shy.C．Confident.3．Whenwillthewomanmeettheman?A．At7:30.B．At6:45.C．At6:00.4．Whatmaycausethewomantrouble?A．Missingaclass.B．Havingdinneroutside.C．Gettingbackhometoolate.5．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Ateacher.B．Atask.C．Amovie.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第67題。6．Atwhattimewillthewomanmeetacustomer?A．2o’clock.B．3o’clock.C．4o’clock.7．Whowilldeliverthedocument?A．Ashley.B．Rebecca.C．Victor.聽第7段材料，回答89題。8．Whyisn’tthewomanavailable?A．Sheisbusyatthepatientcareworkshop.B．Shehasadoctor’sappointment.C．ShehasameetingwithGreg.9．Whatrelationisthewomantotheman?A．Hiswife.B．Hisworkmate.C．Hispatient.聽第8段材料，回答1012題。10．Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A．Toaskforhishelp.B．Toinvitehimtothemusicfestival.C．Tointroduceafolkbandtohim.11．Whenwillthespeakersgotogettickets?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.12．Whatisthemostimportantforthespeakerstogettickets?A．Arrivingby6:00a.m.B．Takingsomethingtositon.C．Liningupinthepark.聽第9段材料，回答1316題。13．Whoisthewomanstayingwithnow?A．Hermother.B．Herfather.C．Hersister.14．Whatwillthemandointheevening?A．Visitthewoman.B．Workonhisproject.C．Staywithhisrelatives.15．Howwillthemangotothewoman’shouse?A．Bybus.B．Bybike.C．Bycar.16．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Inthemorning.B．Atnoon.C．Intheafternoon.聽第10段材料，回答17—20題。17．WhereisCoopers?A．Ontheedgeoftown.B．Behindamarket.C．Nearthecollege.18．WhatisthegoodpointaboutShopsmart?A．Theprice.B．Theposition.C．Transport.19．WhatcanpeoplebuyinMass?A．Fruitandvegetables.B．Filesandpens.C．Souvenirs.20．WhatdoweknowaboutthemuseuminNewtown?A．Ithasitsownshop.B．ItisclosedonSunday.C．Itprovidesparkingspaces.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AArdenUniversityArdenUniversityhasphysicalstudycentresinLondon,Manchester,Birmingham,andBerlin,Germany,andalsooffershighqualityonlinebachelorandmasterdegreeprogrammestoBritishandinternationalstudentsallovertheworld.Theyhavesupportedover50,000studentswhileremainingtruetotheircorevalues,ensuringhighereducationisavailableforall.Coveringarangeofprofessionalsubjectsin12academicfields,ArdenUniversitymakesUKeducationaccessibleandaffordablethroughtheircreativestudyplatform.Clickheretoviewthisschool.UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammesWehaveover60,000studentsineverycorneroftheglobestudyingonmorethan100differentprogrammes.Ourglobalfootprintandflexiblestudymethodhasenabledstudentstostudywherevertheylive.Asafamilyof19worldclasscollegesandadmiredinstitutes,theUniversityofLondonhasaninternationalreputationforacademicdistinctioninteachingandresearch.OurstudentsachieveexactlythesamestandardofinternationallyrecognizedqualificationasthosewhoattendtheUniversityitself.Clickheretoviewthisschool.UniversityofYorkTheUniversityofYorkisoneofthetoptenuniversitiesintheUKforteachingandresearch,andisrankedinthetop100universitiesintheworld.Thiswellestablisheduniversityconsistsofover30academicdepartmentsandresearchcentresandastudentbodyof13,000,andwasnamedTimesHigherEducationUniversityoftheYear2010.Mostofthedistancelearningcoursesaredesignedtomeetprofessionaldevelopmentneeds,andreflectthebenefitsofonlinelearninginthiscontext.Clickheretoviewthisschool.Lloyd’sMaritimeAcademyCourseoptionsincludepopularandwellestablisheddiplomasinMarine(海洋)Surveying,ShipManagement,andMaritimeLaw.Variousaccreditationlevelsareavailablefromshort,onlinebasedcertificatecoursestofullyaccrediteddiplomaandpostgraduatediplomastudyoptions.Wealsoofferourbestcourse—theMBAinShipping&.Logistics.Thecontinuedstrengthofthesedistancelearningprogrammeshaveover6,000studentsenrolledonourcourses.Clickheretoviewthisschool.1.Whichholdsthelargestnumberofstudents?A.ArdenUniversity. B.UniversityofYork.C.Lloyd'sMaritimeAcademy. D.UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammes.2.WhatcanyoulearnatLloyd’sMaritimeAcademy?A.Howtobeatrainingteacher. B.Howtobeagoodprogrammer.C.Howtobeaprofessionalinshippingindustry. D.Howtobeanexcellentshipbuilder.3.Whatdothefourschoolshaveinmon?A.Theyallofferonlinecourses. B.TheyareonlyaccessibletotheBritish.C.Theyarealltoptenschoolsintheworld. D.Theywereallbuiltintheearly20thcentury.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了幾所提供網(wǎng)上課程的大學(xué)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。比較第一段中“Theyhavesupportedover50,000studentswhileremainingtruetotheircorevalues,ensuringhighereducationisavailableforall.(他們支持了5萬多名學(xué)生，同時(shí)堅(jiān)持自己的核心價(jià)值觀，確保所有人都能接受高等教育。)”、第二段中“Wehaveover60,000studentsineverycorneroftheglobestudyingonmorethan100differentprogrammes.(我們有6萬多名學(xué)生在全球各地學(xué)習(xí)100多個(gè)不同的課程。)”、第三段中“Thiswellestablisheduniversityconsistsofover30academicdepartmentsandresearchcentresandastudentbodyof13,000,andwasnamedTimesHigherEducationUniversityoftheYear2010.(這所歷史悠久的大學(xué)由30多個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)部門和研究中心組成，擁有13000名學(xué)生，2010年被評(píng)為泰晤士高等教育大學(xué)。)”和第四段中“Thecontinuedstrengthofthesedistancelearningprogrammeshaveover6,000studentsenrolledonourcourses.(這些遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的持續(xù)實(shí)力使我們的課程招收了6000多名學(xué)生。)”學(xué)生數(shù)目可知，UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammes有6萬多學(xué)生，是人數(shù)最多的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“CourseoptionsincludepopularandwellestablisheddiplomasinMarine(海洋)Surveying,ShipManagement,andMaritimeLaw.(課程選擇包括流行和公認(rèn)的海事測(cè)量、船舶管理和海商法文憑。)”可知，在Lloyd’sMaritimeAcademy可以了解如何成為航運(yùn)業(yè)的專業(yè)人士。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArdenUniversityhasphysicalstudycentresinLondon,Manchester,Birmingham,andBerlin,Germany,andalsooffershighqualityonlinebachelorandmasterdegreeprogrammestoBritishandinternationalstudentsallovertheworld.(雅頓大學(xué)在倫敦、曼徹斯特、伯明翰和德國(guó)柏林設(shè)有體育學(xué)習(xí)中心，并為英國(guó)和世界各地的國(guó)際學(xué)生提供高質(zhì)量的在線學(xué)士和碩士學(xué)位課程。)”、第二段中“Ourglobalfootprintandflexiblestudymethodhasenabledstudentstostudywherevertheylive.(我們的全球足跡和靈活的學(xué)習(xí)方法使學(xué)生可以在任何地方學(xué)習(xí)。)”及“OurstudentsachieveexactlythesamestandardofinternationallyrecognizedqualificationasthosewhoattendtheUniversityitself.(我們的學(xué)生獲得了國(guó)際公認(rèn)的資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，與那些在大學(xué)就讀的學(xué)生完全相同。)”、第三段中“Mostofthedistancelearningcoursesaredesignedtomeetprofessionaldevelopmentneeds,andreflectthebenefitsofonlinelearninginthiscontext.(大多數(shù)遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)課程的設(shè)計(jì)是為了滿足專業(yè)發(fā)展的需要，并反映了在線學(xué)習(xí)在這一背景下的好處。)”和第四段中“Variousaccreditationlevelsareavailablefromshort,onlinebasedcertificatecoursestofullyaccrediteddiplomaandpostgraduatediplomastudyoptions.(從短期的在線證書課程到完全認(rèn)可的文憑和研究生文憑學(xué)習(xí)選項(xiàng)，都有不同的認(rèn)證級(jí)別。)”可知，它們都提供在線課程。故選A項(xiàng)。BMYGARDENISMYREFUGE(避難所);Ifindreflectiveisolationinit.Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.Foralongtime,Iguardedthisplaceofpeaceandquiet.Whenthechildrenfollowedmeintothegarden,Iwouldhandoutchores.“Here:youweedthebeans,youwatertheonions.”Soontheywouldbehotortheirbackswouldhurtfrombendingover,andtheywouldleavemetomyself.Thenoneday,Iwastryingtopreparethesoil,andIhonestlywasn’tenjoyingmytimeofpeaceandloneliness.My13yearoldson,Josiah,pickedupasparespadeandbeganhelping.Workingasateam,wehadthepeapatchdugupandfertilizedinnotimeatall.IthankedJosiah,realizingthatIhadenjoyedhispany.Thesamethinghappenedwithpickinguprocksandplantingtheseeds—oneortwoofthechildrenwouldappeartowatchandthenparticipate.Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.SoIstoppedresentingtheirpanyandinsteadIbegantosharemygardeningsecrets.Asspringbecamesummerandtherealworkbegan,Iexpectedthechildrentodisappear,butno,theretheywere,watering,pullingweedsandcheckingforinsects.OnedayIslippedoutbymyselftothegarden,feelingalittlebitguilty.Ihadasuspicionthatthesugarsnappeaswereripe,andIwantedataste.AsIwalkedalongtherow,alittlevoicepipedupbehindme.“Whatareyoueating,Mama?”Abby’sbigblueeyessparkledasIshowedherhowtopullthestringsoffandpop(剝出)thepeasintohermouth.Shejustlovedhowtastytheywere.Thenmysweetsevenyearoldgirlputmetoshame.“Mama,I’vegottopickabunch.Won’ttheotherslovethem?Ican’twaittoshare.”IrealizedhowselfishIhadbeen.I’dtriedtokeepthejoysofgardeningtomyself,andherewasachildwhocouldn’twaittosharewithherbrothersandsisters.Iheldbacktearsandsaid,“Sure,honey,let’spicksomeandI’llshowyouhowtopreparethem.We’llmakethemostwonderfulsupper.”4.Whydidthewriteraskherchildrentodochoreswhenevertheywereinthegarden?A.Shedidn’twanttodoalltheworkonherown.B.Sheintendedtoshowthehardlaborofgardening.C.Shedidn’twantthemtogethurtorgettootired.D.Shewasdeterminedtokeepthegardentoherself.5.Whatwerethechildrenlike?①loud②lively③enterprising④loving⑤strongA.①②③④ B.①②④ C.①②③ D.④⑤6.Theunderlinedword“resent”probablymeans______.A.dislike B.expect C.keep D.sacrifice7.Whatdidthewritertrytotellthereaderswiththisstory?A.Thebestwaytomunicatewithchildrenisbyworkingtogether.B.Thegoldenruleofgardeningisthatmanyhandsmakelightwork.C.Everythingfeelsbetterwhensharedwithyourfamilyoryourfriend.D.Parentsshouldspendasmuchtimewiththeirchildrenaspossible.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過敘述作者與孩子們?cè)诨▓@中的互動(dòng)經(jīng)歷，展現(xiàn)了作者從獨(dú)自享受花園的寧?kù)o到與孩子們分享園藝樂趣的心路歷程?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“MYGARDENISMYREFUGE(避難所);Ifindreflectiveisolationinit.Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.Foralongtime,Iguardedthisplaceofpeaceandquiet.Whenthechildrenfollowedmeintothegarden,Iwouldhandoutchores.“Here:youweedthebeans,youwatertheonions.”Soontheywouldbehotortheirbackswouldhurtfrombendingover,andtheywouldleavemetomyself.(我的花園是我的避難所，我在其中找到了反思與獨(dú)處的空間。我有七個(gè)孩子，所以我們的家總是充滿喧囂與混亂。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，我都守護(hù)著這片寧?kù)o之地。當(dāng)孩子們跟著我走進(jìn)花園時(shí)，我就會(huì)給他們分配家務(wù)活?！澳銇恚航o豆子除草，你給洋蔥澆水?！焙芸?，他們就會(huì)因?yàn)樘鞖庋谉峄驈澭鼊谧鞫惩矗缓笏麄兙蜁?huì)離開，讓我獨(dú)自享受這片寧?kù)o)”可知，每次孩子們?cè)诨▓@里時(shí)，作者都會(huì)讓他們做家務(wù)活，目的是為了把孩子支開從而獨(dú)享花園的寧?kù)o。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.(我有七個(gè)孩子，所以我們的家總是充滿喧囂與混亂)”可知，作者的孩子很吵鬧；再根據(jù)文章第三段“Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.(每次，我都會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，有了他們的幫助，工作變得輕松多了，他們的笑聲也讓時(shí)間流逝得更快)”以及“Asspringbecamesummerandtherealworkbegan,Iexpectedthechildrentodisappear,butno,theretheywere,watering,pullingweedsandcheckingforinsects.(隨著春天變成夏天，真正的農(nóng)活開始了，我以為孩子們會(huì)消失得無影無蹤，但沒有，他們還在那里，澆水、除草、檢查害蟲)”可知，作者的孩子們非常活潑有愛。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章劃線單詞上文“Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.(每次，我都會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，有了他們的幫助，工作變得輕松多了，他們的笑聲也讓時(shí)間流逝得更快)”及下文“insteadIbegantosharemygardeningsecrets(反而開始與他們分享我的園藝秘訣)”可推測(cè)，作者開始不討厭孩子們的陪伴，而且還開始分享自己的園藝秘訣。因此，劃線詞resent為“不喜歡、怨恨”之意。選項(xiàng)A“dislike(不喜歡)”；選項(xiàng)B“expect(期待)”；選項(xiàng)C“keep(保持)”；選項(xiàng)D“sacrifice(犧牲)”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“IrealizedhowselfishIhadbeen.I’dtriedtokeepthejoysofgardeningtomyself,andherewasachildwhocouldn’twaittosharewithherbrothersandsisters.Iheldbacktearsandsaid,“Sure,honey,let’spicksomeandI’llshowyouhowtopreparethem.We’llmakethemostwonderfulsupper.”(我意識(shí)到自己有多自私。我一直想把園藝樂趣留給自己，而這里有個(gè)孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹分享。我強(qiáng)忍住淚水說：“當(dāng)然，親愛的，我們摘一些吧，我來教你如何準(zhǔn)備。我們會(huì)做出最美味的晚餐。”)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了作者原本獨(dú)自享受花園的寧?kù)o和獨(dú)處時(shí)光，后來作者逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)與孩子們一起園藝也有樂趣。于是作者開始享受與孩子們一起分享花園的時(shí)光。因此，作者試圖用這個(gè)故事告訴讀者的是：與家人或朋友分享時(shí)，一切都感覺更美好。這既體現(xiàn)了作者從獨(dú)享到分享的情感變化，也傳達(dá)了分享帶來的積極情感體驗(yàn)。故選C。CWildanimalsareequippedwithavarietyoftechniquestoavoidbeinglunchforabiggeranimal,alsoknownasapredator(捕食者)innature.Themostwellknownmethodsincludetheclassicfightandflightaswellasfreeze.Ateamofresearcherswonderedwhetherclosenesstopeoplemightimpactthosesurvivalstrategies.“Weoftenseethatanimalsaremoretolerantaroundusinurbanareas,butwedon’treallyknowwhy.”saysevolutionarybiologistDanBlumstein.“Isitindividualplasticity,meaningindividualschangetheirfearofusandthatleadstotolerance?Orcantherebeanevolutionaryfactorinvolved?”Tofindout,Blumsteinandhiscolleaguesbinedinformationfrom173studiesofover100species,includingmammals,birds,fishandevenmollusks.Itturnsoutthatregardlessofevolutionaryancestry,theanimalsreactinasimilarwaytolifeamonghumans:theylosetheirantipredatorcharacteristics.Thatpatternisespeciallypronouncedforplanteatinganimalsandforsocialspecies.Thisbehavioralchangeisperhapsunsurprisingwhenit’sintentional,theresultofdomesticationorcontrolledbreeding.Butitturnsoutthaturbanizationaloneresultsinasimilarchange,thougharoundthreetimesmoreslowly.Themainpointis:we’reessentiallydomesticatinganimalsbyurbanization.We’reselectingforthesamesortsofcharacteristicsthatwewouldifwewereactuallytryingtodomesticatethem.Iftheurbanizationprocesshelpsanimalsbettercoexistwithpeople,itcouldbetotheirbenefit.Butifitmakesthemmoredefenselesstotheirnonhumanpredators,itcouldbearealproblem.Eitherway,theseresults,meanthatcitylivinghasenoughofaninfluenceonwildanimalsthatevolutionaryprocesseskickin.Thosereductionsinantipredatorcharacteristicsbeeencodedintheirgenes.We’rechangingthepopulationgeneticsonewayoranother.Whattheresearchersnowwonderiswhetherthemerepresenceoftouristsinlessurbanizedareascancausesimilarchangesinwildanimals.Ifso,seriousquestionsexistfortheideaofethical,welfareorientedecotourism.Ifwewishtohelpanimalskeeptheirantipredatordefenses,theresearcherssay,wemighthavetointentionallyexposeanimalstopredators.It’sjustyetoneotherwaythatwe’rechangingtheworldaroundus.8.TheresearchledbyBlumsteinisaimedat______.A.determininghowanimals’survivalisimpactedbyindividualplasticityB.studyinghowlivingamonghumansaffectsanimals’survivalstrategiesC.paringtheeffectivenessofdifferentsurvivaltechniquesD.findingoutwhichevolutionaryfactorimpactsanimals’survivalmethods9.Whichofthefollowingpracticesmaycontributetoanimalslosingantipredatorcharacteristics?A.Controlledbreedingofanimals. B.Banningtheoperationofecotourism.C.Plannedselectionoffavorablegenes. D.Eliminatingdomestication.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisBlumsteinlikelytoagreewith?A.Urbanizationhasmadewildanimalsmorealert.B.Urbanizationhasbroughtconcretebenefitstoanimals.C.Citylivinghasledtoanimals’geneticvariations.DCitylivinghashelpedtopreserveanimalspecies.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toamusepeoplewithrecentinterestingscientificfindings.B.Toremindpeopletohelpanimalssurviveinacorrectway.C.Topromoteecotourismincitiesaroundtheworld.D.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofanimalpresenceincities.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物與人類接近性對(duì)其生存策略影響的研究，向讀者普及了相關(guān)的生物學(xué)知識(shí)和進(jìn)化理論?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ateamofresearcherswonderedwhetherclosenesstopeoplemightimpactthosesurvivalstrategies.“Weoftenseethatanimalsaremoretolerantaroundusinurbanareas,butwedon’treallyknowwhy.”saysevolutionarybiologistDanBlumstein.“Isitindividualplasticity,meaningindividualschangetheirfearofusandthatleadstotolerance?Orcantherebeanevolutionaryfactorinvolved?”(一組研究人員想知道與人的親近度是否會(huì)影響那些生存策略?！拔覀兘?jīng)常看到動(dòng)物在城市地區(qū)對(duì)我們更加容忍，但我們并不真正知道原因。”進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家DanBlumstein說，“這是個(gè)體可塑性的表現(xiàn)，即個(gè)體改變了對(duì)我們的恐懼，從而變得更加容忍？還是可能涉及進(jìn)化因素？”)”可知，DanBlumstein領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究旨在研究生活在人類中對(duì)動(dòng)物生存策略的影響。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Itturnsoutthatregardlessofevolutionaryancestry,theanimalsreactinasimilarwaytolifeamonghumans:theylosetheirantipredatorcharacteristics.Thatpatternisespeciallypronouncedforplanteatinganimalsandforsocialspecies.Thisbehavioralchangeisperhapsunsurprisingwhenit’sintentional,theresultofdomesticationorcontrolledbreeding.(事實(shí)證明，無論進(jìn)化祖先如何，動(dòng)物對(duì)人類生活中的反應(yīng)方式都是相似的：它們失去了反捕食者特性。這種模式在食草動(dòng)物和社會(huì)性物種中尤為明顯。當(dāng)這種行為變化是有意為之時(shí)，比如馴化或受控繁殖的結(jié)果，這一點(diǎn)或許并不令人驚訝)”可知，控制繁殖可能導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物失去反捕食者特性。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Iftheurbanizationprocesshelpsanimalsbettercoexistwithpeople,itcouldbetotheirbenefit.Butifitmakesthemmoredefenselesstotheirnonhumanpredators,itcouldbearealproblem.Eitherway,theseresults,meanthatcitylivinghasenoughofaninfluenceonwildanimalsthatevolutionaryprocesseskickin.Thosereductionsinantipredatorcharacteristicsbeeencodedintheirgenes.We’rechangingthepopulationgeneticsonewayoranother.(如果城市化進(jìn)程有助于動(dòng)物更好地與人類共存，那么這對(duì)它們來說可能是有益的。但如果這使它們?cè)诿鎸?duì)非人類捕食者時(shí)更加無力自衛(wèi)，那么這可能是一個(gè)真正的問題。無論哪種方式，這些結(jié)果都意味著城市生活對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的影響足夠大，以至于啟動(dòng)了進(jìn)化過程。這些反捕食者特性的減少被編碼在它們的基因中。我們正以某種方式改變著種群的遺傳學(xué))”可知，研究表明城市生活可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物的遺傳變異。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開頭提到了DanBlumstein領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究關(guān)注的是城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物生存策略的影響。接下來文章詳細(xì)描述了這項(xiàng)研究的內(nèi)容、方法和一些初步的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然后，文章進(jìn)一步探討了這種影響可能帶來的后果。由此可知，文章通過介紹城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的影響，以及這種影響可能帶來的后果，實(shí)際上是在提醒人們關(guān)注這個(gè)問題，并思考如何以正確的方式幫助動(dòng)物生存。故選B。DWhenevaluatingpeopleonvariouspsychologicaltests,psychologistsoftendistinguishbetweenmarkersofabsoluteperformanceandrelativeperformance.Absoluteperformancereflectstherawmeasurementofsomething,likethetimeittakestorunamile.Relativeperformanceishowapersonratesinrelationtotheirpeers,asinwhatplacearunnergetsinarace.Thestandardsweusetoevaluateourselvesarealmostalwaysrelative,aswepareourselvestoourpeersandthestandardsthataremostfamiliartous.Ourconsciousrecognitionofthesepeersandnormsiswhatsetsourexpectations,shapingourselfimageandhappiness.What’sinterestingabouttherelativeparisonsthatmostofusmakeisthatinwhateverareaoflifeweconsider—forexample,ourhighestlevelofeducation—it’snothowwefare(成功)inparisontotherestoftheworldthatseemstomattermost,butratherhowweparetoourclosestpeers.Forinstance,inmyprivatepractice,IhaveonepatientIwillcall“Omar”whoisdependentonsocialservicesandmakeslessthan$30,000peryearathisjob.Whilethislevelofpovertywouldleadmostpeopletowakeupdepressedeachday,OmarisoneofthemostoptimisticandappreciativeindividualsIknow.Why?Becausemostofhisclosestpeers—hissiblingsandfriendsfromchildhood—havelivesfarworsethanhis.IncontrasttoOmar,Ihaveanotherpatient,anadolescentI’llcall“Lena”,whosefamilyhaspropertyover$5million.Lena,however,livesinanupperclassneighborhoodwhereherfamilyisatthelowerendoftheinelevel.ThoughLena’sfamilyallowshertoenjoypossessionsandexperiencesthatlessthan1percentofherpeersacrosstheworldcanshare,sheconsistentlyfeels“l(fā)essthan”.Why?BecauseLenadoesn’tpareherselftotherestoftheworld;thisistooabstractanexerciseforher,asitwouldbeformostofus.Accordingly,whetherapsychologistispsychodynamicorcognitivebehavioral,therapy(療法)withindividualsstrugglingwithsituationalorpsychologicaldepressionaimstosolvetheproblemsassociatedwithbasingone’sselfworthonparisonswithothers.Psychologiststrytohelppeoplefocusonpersonalgrowtharoundtheachievementofconcretegoalsinlinewiththeirvaluesindependentoftheachievementofothers.Forallofus,definingthesegoals,especiallyduringperiodsofemotionalcalm,cangoalongwayinhelpingustoavoidthetrapofrelativitythatoftenleadstosituationalandpsychologicaldepression.12.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto______.A.showthesignificanceofevaluatingpeople.B.motivatereaderstostudypsychologicaltests.C.helppeopleperformwellinpsychologicaltestsD.providesomebackgroundinformationonevaluatingpeople.13.Whydoestheauthormentionhistwopatients?A.Tomeasuredifferentachievement.B.Tointroducethestandardstoevaluatepeople.C.Toexplainrelativeperformancewithexamples.D.Tocontrastrelativeperformanceandabsoluteperformance.14.Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A.Settinggoalsinlifeisessentialforeveryone.B.It’simportanttoavoidunhealthyparisons.C.Asenseofachievementcanaffectone’shappiness.D.Improvingselfworthcanhelpgetridofdepression.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Happiness:Isitallrelative? B.Happiness:Isitassociatedwithachievement?C.Selfworth:Isitbasedonefforts? D.Selfworth:Isitmeasurable?【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞心理學(xué)家在評(píng)估人們時(shí)如何區(qū)分絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)和相對(duì)表現(xiàn)這一主題展開，探討了相對(duì)比較對(duì)個(gè)人自我認(rèn)知、幸福感以及心理健康的影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenevaluatingpeopleonvariouspsychologicaltests,psychologistsoftendistinguishbetweenmarkersofabsoluteperformanceandrelativeperformance.Absoluteperformancereflectstherawmeasurementofsomething,likethetimeittakestorunamile.Relativeperformanceishowapersonratesinrelationtotheirpeers,asinwhatplacearunnergetsinarace.(在通過各種心理測(cè)試評(píng)估人們時(shí)，心理學(xué)家通常會(huì)區(qū)分絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)和相對(duì)表現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)。絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)反映的是某項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的原始測(cè)量值，比如跑一英里所需的時(shí)間。而相對(duì)表現(xiàn)則是指一個(gè)人相對(duì)于同齡人的表現(xiàn)，比如在比賽中獲得的名次)”可知，第一段首先提到在通過各種心理測(cè)試評(píng)估人們時(shí)，心理學(xué)家通常會(huì)區(qū)分絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)和相對(duì)表現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)。然后該段落對(duì)這兩個(gè)概念進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的解釋和舉例說明。因此第一段的主要目的是為讀者提供一些關(guān)于評(píng)估人的背景信息，特別是關(guān)于心理學(xué)家在評(píng)估過程中使用的兩個(gè)重要指標(biāo)：絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)和相對(duì)表現(xiàn)。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Forinstance,inmyprivatepractice,IhaveonepatientIwillcall“Omar”whoisdependentonsocialservicesandmakeslessthan$30,000peryearathisjob.(例如，在我的私人診所中，我有一位患者，我稱他為“奧馬爾”，他依賴社會(huì)服務(wù)，每年的工作收入不到3萬美元)”以及“Becausemostofhisclosestpeers—hissiblingsandfriendsfromchildhood—havelivesfarworsethanhis.(因?yàn)樗拇蠖鄶?shù)最親近的同齡人——他的兄弟姐妹和兒時(shí)的朋友——的生活都比他糟糕得多)”可知，第三段介紹了作者的病人奧馬爾，奧馬爾雖然收入低，但因?yàn)樗拇蠖鄶?shù)最親近的同齡人的生活都比他糟糕得多，所以他很樂觀。再根據(jù)第四段“IncontrasttoOmar,Ihaveanotherpatient,anadolescentI’llcall“Lena”,whosefamilyhaspropertyover$5million.(與奧馬爾形成鮮明對(duì)比的是，我還有另一位患者，一個(gè)青少年，我稱她為“莉娜”，她的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)超過500萬美元)”以及“BecauseLenadoesn’tpareherselftotherestoftheworld;thisistooabstractanexerciseforher,asitwouldbeformostofus.(因?yàn)槔蚰炔粫?huì)將自己與世界其他地方的人進(jìn)行比較；這對(duì)她來說太抽象了，對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來說也是如此)”可知，第三段介紹了另一個(gè)病人莉娜，莉娜雖然家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)豐富，但在她所處的上流社會(huì)街區(qū)中，她的家庭收入處于較低端，因此她總是覺得自己“不如別人”。由此可知，作者通過描述兩位患者的不同心態(tài)和背景，來具體說明相對(duì)表現(xiàn)的概念，即一個(gè)人相對(duì)于同齡人的表現(xiàn)如何。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Accordingly,whetherapsychologistispsychodynamicorcognitivebehavioral,therapy(療法)withindividualsstrugglingwithsituationalorpsychologicaldepressionaimstosolvetheproblemsassociatedwithbasingone’sselfworthonparisonswithothers.Psychologiststrytohelppeoplefocusonpersonalgrowtharoundtheachievementofconcretegoalsinlinewiththeirvaluesindependentoftheachievementofothers.(因此，無論是心理動(dòng)力學(xué)還是認(rèn)知行為學(xué)派的心理學(xué)家，對(duì)于那些因情境或心理抑郁而困擾的個(gè)體的治療，都旨在解決將自我價(jià)值建立在與他人比較之上的問題。心理學(xué)家試圖幫助人們關(guān)注個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，圍繞符合其自身價(jià)值觀的具體目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，而不是依賴于他人的成就)”可知，心理學(xué)家的目標(biāo)之一是幫助人們避免將自我價(jià)值建立在與他人的比較上，本段表達(dá)了避免不健康的比較是很重要的。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章首先介紹了心理學(xué)家在評(píng)估人們時(shí)如何區(qū)分絕對(duì)表現(xiàn)和相對(duì)表現(xiàn)，并通過具體例子解釋了相對(duì)表現(xiàn)的概念。接著，文章探討了相對(duì)比較對(duì)個(gè)人自我認(rèn)知、幸福感以及心理健康的影響，特別是如何通過避免不健康的比較來提高個(gè)人的幸福感和心理健康。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“Happiness:Isitallrelative?(幸福：一切都是相對(duì)的嗎？)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的主題和核心內(nèi)容，即相對(duì)比較如何影響個(gè)人的幸福感和心理健康。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。GettingLostinaGoodBookCanHelpKeepYouHealthyI’manovelistandit’sobviouslyinmyinteresttoencouragepeopletoread.Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.___16___Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.____17____Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.Also,readingcanhelppeoplelearntoempathize(產(chǎn)生共鳴).ArecentstudyattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthattherehadbeena48%decreaseinempathyamongcollegestudents.____18____Inaputergame,youmighthaverescuedaprincess,butyoudon’tcareabouther,youjustwanttowin.Butaprincessinabookhasapast,presentandfuture,shehasconnectionsandmotivations.Wecanrelatetoher.Weseetheworldthroughhereyes.Asamatteroffact,readingisfarfromapassiveactivity.Readingexercisesthewholebrain.Whenwereadandimaginethelandscapes,sounds,smellsandtastesdescribedonthepage,thevariousareasofthebrainthatareusedtoprocesstheseexperiencesinreallifeareactivated,creatingnewneuralpathways.___19___Thisdoesn’thappenwhenwe’rewatchingTVorplayingaputergame.Gettingsuckedintoagoodnovelappearstobebeneficialtoourmentalhealthtoo.____20____Readingnotonlyavoidsfeelingsoflonelinessithelpsustowinddown,destressandforgetourownproblemsforawhile.A.Storieshaveastructurethatencouragestheirbrainstothinkinsequence,tolinkcause,effectandsignificance.B.Inotherwords,ourbrainsmodelrealexperiences,justasifwewerelivingthemourselves.C.Whenwereadagoodbook,we’retryingtofindoutitsmainidea.D.Itmightactuallybegoodforourmentalandphysicalhealthtoo.E.Butthosewhodidnotenjoytheseactivitieshadlotsofloss.F.Astheoldsayinggoes,“You’reneveralonewithabook.”G.Encouragingreadingcouldoverethis.【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.B20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。越來越多的證據(jù)表明，閱讀不僅僅是為了娛樂，或者僅僅是提高讀寫能力和事實(shí)知識(shí)的一種方式，閱讀還對(duì)身心健康也有好處。文章主要說明了閱讀對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的一些積極作用?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.(但越來越多的證據(jù)表明，閱讀不僅僅是為了娛樂，或者僅僅是提高讀寫能力和事實(shí)知識(shí)的一種方式)”結(jié)合后文主要說明了閱讀對(duì)人身心所產(chǎn)生的好處，且上文中reading可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中it。故D選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，它可能對(duì)我們的身心健康也有好處”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.(首先，閱讀有助于延長(zhǎng)孩子的注意力，提高他們清晰思考的能力)”以及后文“Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.(從小學(xué)習(xí)這項(xiàng)技能是很重要的。他們做得越多，做得就越好)”可知，本句為過渡句，承接上文具體說明閱讀是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中improvestheirabilitytothinkclearly可對(duì)應(yīng)