全套課件-《現(xiàn)代物流專業(yè)英語》-易牧農(nóng)

現(xiàn)代物流專業(yè)英語

WhatIsLogisticsTheLogisticsofBusinessIsBigandImportantTheWorkofLogisticsLogisticalOperationsChapter1AnIntroductiontoLogisticsKeypoints:logistics;demand;competitiveadvantageDifficultpoints:logisticsRequirementsBytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandthedefinitionoflogistics.understandthehistoryoflogistics.1.1WhatIsLogistics

Logisticsistheprocessofstrategicallymanagingtheprocurement,movementandstorageofmaterials,partsandfinishedinventory(andtherelatedinformationflows)throughtheorganizationanditsmarketingchannelsinsuchawaythatcurrentandfutureprofitabilityaremaximizedthroughthecost-effectivefulfillmentoforders.WhatIsLogistics

AsaprecursortotheGulfWarithadbeennecessaryfortheUnitedStatesanditsalliestomovehugeamountsofmaterialgreatdistancesinwhatwerethoughttobeimpossiblyshorttime-frames.

SentenceExplanations作為海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的準(zhǔn)備，美國和其同盟者在被認(rèn)為不可能的時(shí)間內(nèi)，必須超遠(yuǎn)距離地運(yùn)輸大量軍需品。

2.HoweverwhiletheGeneralsandFieldMarshalsfromtheearliesttimeshaveunderstoodthecriticalroleoflogistics,strangelyitisonlyintherecentpastthatbusinessorganizationshavecometorecognizethevitalimpactthatlogisticsmanagementcanhaveintheachievementofcompetitiveadvantage.SentenceExplanations盡管將軍和陸軍元帥很早就認(rèn)識(shí)到了后勤的關(guān)鍵作用，令人奇怪的是企業(yè)在不久之前才剛剛認(rèn)識(shí)到物流管理在構(gòu)筑競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)方面的重要作用。

3.Failuretoco-ordinateanyoneoftheseactivitieswithitgroup-fellowsandalsowiththoseintheothergroup,orundueemphasisoroutlay-putuponanyoneoftheseactivities,iscertaintoupsettheequilibriumofforceswhichmeansefficientdistribution.SentenceExplanations如果與活動(dòng)中任何一個(gè)部分以及其它部分不能相互協(xié)調(diào)，或者不恰當(dāng)?shù)刂攸c(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體活動(dòng)中的任何一個(gè)部分，肯定會(huì)打亂有效率分銷的均勢(shì)因素。

Whatisthelogistics?2.Howdoyoucomprehendthesentence“‘logistics’encompassesmuchmorethanjustthetransportationandwarehouse?”Questions

1.2TheLogisticsofBusinessIsBigandImportantKeypoints:supplychain;competitiveadvantageDifficultpoints:competitiveadvantageRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

understandtheimportanceofthelogisticstofirms.describetherelationshipbetweenlogisticsandfirms.

Logisticsaddsvaluetothesupplychainprocesswheninventoryisstrategicallypositionedtoachievesales.Creatinglogisticsvalueiscostly.Althoughdifficulttomeasure,mostexpertsagreethattheannualexpendituretoperformlogisticsintheUnitedStateswasapproximately10.1percentofthe$9.96billionGrossNationProduct(GNP)or$1.006billion.Expenditurefortransportationin2000was$590billion,whichrepresented58.6percentoftotallogisticscost.AsfurtherillustratedinTable1.2.1,thelogisticsofbusinessistrulybigbusiness!TheLogisticsofBusinessIsBigandImportant

Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothemanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedtoconsumers.

SentenceExplanations通過物流過程，貨物進(jìn)入一個(gè)工業(yè)國家形成制造能力并且產(chǎn)品得以分銷給消費(fèi)者。

2.Therecentgrowthglobalcommerceandtheintroductionofe-commercehaveexpandedthesizeofcomplexityoflogisticaloperations.

SentenceExplanations近來全球商業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)和電子商務(wù)的引入已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大了物流運(yùn)營(yíng)復(fù)雜性的程度。

3.Insituationswheretimelycorrectiveactionisnotpossible,customerscanbeprovidedadvancenotificationofdevelopingproblems,therebyeliminatingthesurpriseofanunavoidableservicefailure.SentenceExplanations在不能采取及時(shí)正確的行動(dòng)的情形下，顧客可以預(yù)先得到出現(xiàn)問題的通知，由此不會(huì)使顧客對(duì)于一個(gè)不可避免的服務(wù)失敗感到驚訝。

4.

Inmanysituations,workingincollaborationwithcustomersandsuppliers,correctiveactioncanbetakentopreventoperationalshutdownsorcostlycustomerservicefailures.

SentenceExplanations在很多情況下，和顧客和供應(yīng)商一起合作，可以采取正確的行動(dòng)來防止操作中的停滯或昂貴的顧客服務(wù)失敗。

5.Byperformingataboveindustryaveragewithrespecttoinventoryavailability,speedandconsistencyofdelivery,andoperationalefficiencies,logisticallysophisticatedfirmsareidealsupplychainpartners.SentenceExplanations關(guān)于存貨有效性，送貨的速度和一致性和操作效率方面要執(zhí)行的比行業(yè)平均水平高，那么物流工作水平高的企業(yè)是理想的供應(yīng)鏈合作伙伴。

1.Discussthefunctionsofthelogistics.2.Givesomeexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofafirm’slogisticalactivities.3.Couldyouexplainhowafirmcanachievecompetitiveadvantagebyusinglogisticalcompetency?Questions

Keypoints:

supplychain;orderprocessing;inventory;transportation;warehousing;materialshandling;packaging;facilitynetworkDifficultpoints:

logisticalvalueRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandtheinterrelatednatureofthefiveareasoflogisticalwork.understandintegratedlogisticalmanagement.describethepersonalityofeveryfunctionalworkofthelogistics.

1.3TheWorkofLogistics

TheWorkofLogistics

OrderprocessingFacilitynetworkInventoryWarehousingMaterialshandlingPackagingTransportationThedecisionisbroaderthansimplyselectingafacilitytostoreinventorysincemanyvalue-addingactivitiesmaybeperformedduringthetimeproductsarewarehoused.SentenceExplanations因?yàn)樵S多產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值增值工作是在產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)存中完成的，所以，該決策要比簡(jiǎn)單地選擇存放貨物的設(shè)備要廣泛的多。

2.Examplesofsuchactivitiesaresorting,sequencing,orderselection,transportationconsolidation,and,insomecases,productmodificationandassembly.

SentenceExplanations這些活動(dòng)包括分揀、排序、訂貨選擇、運(yùn)輸拼箱，有時(shí)還包括產(chǎn)品修改和組裝。

3.Wheneconomistsoriginallydiscussedsupply-and-demandrelationships,facilitylocationandtransportationcostdifferentialswereassumedeithernonexistentorequalamongcompetitors.SentenceExplanations當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最初談?wù)摴┙o和需求的關(guān)系時(shí)，設(shè)備位置和運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用的差異假設(shè)是不存在或在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者中都是一樣的。

4.Wheneffectivelyintegratedintoanenterprise'slogisticaloperations,warehousing,materialshandling,andpackagingfacilitatethespeedandoveralleaseofproductflowthroughoutthelogisticalsystem.SentenceExplanations對(duì)企業(yè)的物流操作、儲(chǔ)藏、貨物處理和包裝進(jìn)行有效地整合，有利于提高產(chǎn)品流轉(zhuǎn)的速度和使產(chǎn)品在物流系統(tǒng)中更加順暢地流動(dòng)。

1.Whatarethefiveareasoflogisticalwork?Discussthereasonswhywesaytheprocessingofordersisofprimaryimportance.Whichareaoflogisticalworkhastraditionallyreceivedconsiderablemanagerialattention?Why?Discussthethreefundamentalfactorsoftransportationfromthelogisticalsystemviewpoint.5.Discussthewaystosatisfythetransportationrequirements.Givesomeexamplesofvalue-addingactivitiesperformedduringthetimeproductsarewarehoused.Questions

Keypoints:logisticalintegration;inventoryflow;informationflowDifficultpoints:

value-addedprocessRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandtheinternaloperationalscopeofintegratedlogisticsoperations.understandthethreelogisticsoperatingareas.illustratethetwomajorcomponentsofthelogisticalinformation.

1.4LogisticalOperation

LogisticalOperation

SuppliersCustomersInventoryflowInformationflowMarketdistributionManufacturingsupportProcurementEnterpriseLogisticalIntegrationProvidingallgoeswell,materialsandcomponentsgainvalueateachstepoftheirtransformationintofinishedinventory.Inotherwords,anindividualparthasgreatervalueafteritisincorporatedintoamachinethanithadasapart.Likewise,themachinehasgreatervalueonceitisdeliveredtoacustomer.

SentenceExplanations如果一切順利，原材料和零部件在轉(zhuǎn)化為成品的每一步都獲得了價(jià)值增值。換句話說，一個(gè)零部件組裝成一部機(jī)器時(shí)，其價(jià)值要高于作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立零部件的價(jià)值。

2.Fromtheviewpointofoverallplanning,theseparationofmanufacturingsupportfromoutboundmarketdistributionandinboundprocurementactivitiesprovidesopportunitiesforspecializationandimprovedefficiency.SentenceExplanations從全面計(jì)劃的觀點(diǎn)看，生產(chǎn)支持把外部市場(chǎng)分銷和內(nèi)部采購活動(dòng)分離開來，為專業(yè)化和提高效率提供了機(jī)會(huì)。

3.Inotherwords,materialsareinvolvedintheprocessofaddingvaluethroughmanufacturingwhereasproductsarereadyforconsumption.Thefundamentaldistinctionisthatproductsresultfromthevalueaddedtomaterialduringmanufacture,sortation,orassembly.SentenceExplanations換句話說，原材料是需要在生產(chǎn)過程增值，而產(chǎn)品是消費(fèi)者將要消費(fèi)的。基本的差別是產(chǎn)品是原材料經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)、分類或組裝取得的價(jià)值增值形式。

1.Discusswhythefirmsextendtheirenterpriseintegrationtoincorporatecustomersandsuppliers?2.DescribeFigure1.4.1Logisticalintegration.3.Explainthelogisticaloperationsinyourwords.4.Discussthewaystoaddvalueineachareaofthelogisticaloperations.5.Explainthecommonfeaturesthatthemarketdistributionsystemshaveinyourwords.6.Discussthedifferencesbetweenmarketdistributionandmanufacturingsupport.7.Whatisprocurement?8.Whatistheroleofprocurementinthelogisticaloperations?Questions

TheMarketingandLogisticsInterfaceWhatIsCustomerServiceService-drivenLogisticsSystemChapter2CustomerServicesKeypoints:tounderstandrelationsbetweenmarketingandlogisticsDifficultpoints:

tosatisfycustomersRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandthat4P’sistheimportantpartinmarketingmanagement.understandthatlogisticsplaystheimportantroleinbuildingandmaintainingcompetitiveedges.describetheimportanceofmanagingthemarketingandlogisticsinterfaceonanintegratedbasis.

2.1TheMarketingandLogisticsInterface

Themissionoflogisticsmanagementwasdefinedsimplyintermsofprovidingthemeanswherebycustomers'servicerequirementsaremet.Inotherwordstheultimatepurposeofanylogisticssystemistosatisfycustomers.

TheMarketingandLogisticsInterface

Neverthelessithastakenamajorrecessiontofocusmanyorganizations'attentionuponthecustomermoresharplythanwasoftenthecaseinthepast.

SentenceExplanations盡管如此，嚴(yán)重的衰退已經(jīng)迫使很多企業(yè)前所未有的把注意力聚焦在顧客上。

2.Bythisismeantthatincreasinglythepowerofthe'brand'isdiminishingastechnologiesofcompetingproductsconverge,thusmakingproductdifferencesdifficulttoperceive–atleasttotheaveragebuyer.SentenceExplanations這意味著，隨著生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)趨同性的加劇，“品牌”權(quán)力影響正在降低，對(duì)于普通購買者而言，產(chǎn)品差別很難覺察到的。

3.Therearesomanycompetingmodelsthatinrealityaresubstitutableasfarasmostwould-bepurchasersareconcerned.SentenceExplanations就買主而言，有那么多相似種類、型號(hào)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品，使購買者不知所措。

4.Facedwithasituationsuchasthisthecustomermaybeinfluencedbypriceorby‘image’perceptionsbutoverridingtheseaspectsmaywellbe‘a(chǎn)vailability’-inotherwords,istheproductinstock,canIhaveitnow?SentenceExplanations在這種情況下，顧客也許會(huì)受價(jià)格、感知形象的影響，但打破僵局的可能是“現(xiàn)貨”，換句話說，我現(xiàn)在能把它買回家嗎？

1.Whatareincludedinmarketingasthemanagementofthe'4P's'?2.Whatisthecentralconcernoflogisticsmanagement?3.Discussthefactorscontributingmorethananythingelsetothegrowingimportanceofcustomerserviceasacompetitiveweapon.4.Inyouropinion,howtounderstandtheimportanceofmanagingthemarketingandlogisticsinterfaceonanintegratedbasis.Questions

2.2WhatIsCustomerServiceKeypoints:customerservice;thecomponentsofcustomerservice

Difficultpoints:

thecomponentsofcustomerserviceRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

understandtheroleofcustomerservice.describethecomponentsofcustomerservice.discusstheimportantroleoflogisticincustomerservices.

Theroleofcustomerserviceistoprovide'timeandplaceutility'inthetransferofgoodsandservicesbetweenbuyerandseller.Putanotherway,thereisnovalueintheproductorserviceuntilitisinthehandsofthecustomerorconsumer.

WhatIsCustomerService

WhatIsCustomerService

IntendedConsumerConsumerDecreasePurchasePurchaseshopsdelaysinvalueofexpenditureexpenditureelsewhere/purchasepurchasedwhenout-doesnotalternativesof-stockmakepurchaseoccurs100%20%20%54%6%FIGURE2.2.1Revenuelossduetoanout-of-stockWhatIsCustomerService

ConsumerfranchiseCustomerfranchiseSupplychainefficiencyMarketingeffectiveness·Brandvalues·Customerservice·Flexibility·Marketshare·Corporateimage·Partnership·Reducedassetbase·Customerretention·Availability·Quickresponse·Lowcostsupplier·SuperiorROI

XX=FIGURE2.2.2TheimpactoflogisticsandcustomerserviceonmarketingAconsiderablebodyofevidenceexistswhichsupportstheviewthatiftheproductorserviceisnotavailableatthetimethecustomerrequiresitandaclosesubstituteisavailablethenthesalewillbelosttothecompetition.

SentenceExplanations作為一個(gè)重要的事實(shí),如果在顧客需要的時(shí)間內(nèi)不能提供所需的產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù),而替代品能夠作到的話，那么，企業(yè)在銷售方面將會(huì)喪失競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

2.Eveninmarketswherebrandloyaltyisstrongastock-outmightbesufficienttotriggeroffbrandswitching.

.

SentenceExplanations即使在品牌忠誠度很高的市場(chǎng)上，脫銷完全可能成為觸發(fā)品牌弱化的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

3.Moreoftenthannottodaytheorder-winningcriteriaarethoseelementsoftheofferthathaveaclearlyidentifiablepositiveimpactuponthecustomers'ownvalue-creatingprocess.

SentenceExplanations很久以來，贏得訂單的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是企業(yè)能夠?yàn)轭櫩蛣?chuàng)造價(jià)值的過程提供明確積極的影響要素。

4.

Traditionallymarketinghasfocusedontheendcustomer-orconsumerseekingtopromotebrandvaluesandtogeneratea'demandpull'onthemarketplaceforthecompany'sproducts.

SentenceExplanations傳統(tǒng)上營(yíng)銷一直聚焦于終端客戶——或者想辦法提升品牌價(jià)值并且在消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)上對(duì)于公司產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生“拉動(dòng)需求”效應(yīng)的消費(fèi)者。

1.Whatistheroleofcustomerservices?2.Howtoexplainthemultivariatenatureofcustomerservice?3.Howtomeasurecustomerservice?4.DescribeFig.2.2.1revenuelossduetoanout-of-stock.5.DescribeFig.2.2.2theimpactoflogisticsandcustomerserviceonmarketing.Questions

Keypoints:

customers'serviceneeds;customerserviceobjectives

Difficultpoints:

OTIF;ParetoLawRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

deviselogisticsstrategyandsystemsteps.understandthemethodsidentifyingcustomers'serviceneeds.understandthemethodsidentifyingcustomers'serviceobjectives.

2.3Service-drivenLogisticsSystem

Service-drivenLogisticsSystem

Identifyingcustomers'serviceneedsDefiningcustomerserviceobjectivesDesigningLogisticssystemForexamplemanycompanieswithastrongproduction-orientationhavedeveloped‘mega-plants’whichcanproduceworldvolumesofproductwithgreateconomiesofscale–yetparadoxicallythisstrategycouldreduceflexibilityandlengthenleadtimesbecauseofgreaterdistancefrommarkets.

SentenceExplanations例如，奉行很強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)向觀念的很多公司，已經(jīng)建立了擁有最大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的能夠生產(chǎn)全世界產(chǎn)量的“大工廠”，——因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)的跨度極大，該戰(zhàn)略是一把雙刃劍，在降低戰(zhàn)略靈活性的同時(shí)卻強(qiáng)化了企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)中的主導(dǎo)地位。

2.Henceitwouldbewrongtolaunchstraightin,assomanycompaniesdo,andseektoreengineeranexistinglogisticssystem(ordesignanewone)purelytoachieveinternalrequirementssuchascostreduction.

SentenceExplanations因此，像許多公司做的那樣，僅僅為了實(shí)現(xiàn)類似降低成本這樣的企業(yè)內(nèi)部要求而直接對(duì)現(xiàn)存物流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行再造（或設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新系統(tǒng)）將是錯(cuò)誤的。

3.Whateverourown'hard'internalmeasuresofservicemightsayourserviceperformanceis,perceptionsarethereality.

SentenceExplanations不管企業(yè)采取了怎樣“嚴(yán)格”的服務(wù)內(nèi)部考核以反映服務(wù)業(yè)績(jī)，但感覺是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

4.Clearlysuchadefinitionisspecifictoindividualcustomers,butitisusuallypossibletogroupcustomersintosegmentsandthentoidentify,alongthelinesdescribedearlier,thekeyserviceneedsofthosesegments.SentenceExplanations顯然這個(gè)想法是針對(duì)某個(gè)具體顧客的，但是如果我們按照上述的步驟，把顧客分為幾個(gè)細(xì)分市場(chǎng)，找出每個(gè)細(xì)分市場(chǎng)對(duì)于關(guān)鍵性服務(wù)的需要，上述想法也可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.Tocalculatetheactualservicelevelusingtheperfectorderconceptrequiresperformanceoneachelementtobemonitoredandthenthepercentageachievementoneachelementismultipliedtogether.

SentenceExplanations通過使用最佳狀態(tài)的概念求出服務(wù)的真實(shí)水平，需要對(duì)每個(gè)服務(wù)要素的績(jī)效進(jìn)行測(cè)評(píng)，然后，把每個(gè)要素績(jī)效的百分比相乘。

1.Whatistheprocessofdevisinglogisticsstrategyandsystem?2.Howtoidentifycustomers'serviceneeds?3.Howtoidentifycustomers'serviceobjectives?4.Inyouropinion,explainParetoLaw.duringthetimeproductsarewarehoused.Questions

TheMissionofLogisticsManagementHowIsLogisticStrategyFitAchievedChapter3LogisticalStrategyKeypoints:

logisticsmanagementprocess;missionoflogisticsmanagementDifficultpoints:

FMS;MRPRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandthemissionoflogisticsmanagement.describelogisticsmanagementprocess.

3.1TheMissionofLogisticsManagement

TheMissionofLogisticsManagement

SupplierOperationsProcurementDistributionCustomersFIGURE3.1.1LogisticsmanagementprocessManufacturingprioritiesandobjectiveshavetypicallybeenfocusedonoperatingefficiency,achievedthroughlongproductionruns,minimizedset-upsandchange-oversandproductstandardization.SentenceExplanations傳統(tǒng)上，在生產(chǎn)中優(yōu)先考慮的因素和目標(biāo)通常聚焦于運(yùn)營(yíng)效率上，通過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的生產(chǎn)管理，建立、調(diào)節(jié)和產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化能夠使它們達(dá)到最小化，企業(yè)便能夠提高運(yùn)營(yíng)效率。

2.Ontheotherhandmarketinghassoughttoachievecompetitiveadvantagethroughvarietyhighservicelevelsandfrequentproductchanges.SentenceExplanations另一方面，營(yíng)銷必須通過努力提高服務(wù)水平和頻繁地進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品改變方能取得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

3.Theinternecinedisputesbetweenthe'barons'ofproductionandmarketinganclearlycounter-productivetotheachievementofoverallcorporategoals.

SentenceExplanations在生產(chǎn)和營(yíng)銷哪個(gè)更加重要的爭(zhēng)論中，二者的沖突必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致與公司總目標(biāo)相反的結(jié)果。

4.Notonlyisthecostofpurchasedmaterialsandsuppliesasignificantpartoftotalcostsinmostorganizations,butthereisamajoropportunityforleveragingthecapabilitiesandcompetenciesofsuppliersthroughcloserintegrationofthebuyers'andthesuppliers'logisticsprocesses.SentenceExplanations在大多數(shù)企業(yè)中，采購問題不僅決定著購買原材料的成本，它是企業(yè)總成本的重要組成部分，更重要的是通過采購者和供應(yīng)商在物流過程中更密切的整合，能夠獲得提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的機(jī)會(huì)和調(diào)控供應(yīng)商的能力。

5.Itisfundamentallyaplanningconceptthatseekstocreateaframeworkthroughwhichtheneedsofthemarketplacecanbetranslatedintoamanufacturingstrategyandplan,whichinturnlinksintoastrategyandplanforprocurement.SentenceExplanations它基本上屬于計(jì)劃觀念，主要是尋求建立一種框架，通過該框架的運(yùn)營(yíng)能夠把市場(chǎng)需要轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃，接著與公司的采購戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃相對(duì)接。

Whatislogisticsmanagementprocess?Whatisthedefinitionoflogisticsmanagement?3.Discusstheintegratedlogisticsmanagement.Questions

3.2HowIsLogisticStrategiesFitAchievedKeypoints:strategicfit;responsivesupplychain;efficientsupplychainDifficultpoints:achievingstrategicfitRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

discussthebasicstepstoachievethisstrategicfit.understandtheattributesofcustomerdemand.

ResponsiveSupplyChain

ZoneofStrategicResponsivenessFitSpectrum

EfficientSupplyChainCertainImpliedUncertainDemandUncertaintyDemandSpectrumHowIsLogisticStrategiesFitAchieved

FIGURE3.2.1FindingtheZoneofStrategicFitWhatdoesacompanyneedtodotoachievethatall-importantstrategicfitbetweenthesupplychainandcompetitivestrategies?SentenceExplanations為了在供應(yīng)鏈和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略之間達(dá)成所有重要戰(zhàn)略的相互適應(yīng)性，公司應(yīng)該做哪些工作？

2.Ifanymismatchexistsbetweenwhatthesupplychaindoesparticularlywellandthedesiredcustomerneeds,thecompanywilleitherneedtorestructurethesupplychaintosupportthecompetitivestrategyoralteritsstrategy.SentenceExplanations如果供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)勢(shì)與顧客需求之間存在任何錯(cuò)位的問題，公司要么需要重新構(gòu)筑供應(yīng)鏈以適應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略，要么需要改變其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略。

3.Creatingstrategicfitisallaboutcreatingasupplychainstrategythatbestmeetstheparticulartypeofdemandthatacompanyhastargeted.SentenceExplanations創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)略適應(yīng)性是關(guān)系到公司如何構(gòu)建最好地滿足其目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)需求的供應(yīng)鏈的戰(zhàn)略問題。

4.

ForDell,thecompetitivestrategytargetscustomerswhovaluehavingthelatestPCmodelscustomizedtotheirneeds.

SentenceExplanations對(duì)于戴爾而言，其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略應(yīng)該根據(jù)有價(jià)值的顧客來制定，即戴爾最新的PC機(jī)模型是按照這些顧客的需要定制出來的。

1.Howmanystepsdoesacompanyachievestrategicfit?2.Howtomeasurecustomerdemand?3.Whatisefficientsupplychain?4.Whatisresponsivesupplychain?Questions

InventoryFunctionalityInventoryCostPlanningInventoryChapter4InventoryStrategiesandManagementInventoryManagementPracticesKeypoints:

geographicalspecialization;decoupling;balancingsupplyanddemand;bufferinguncertainty

Difficultpoints:

fourprimefunctionsofinventoryRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletodescribetheidealsituationfromaninventoryperspective.understandfourprimefunctionsofinventory.

4.1InventoryFunctionality

Fromaninventoryperspective,theidealsituationwouldberesponsecapabilitytomanufactureproductstocustomerspecification.Whileazero-inventorymanufacturing/distributionsystemistypicallynotattainable,itisimportanttorememberthateachdollarinvestedininventoryisatrade-offwithanalternativeuseofassetsthatmayprovideabetterreturn.

InventoryFunctionality

Whileazero-inventorymanufacturing/distributionsystemistypicallynotattainable,itisimportanttorememberthateachdollarinvestedininventoryisatrade-offwithanalternativeuseofassetsthatmayprovideabetterreturn.

SentenceExplanations盡管零存貨的生產(chǎn)/分銷體系通常是很不容易生成的，重要的是要記住投資于存貨的每一美元都要與獲得更多回報(bào)的資產(chǎn)使用進(jìn)行均衡。

2.Givenaspecificmanufacturing/marketingstrategy,inventoriesplannedandcommittedtooperationscanonlybereducedtoalevelconsistentwithperformingthefourinventoryfunctions.SentenceExplanations如果有一個(gè)明確詳細(xì)的生產(chǎn)/營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略的話，存貨計(jì)劃和實(shí)施運(yùn)營(yíng)只能降低到與執(zhí)行這四個(gè)存貨功能一致的水平。

3.Withaccumulatedexperienceoveranumberofseasonalperiods,theinventoryrequiredtoachievemarginalsalesduringperiodsofhighdemandcanbeprojectedfairlywell.

SentenceExplanations由于不同季節(jié)所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在需求高峰期所需要達(dá)到邊際銷售量的存貨就能夠計(jì)劃得相當(dāng)完善。

1.Whatwouldtheidealsituationbefromaninventoryperspective?2.Whydomanyenterprisesstillcarryanaverageinventorythatexceedstheirbasicrequirements?Discussthereasonsthroughthefourprimefunctionsofinventory.3.Whatarethefourfunctionsofinventory?4.Discusshowtheinventorycreatesvalueandreducetotalcost.Questions

4.2InventoryCostKeypoints:inventorycost;cycleinventory;fixedorderingcost;holdingcostDifficultpoints:cycleinventory;fixedorderingcostRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

describecycleinventory.understandtheconceptofthefixedorderingcost.understandtheconceptofholdcost.understandtheeffectswhichshouldbeconsideredinanylotsizingdecision.

InventoryCost

H=hC

Tosummarize,thecoststhatmustbeconsideredinanylotsizingdecisionareasfollows:Averagepriceperunitpurchased,$C/unitFixedorderingcostincurredperlot,$S/lotHoldingcostincurredperunitperyear,$h/unit/year=hCBeforewecansuggestactionsthatamanagercantaketoreducecycleinventory,itisimportanttounderstandwhystagesofasupplychainproduceorpurchaseinlargelotsandhowlotsizereductionaffectssupplychainperformance.SentenceExplanations在我們能夠建議一位經(jīng)理采取降低循環(huán)存貨的行動(dòng)之前，理解其在供應(yīng)鏈中處于哪一個(gè)生產(chǎn)階段或在大批量采購中處于何種地位，以及怎樣減低生產(chǎn)或采購規(guī)模能夠影響供應(yīng)鏈的運(yùn)作是非常重要的。

2.Forexample,afixedadministrativecostmaybeincurredtoplaceanorder,atruckingcostmaybeincurredtotransporttheorder,andalaborcostincurredtoreceivetheorder.SentenceExplanations例如，因?yàn)槿ツ车赜嗀浺l(fā)生固定的管理費(fèi)用，為了運(yùn)輸或許會(huì)發(fā)生貨車裝運(yùn)費(fèi)用，接收訂單或許會(huì)發(fā)生人工費(fèi)用。

3.Theprimaryroleofcycleinventoryistoallowdifferentstagesinthesupplychaintopurchaseproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.SentenceExplanations循環(huán)存貨的主要作用是為供應(yīng)鏈的不同階段在采購產(chǎn)品時(shí)能夠在原材料、訂貨和存貨等的總體成本上達(dá)到最小化。

1.Whatiscycleinventory?2.Whatisthefixedorderingcost?3.Describetheholdingcost.4.Discusstheaffectswhichshouldbeconsideredinanylotsizingdecision.Questions

Keypoints:

safetyinventory;demanduncertainty;productavailabilityDifficultpoints:

productfillrate;orderfillrate;cycleservicelevel

Requirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto

understandsafetyinventory.describethefactorsthatdeterminetheappropriatelevelofsafetyinventory.understandhowtomeasureproductavailability.

4.3PlanningInventory

PlanningInventory

Theappropriatelevelofsafetyinventoryisdeterminedbythefollowingtwofactors:1.Theuncertaintyofdemandorsupply2.ThedesiredlevelofproductavailabilitySafetyinventoryiscarriedbecausedemandforecastsareuncertainandaproductshortagemayresultifactualdemandexceedstheforecastdemand.

SentenceExplanations安全存貨實(shí)施的原因是需求的預(yù)具有不確定性，如果實(shí)際需求超過預(yù)測(cè)需求，產(chǎn)品短缺就可能產(chǎn)生。

2.Intheabsenceofdemanduncertainty,suchapolicyensuresthatthenewlotarrivesjustasthelastpurseisbeingsoldatthestore.SentenceExplanations如果出現(xiàn)需求的變化，安全存貨政策能夠保證新貨到達(dá)時(shí)，上一批貨正好被賣完。

3.Productavailabilityreflectsafirm'sabilitytofillacustomerorderoutofavailableinventory.SentenceExplanations產(chǎn)品可用性反映出一個(gè)公司超出可用存貨之外的滿足顧客訂單的能力。

4.AssumethatB&MprovidesPalmPilotsto90percentofitscustomerfrominventory,withtheremaining10percentlosttoaneighboringcompetitorbecauseofalackofavailableinventory.

SentenceExplanations以B&M為例，90%的PalmPilots供應(yīng)均來自存貨，因?yàn)槿必洠?0%的訂貨被同類競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者搶走。

5.IfthemanageratB&Mmanagesinventorysuchthatthestoredoesnotrunoutofinventoryin6outof10replenishmentcycles,thestoreachievesacycleservicelevelof60percent.SentenceExplanationsB&M管理存貨的經(jīng)理設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)商店的60%由補(bǔ)充循環(huán)完成，那么，該商店的循環(huán)服務(wù)水平為60%。

6.Inthe60percentofcyclesinwhichB&Mdoesnotrunoutofinventory,allcustomerdemandissatisfiedfromavailableinventory.SentenceExplanations在60%的循環(huán)服務(wù)水平下，B&M的沒有發(fā)生存貨的短缺，全部顧客的需求從可得到的存貨中得到滿足。

7.Trackingorderfillratesisimportantwhencustomersplaceahighvalueontheentireorderbeingfilledsimultaneously.

SentenceExplanations當(dāng)顧客的單個(gè)訂單價(jià)值非常高，跟蹤所有產(chǎn)品填充率的同步性是非常重要的。

1.Whatissafetyinventory?2.Describethefactorswhichdeterminetheappropriatelevelofsafetyinventory.3.Explainthedemanduncertaintyinyourwords.4.Howtomeasureproductavailabilit