定語從句補(bǔ)充

定語從句定語從句是用來修飾、描述或提供有關(guān)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句信息的從句。它在整個(gè)句子中起形容詞的作用。被修飾的名詞，語法上稱作先行詞。從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不僅起引導(dǎo)定語從句、連接先行詞的作用，同時(shí)還充當(dāng)定語從句中的一個(gè)成分，如：主語、賓語、介詞賓語、表語、定語或狀語等。定語從句由下列關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)：(1)who,whom,that(2)which,that(3)whose(4)whenWherewhy1.修飾、指代人物關(guān)系代詞who，that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾、指代人物，在從句中作主語。(1)關(guān)系代詞作主語(1)Ithankthewoman.Shehelpedme.a.Ithankthewomanwhohelpedme.b.Ithankthewomanthathelpedme.(2)關(guān)系代詞作賓語關(guān)系代詞whom,who,that在從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，修飾、指代人物。Whom是賓格形式，常用于較正式的英語中。who和that常用于口語和非正式的英語中。在口語和非正式英語中更多的情況下，作動(dòng)詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞常被省略。（2）Themantoldmetocomeback.Isawhimintheoffice. a.ThemanwhomIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.b.ThemanwhoIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.c.ThemanthatIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.d.ThemanIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.我在辦公室見到的那為男士叫我回去。注意：1.引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞一定要放在從句的最前面，例如：從句whomIsawintheoffice，雖然關(guān)系代詞whom在句子中作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也應(yīng)放在從句的最前面。2.從句應(yīng)盡可能地緊跟在所修飾的名詞后面。從句whomIsawintheoffice是用來修飾theman,所以應(yīng)放在theman后面。(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，正式英語中，往往將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前面。（3）ThewomanspokeFrench.Itraveledwithher.a.ThewomanwithwhomItravelledspokeFrench.和我一起旅行的那位女士講法語。注意：在這類句子中修飾、指代人物時(shí)，只能用whom。關(guān)系代詞不可以用who或that。也不可以省略關(guān)系代詞。在口語和非正式英語中，介詞往往放在原來的位置，即：在謂語動(dòng)詞之后。在這種情況下，關(guān)系代詞可以是who/whom/that，也可以省略。b.ThewomanwhomItravelledwithspokeEnglish.c.ThewomanwhoItravelledwithspokeEnglish.d.ThewomanthatItravelledwithspokeEnglish.e.ThewomanItravelledwithspokeEnglish.2.修飾、指代事物關(guān)系代詞that,which引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾、指代事物，它們?cè)趶木渲锌梢宰骶渥拥闹髡Z也可以作賓語。(1)關(guān)系代詞作主語例句:Didyouhearabouttheearthquake?IthappenedinSanFranciscolastweek.a.DidyouhearabouttheearthquakethathappenedinSanFranciscolastweek?b.DidyouhearabouttheearthquakewhichhappenedinSanFranciscolastweek?你聽說上星期在舊金山發(fā)生的地震了嗎？關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾名詞earthquake。在從句that/whichhappenedinSanFranciscolastweek中作句子的主語?！啊弊⒁猓寒?dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)不能省略。a.b.兩例句意思一樣.Which要比that正式一些。(2)關(guān)系代詞作賓語例句:Themoviewasn’tverygood.Wesawitlastnight.a.Themoviethatwesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.b.Themoviewhichwesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.c.Themoviewesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.我們昨晚看的那部電影不怎么樣。關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞Themovie。在從句thatwesawlastnight中，that/which作動(dòng)詞saw的賓語。關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語的時(shí)候可以省略。(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語在從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞是作介詞的賓語，正式英語中需要前置，即，將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。例句:Heisstandingonachair.Isitfirmenough?a.Isthechaironwhichheisstandingfirmenough?他站的那把椅子結(jié)實(shí)嗎？onwhichheisstanding是which引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾thechair。Which在從句中作介詞on的賓語。在英語口語和非正式的英語中，介詞可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞可以用which,that,也可以省略。b.Isthechairwhichheisstandingonfirmenough?c.Isthechairthatheisstandingonfirmenough?d.Isthechairheisstandingonfirmenough?在例句b.c.d.，從句thatheisstandingon中的介詞后置，關(guān)系代詞作介詞on的賓語，可以用that/which,也可以省略。(4)應(yīng)該使用that的情況有些情況下，that不能與which交換使用。當(dāng)從句修飾不定代詞，如all,everything,something,little,much,none，theonly,those等時(shí)，必須用that來引導(dǎo)從句。在從句中that作動(dòng)詞的直接賓語時(shí)，可以省略。例:Listen,thereissomething(that)Imusttellyou.聽著，有些事情我必須告訴你。b.如果先行詞被上述不定代詞所修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞也應(yīng)用that.例:Alltheapples(that)wepickedweresenttothefactory.所有的我們摘的蘋果都送到工廠去了。c.如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾，從句應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。例:Thisisthebestnovel(that)Iknow.這是我所知道的最好的一部小說。d.如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞所修飾，從句應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。例:ThefirstEnglishfilmthatinterestedmewasGonewiththeWind.第一部使我感興趣的英文電影是“飄”。3.表示所有格關(guān)系whose用來表示所屬關(guān)系，它的意思相當(dāng)于：his,her,its,their等等。Whose可以用來修飾人，也可以修飾物。whose和它所修飾的名詞都置于句首。(1)修飾人物Themancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.ａ．Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice.錢包被竊的那個(gè)男人給警察打了電話。Whose引導(dǎo)的從句whosewalletwasstolen，修飾theman.Whose在從句中起定語作用，修飾wallet，意思是his。(2)修飾事物(2)I’mworkinginthehouse.Itswallsaremadeofglass.(Thewallsofthehousearemadeofglass.)a.I’mworkinginthehousewhosewallsaremadeofglass.我在那座四面墻都是玻璃的房子里工作。whosewalls=thewallsofthehousewhose=ofwhich4.修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞When引導(dǎo)的從句往往是用來修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,year,month,day,century等等。When在從句中起時(shí)間狀語的作用。（1）I’llneverforgettheday.Imetyouthen(onthatday).a.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.b.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了見到你的那一天。例句a.中when引導(dǎo)的從句修飾theday.When在從句中起時(shí)間狀語的作用，意思是ontheday.因此，when可以用onwhich替代。（2）1949istheyear.ThenewChinawasfoundedthen(inthatyear).a.1949istheyearwhenthenewChinawasfounded.b.1949istheyearinwhichthenewChinawasfounded.When引導(dǎo)的從句修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞theyear.1949年是新中國成立的那一年。When在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，意思是inthatyear.在此句中，when可以用inwhich來替換。看例句b.在句中，which指代的是theyear.(3)7:50isthetime.Myplanearrivesthen(atthattime).a.7:50isthetimewhenmyplanearrives.b.7:50isthetimeatwhichmyplanearrives.7:50是我乘坐的飛機(jī)到達(dá)的時(shí)間。When引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞thetime,when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。意思是atthattime.在這句話中，when可以用atwhich替代。5.修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞Where引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，例如：city,country,room,house等等。Where在從句中起地點(diǎn)狀語的作用。(1)Thebuildingisveryold.Helivesthere(inthatbuilding).a.Thebuildingwherehelivesisveryold.b.Thebuildinginwhichhelivesisveryold.c.Thebuildingwhichhelivesinisveryold.d.Thebuildingthathelivesinisveryold.e.Thebuildinghelivesinisveryold.他住的那座樓很舊。a.Where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞building.Where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，意思是inthatbuilding.b.介詞前置。c.d.e.介詞在原來的位置上。如果用where引導(dǎo)從句修飾名詞，從句中就不必使用介詞。否則就必須使用介詞。（2）Thatisthepark.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicthere(atthatpark).a.Thatistheparkwherewearegoingtohaveapicnic.b.Thatistheparkatwhichwearegoingtohaveapicnic.c.Thatistheparkwhichwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.d.Thatistheparkthatwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.e.Thatistheparkwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.那就是我們將去吃野餐的公園。（我們將在那個(gè)公園吃野餐）。Where的意思是atthepark,可以用atwhich替換。定語從句練習(xí)：1.All_____isneededismoretime.A.whichB.thatC.whereD./2.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.whichB./ C.thatD.it3.Those_____notonlyfrombooksbutthroughpracticewillsucceed.A.wholearnB.whoC.wholearnsD.that4.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all5.Thisisjusttheplace_____wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.why6.Thisisthehotel_____lastyear.A.wherewestayedB.atwhichwestayeditC.whichwestayedD.wherewestayedat7.Isthatthereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whatB.ofwhichC.whyD.for8.Thedoctor_____shesentherfriendisveryfamous.A.towhomB.towhoseC.whomD.atwhom9.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.it10.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudents_____thetruth.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.thatknowD.whichknows11._____,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.A.Itisknowntoall B.AsisknowntoallC.Itisknownthat D.Weallknow12.Hewasaforeigner,_____Iknewfromhisaccent.A.whichB.asC.thatD.AandB13.Doyouknowthegirl_____?A.whomheoftentalkto B.towhoheoftentalksC.tothatheoftentalks D.heoftentalksto14.Theworld_____weliveismadeupofmatter.A.onwhichB.ofwhich C.atwhichD.inwhich15.Theforeignguests,_____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthem B.mostofthat C.mostof