河南省天一大聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語答案

第1頁/共1頁絕密★啟用前大聯(lián)考2024—2025學(xué)年(上)高三年級期末檢測英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inastore.B.Athome.C.Inarestaurant.2.Whendoesthemanplantoreachthecinema?A.At6:40.B.At6:50.C.At7:00.3.Howdidthemanfinallyarrive?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Professorandstudent.5.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.Watchingafootballgame.B.Havingaparty.C.Discussingaplan.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Fromwhomdidthemangetthenews?A.Anne.B.Max.C.Cynthia.7.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthewoman?A.Shefeelsexcitedtogetapayrise.B.Sheisn’twillingtoleaveherpresentjob.C.Shehatesthosewhospreadnewsaround.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemantalkwiththewoman?AToaskaboutsportsfacilitiesoncampus.B.Tosignupforthefootballclub.C.Tohelppromoteanactivity.9.Whatdoesthewomanrequirethemantodo?A.Completeaform.B.Showhiscertificate.C.Comearoundlater.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Callagaininoneweek.B.Designaselectionplan.C.Waitforfurthernotice.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’sthemosturgentthingfortheman?A.Bookingameetingroom.B.Preparingpresentsforcustomers.C.Contactingsomecustomers.12.Howwillthewomaninformothersofthemeeting?A.Byletter.B.Byemail.C.Byphone.13.Whatwillthemandonextmonth?A.Giveapresentation.B.GotoGermany.C.Reviseaproject.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthemandointhedowntown?A.Hedidsomeshopping.B.Hevisitedamuseum.C.Hewenttoaconcert.15.Whatwasthemostimpressiveaccordingtotheman?A.Thedances.B.Thecostumes.C.Thefeelings.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheticketprice?A.Itistoohigh.B.Itisreasonable.C.Itislow.17.Howdoesthewomansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Interested.B.Shocked.C.Doubtful.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatwillpeopledoonWorldLaughterDay?A.Laughwithothers.B.Invitefriendstodinner.C.Visitlaughterclubs.19.WheredidthefirstWorldLaughterDaytakeplace?A.InDenmark.B.InIndia.C.InAmerica.20.WhatisLaughterYogagoodfor?A.Physicalandmentalhealth.B.Formationofgoodcharacters.C.Interpersonalrelationships.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ALibrariescangivepeopleknowledge,andvisitingthemcanbeanenjoyableexperience.Belowaresomefineonesintheworld.MediathequeSandroPenna—Perugia,ItalyThebuilding,whichwasfinishedin2004andshowcasesaspace-agedesign,isthecreationofItaloRota,anarchitectinMilan.Itspinkglassontheoutsideglows(發(fā)光)atnight.Inside,there’salsoatouchofcolorgivenbyfurnitureinthechildren’sarea.Soundinsulation(隔音)helpscreateanenvironmentperfectforreadingandstudy.AdmontAbbeyLibrary—Admont,AustriaSituatedontheEnnsRiverinsoutheastAustria,thelibraryofAdmontAbbey,constructedin1776,isbreathtakinginitsbeauty.BaroquearchitectJosephHueberwastaskedwithdevelopingthedesignforthehall.Impressiveingoldandwhitecolors,thelibraryiscrownedwithsevendomes(穹頂)whoseceilingspacerepresentsdifferentphasesofhumanknowledge.Handelingenkamer—TheHague,TheNetherlandsTheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(議會),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.Thiscanbeseeninitsred,greenandgoldcoloraswellasthedragonheadsdottingthewallsandtheshapesformedbytheironwork.Meanwhile,thisbeautyistoppedwithaglassdomethatallowsnaturallighttofillthespace,makingiteasyforvisitorstoreadduringtheday.WiblinglenAbbeyLibrary—Ulm,GermanyIfyouwanttofindatrulyamazinglibrary,avisittoWiblinglenAbbeyLibraryprobablywon’tdisappoint.NativepainterFranzMartinKühn’sgorgeousceilingpaintingstopabrightlycolored,andcomplicatedlydecoratedspacethatwasdesignedbyChristianWiedemannandissaidtobefamousthroughoutsouthernGermanyforitsRococostyle.Itwascompletedin1744.1.WhowillbeinterestedinMediathequeSandroPenna?A.Adultswhowanttoreadinaquietplace.B.Childrenwhopreferstudyingunderglassdomes.C.HistorianswhospecializeinstudyingRenaissance.D.Architectswhoareenthusiasticabouthistoricalbuildings.2.WhatdoesthetextsayaboutHandelingenkamer?A.Itfeaturesaroundreddome.B.IthasadesigninfluencedbyChineseart.C.Itwasdecoratedbyafamousnativepainter.D.ItwascompletedwiththehelpoftheDutchParliament.3.Whichlibraryhasthelongesthistory?A.AdmontAbbeyLibrary. B.Handelingenkamer.C.MediathequeSandroPenna. D.WiblinglenAbbeyLibrary.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個圖書館的特色以及歷史?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Soundinsulation(隔音)helpscreateanenvironmentperfectforreadingandstudy.(隔音有助于創(chuàng)造一個完美的閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境)”可知，想在安靜的地方閱讀的成年人會對桑德羅·佩納媒體中心感興趣。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(議會),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.(Handelingenkamer圖書館建于19世紀(jì)末，可能屬于荷蘭議會，但其引人注目的文藝復(fù)興設(shè)計實際上受到了中國藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)造性影響)”可知，Handelingenkamer的設(shè)計受到中國藝術(shù)的影響。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebuilding,whichwasfinishedin2004andshowcasesaspace-agedesign,isthecreationofItaloRota,anarchitectinMilan.(這座建筑于2004年完工，展示了太空時代的設(shè)計風(fēng)格，是米蘭建筑師伊塔洛·羅塔的作品)”；第三段“SituatedontheEnnsRiverinsoutheastAustria,thelibraryofAdmontAbbey,constructedin1776,isbreathtakinginitsbeauty.(建于1776年的阿德蒙特修道院圖書館坐落在奧地利東南部的恩斯河上，美得令人嘆為觀止)”；第四段“TheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(議會),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.(Handelingenkamer圖書館建于19世紀(jì)末，可能屬于荷蘭議會，但其引人注目的文藝復(fù)興設(shè)計實際上受到了中國藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)造性影響)”以及最后一段“Itwascompletedin1744.(它于1744年完工)”可知，威布林倫修道院圖書館歷史最悠久。故選D。BBeginninginVeniceonApril26,2022,ItalianhikerViennaCammarotaarrivedinChinalastmonth,thelaststopofherjourneytotheEast,travellingmorethan20,000kilometers.Withasimplebackpackandtwohikingpoles,CammarotaexperiencedajourneyfromItalyacrossSlovenia,Croatia,Serbia,Bulgaria,Turkiye,Georgia,Iran,Turkmenistan,Azerbaijan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan,andKazakhstantoKyrgyzstan.InspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotravelledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadin1275,Cammarotasetofffromthelegendaryexplorer’shometownofVenicetoretracetherouteonfoot.“MarcoPololivedinChinafor17yearsandinhistravelog,heprovideddetaileddescriptionsofthecountry,whichallowedWesternerstolearnaboutthecharmofthisEasternnationforthefirsttime,”Cammarotasays.SheaddsthatshehopestoseemoreofmodernChinabyfollowinginMarcoPolo’sfootsteps.Asahiker,Cammarotahaspaidspecialattentiontoroadandbridgeconstructions,amongwhichshewasimpressedbythePeljesacBridgeinCroatia,aprojectbuiltbyaunionledbytheChinaRoadandBridgeCorporation.“WhenIseethesebuildings,Ifeelmyheartswellwithexcitement.It’sonlybywitnessingthemfirst-handthatyoucantrulygrasptheirincrediblenatureandcanbeshockedbytheirgreatness,”shesays.ShebeganstudyingTheTravelsofMarcoPoloin2000andplannedtoretraceMarcoPolo’sroutealongtheSilkRoad.Hergoalistoexperiencetheprofoundculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))ofChinesecivilization,witnessthedevelopmentandachievementsofmodernChina,andmostimportantly,callforglobalharmonyandinclusivenessbybringingintomodernviewtheSilkRoadhistoryandspirittoboostdialogueandunderstandingbetweentheEastandtheWest.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutCammarota’sjourney?A.Itcoveredalongdistance. B.ThefinalstopofitisKyrgyzstan.C.ShearrivedinChinaonApril26,2022. D.Shegotsupportfrommanystrangersduringit.5.What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A.China’sappealtoWesterners.B.MarcoPolo’sexperienceinChina.C.ThereasonsandhopeforCammarota’stravel.D.ThepreparationsCammarotamadeforhertravel.6.HowdidCammarotaprobablyfeelabouttheconstructionsinCroatia?A.Curiousandgrateful. B.Proudandsatisfied.C.Excitedandastonished. D.Relievedandconfident.7.WhatisthemaingoalofCammarota’sjourney?A.Toenrichherlife. B.Topromoteharmonyintheworld.C.Tochallengeherselfphysically. D.TolearnmoreabouttheSilkRoad.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了意大利徒步旅行者ViennaCammarota沿著馬可·波羅的足跡，從威尼斯出發(fā)，經(jīng)過多個國家，最終到達(dá)中國的徒步旅行經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“BeginninginVeniceonApril26,2022,ItalianhikerViennaCammarotaarrivedinChinalastmonth,thelaststopofherjourneytotheEast,travellingmorethan20,000kilometers.(2022年4月26日，意大利徒步旅行者ViennaCammarota從威尼斯出發(fā)，上個月抵達(dá)中國，這是她東方之旅的最后一站，行程超過2萬公里)”可知，ViennaCammarota的旅程超過2萬公里，距離很長。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“InspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotravelledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadin1275,Cammarotasetofffromthelegendaryexplorer’shometownofVenicetoretracetherouteonfoot.“MarcoPololivedinChinafor17yearsandinhistravelog,heprovideddetaileddescriptionsofthecountry,whichallowedWesternerstolearnaboutthecharmofthisEasternnationforthefirsttime,”Cammarotasays.SheaddsthatshehopestoseemoreofmodernChinabyfollowinginMarcoPolo’sfootsteps.(受1275年沿古代絲綢之路前往中國的馬可?波羅的啟發(fā)，Cammarota從這位傳奇探險家的故鄉(xiāng)威尼斯出發(fā)，徒步重走這條路線?！榜R可?波羅在中國生活了17年，他在游記中對這個國家進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)描述，讓西方人首次領(lǐng)略到這個東方國家的魅力?！盋ammarota說道。她還表示，希望通過追隨馬可?波羅的腳步，更多地了解現(xiàn)代中國)”可知，第二段前半部分提到Cammarota受馬可?波羅啟發(fā)，從威尼斯出發(fā)重走路線，這是她旅行的原因；后半部分提到她希望通過追隨馬可?波羅的腳步更多地了解現(xiàn)代中國，這是她旅行的希望，所以該段主要講述了Cammarota旅行的原因和希望。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““WhenIseethesebuildings,Ifeelmyheartswellwithexcitement.It’sonlybywitnessingthemfirst-handthatyoucantrulygrasptheirincrediblenatureandcanbeshockedbytheirgreatness,”shesays.(“當(dāng)我看到這些建筑時，內(nèi)心激動不已。只有親眼目睹，你才能真正領(lǐng)會它們的非凡之處，并為其偉大而震撼?！彼f)”可知，她看到這些建筑時內(nèi)心激動，并且為它們的偉大而震驚。故選C。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hergoalistoexperiencetheprofoundculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))ofChinesecivilization,witnessthedevelopmentandachievementsofmodernChina,andmostimportantly,callforglobalharmonyandinclusivenessbybringingintomodernviewtheSilkRoadhistoryandspirittoboostdialogueandunderstandingbetweentheEastandtheWest.(她的目標(biāo)是體驗中華文明深厚的文化遺產(chǎn)，見證現(xiàn)代中國的發(fā)展與成就，而最重要的是，以現(xiàn)代視角重現(xiàn)絲綢之路的歷史與精神，促進(jìn)東西方之間的對話與理解，倡導(dǎo)全球和諧與包容)”可知，Cammarota此次旅行最重要的目標(biāo)是倡導(dǎo)全球和諧與包容，促進(jìn)東西方對話與理解，也就是推動世界和諧。故選B。CElephants,thelargestlandmammalsontheplanet,aremagnificentcreaturesandtouristsrushtoAfricancountriestoseethem.Duetoverysuccessfulconservationefforts,theAfricanelephantpopulationincountrieslikeKenyaisgrowing.Inthecountry’spopularTsavoNationalPark,elephantnumberswentfromaround6,000toalmost15,000in2021.Whilethisisgreatnewsforconservationists,it’snotseenthatwaybyfarmerswholiveinbetweentwopartsofthepark.Thehumanpopulationhasalsoexpandedandthismeansthatitaffectselephants’feedingandmigrationareas.Thishasledtoconflictsbetweenhumansandelephants,sometimesresultinginelephantdeaths.Nowanewsolutionusinghoneybeeshasbeenfoundtokeeptheelephantsawayfromfarms.Thisunlikelysolutionispartofalong-runningprojectfromtheSavetheElephantsorganization.ThesoundofAfricanhoneybeespreventselephants.Nowyellow-paintedbeehive(蜂巢)fencesprotectsomeofthelocalplots.Theprojectissupporting40farmerswhosecropsareprotectedby15hives.Eachofthehivesisstrungonawireafewmetersofftheground.Thisprotectsthemfrominsectsandallowsthemtoshakeiftheyaredisturbedbyanelephant,whichstartsthebeesmakingsounds.Thisscarestheelephantaway.Anine-yearstudymonitored26farmsthatwereprotectedbythebeehivefencesintwovillagesnearthepark.Duringthepeakgrowingseasons—NovembertoJanuaryfrom2014to2020—3,027elephantsapproachedthefencesandmostwereprevented.Duringthedroughtof2017,whichreducedthenumberofbeesinthehivesby75percent,elephantswerestillprevented76percentofthetime.SavetheElephantsisnowpromotingbeehivefencesin15countriesinAfricaandAsia.Butbesidespreventingelephants,thebeehivefencescanprovideotherbenefitstocommunities.Beesprovidepollination(授粉)serviceswhichcanincreasecropproductionandhoneyfromthehivesthatfarmerscanselltoincreasetheirincome.Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.8.Whatcanbeknownfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.SomefarmersinKenyahuntelephantsforaliving.B.Kenya’selephantconservationeffortshardlypayoff.C.Theriseinelephantpopulationsisactuallyatwo-edgedsword.D.Theexpandinghumanpopulationmakeselephantsendangered.9.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinlistingthefiguresinparagraph4?A.Toshowthepopularityofbeehivefences.B.Todemonstratetheeffectivenessofbeehivefences.C.ToemphasizethelargenumberofbeeslivinginAfrica.D.Todisplaytheeffectofclimatechangeonthenovelsolution.10.Whichstatementaboutbeehivefenceswilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Theyfailtomeetthefarmers’expectations.B.Theyturnouttobetheoriginalcreationsoflocalfarmers.C.Theybringabouteconomicbenefitsbyboostingtourism.D.Theycontributetothecoexistenceofhumansandelephants.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheGrowthofAfricanElephantPopulationB.TheImportanceofSavingAfricanElephantsC.ImpactsofClimateChangeonElephantHabitatD.InnovativeSolutiontoElephant-HumanConflict【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了隨著大象數(shù)量增多，人類與大象產(chǎn)生了爭奪土地的沖突，為此人們想到了利用蜂巢柵欄來讓人類和大象的共存?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duetoverysuccessfulconservationefforts,theAfricanelephantpopulationincountrieslikeKenyaisgrowing.Inthecountry’spopularTsavoNationalPark,elephantnumberswentfromaround6,000toalmost15,000in2021.(由于非常成功的保護(hù)工作，非洲象的數(shù)量在肯尼亞等國家正在增長。在該國頗受歡迎的察沃國家公園，大象的數(shù)量從約6000頭增加到2021年的近15000頭)”以及第二段“Thehumanpopulationhasalsoexpandedandthismeansthatitaffectselephants’feedingandmigrationareas.Thishasledtoconflictsbetweenhumansandelephants,sometimesresultinginelephantdeaths.(人口也在增長，這意味著它影響了大象的覓食和遷徙區(qū)域。這導(dǎo)致了人類和大象之間的沖突，有時甚至導(dǎo)致大象死亡)”可知，大象數(shù)量的增加實際上是一把雙刃劍。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Anine-yearstudymonitored26farmsthatwereprotectedbythebeehivefencesintwovillagesnearthepark.Duringthepeakgrowingseasons—NovembertoJanuaryfrom2014to2020—3,027elephantsapproachedthefencesandmostwereprevented.Duringthedroughtof2017,whichreducedthenumberofbeesinthehivesby75percent,elephantswerestillprevented76percentofthetime.(一項為期9年的研究監(jiān)測了公園附近兩個村莊的26個農(nóng)場，這些農(nóng)場受到蜂巢圍欄的保護(hù)。在2014年至2020年的生長旺季（11月至1月），有3027頭大象接近圍欄，大多數(shù)都被阻止了。在2017年的干旱期間，蜂巢中的蜜蜂數(shù)量減少了75%，但76%的大象仍然被阻止)”可知，作者在第4段列出這些數(shù)字的主要目的是證明蜂窩柵欄的有效性。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.(雖然這個解決方案并不完美，并且受到氣候變化和干旱的負(fù)面影響，但它確實表明大象和人類可以在沒有沖突的情況下共享土地)”可知，蜂巢柵欄有助于人類和大象的共存。故選D。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nowanewsolutionusinghoneybeeshasbeenfoundtokeeptheelephantsawayfromfarms.(現(xiàn)在，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用蜜蜂讓大象遠(yuǎn)離農(nóng)場的新方法)”以及最后一段“Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.(雖然這個解決方案并不完美，并且受到氣候變化和干旱的負(fù)面影響，但它確實表明大象和人類可以在沒有沖突的情況下共享土地)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了隨著大象數(shù)量增多，人類與大象產(chǎn)生了爭奪土地的沖突，為此人們想到了利用蜂巢柵欄來讓人類和大象的共存?？芍珼選項“大象與人類沖突的創(chuàng)新解決方案”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DIfyouaskChatGPTwhatitthinksaboutBlackpeople,it’llusewordslike“ambitious”and“intelligent”.OtherformsofgenerativeAI—whichalmostseemtothinkforthemselves—willdothesame.However,whenyouasktheseAItoolswhattheythinkaboutpeoplewhouseAfricanAmericanEnglish,theytendtousewordslike“suspicious”“aggressive”and“ignorant.”ValentinHofmannattheUniversityofOxfordispartofateamthathasjustsharedthesenewfindings.Thishiddenracism(種族歧視)inAImodelsmirrorstheprejudicepresentinmodernsociety,herteamsays.Inthepast,Blackpeoplefacedmoreopenracism.Itoftenshowedupasunfairlawsoractsofviolence.Today,thatprejudicecanbemoresecret.Peoplemayclaimnottoseeskincolor—butstillholdracistbeliefs,thestudyauthorswrite.Theirnewevidenceshowsthatchatbotsdothesame.Andsuchhiddenprejudice,theysay,couldcauseseriousharm.Thenewstudybuildsonaseriesofexperimentsconductedin1933,1951,1969and2012.Inthosestudies,onegroupofpeoplehadtochoosefivewordsthatdescribeddifferentracialgroupsfromalistof84words.Aseparategroupofpeopleratedthosewordsonascalethatranfrom-2(leastfavorable)to+2(mostfavorable).“Cruel,”forexample,gotaratingof-1.81.“Brilliant”wasrated1.86.Gradually,wordsthatparticipantsintheseexperimentschosetodescribeBlackpeoplebecamemorepositive.In1933,thosetermswereratedroughly-1819.2012,theyrankedjustabovezero.Foritsnewstudy,theteamusedasimilarsetuptotestAImodelsforopen—orobvious—racism.Theyalsousedittotestforhiddenracism.TheteamfoundthathiddenprejudicesshoweveninAImodelsreleasedinthelastfewyearsalthoughthosemodelsaretrainedbypeckintentionallytryingtoscrubracisminthechatbots’responses.TechcompanieshadhopedthathavingpeoplereviewAI-writtentextwouldreducechatbotracism,saysSivaReddy,acomputationallinguistatMeGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.TheideawasthatAIracismwouldbecaughtandcorrectedwhilemodelswerestillbeingtrained.“Andfindalltheseproblemsandputpatches(補丁)totheAI,”Reddysays.“Butmoreresearchneededtosortouthowpeoplecanidentifyprejudicesdeeplyrootedinsociety—and,asaresultthesemodels.OnlythencanwecreatetrulyunprejudicedAIratherthanAIthatjustfindswaystohideitsracism.”12.WhathasValentinHofmann’steamfoundaboutChatGPTandotherAItools?A.Theyareabletothinkforthemselves. B.Theyshowsomehiddenracialprejudice.C.Theyhaveapreferenceforcomplexwords. D.Theyjudgeapersonbythecoloroftheirskin.13Whatdotheexperimentsmentionedinparagraph3show?A.Blackpeopletooknegativewordslightly.B.Blackpeople’ssocialclasshasbeenontherise.C.People’sattitudetoBlackpeoplechangedwithtime.D.Peoplebecamemoreandmorefriendlytoeachother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scrub”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Cleanup. B.Payattentionto. C.Figureout. D.Losesightof.15.WhatdoReddy’swordsinthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.HowtocreatetrulyunprejudicedAI. B.HowtosolveproblemsrelatedtoAI.C.Themeaningofidentifyinghiddenracism. D.TheimportanceofdevelopingunprejudicedAI.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人工智能工具中表現(xiàn)出了某種隱藏的種族偏見，分析了原因以及解決方案?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ValentinHofmannattheUniversityofOxfordispartofateamthathasjustsharedthesenewfindings.Thishiddenracism(種族歧視)inAImodelsmirrorstheprejudicepresentinmodernsociety,herteamsays.(牛津大學(xué)的瓦倫丁·霍夫曼是剛剛分享了這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個團(tuán)隊的成員。她的團(tuán)隊表示，人工智能模型中隱藏的種族主義反映了現(xiàn)代社會中存在的偏見)”可知，ValentinHofmann的團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)ChatGPT和其他人工智能工具表現(xiàn)出某種隱藏的種族偏見。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thenewstudybuildsonaseriesofexperimentsconductedin1933,1951,1969and2012.Inthosestudies,onegroupofpeoplehadtochoosefivewordsthatdescribeddifferentracialgroupsfromalistof84words.Aseparategroupofpeopleratedthosewordsonascalethatranfrom-2(leastfavorable)to+2(mostfavorable).“Cruel,”forexample,gotaratingof-1.81.“Brilliant”wasrated1.86.Gradually,wordsthatparticipantsintheseexperimentschosetodescribeBlackpeoplebecamemorepositive.In1933,thosetermswereratedroughly-1819.2012,theyrankedjustabovezero.(這項新研究建立在1933年、1951年、1969年和2012年進(jìn)行的一系列實驗的基礎(chǔ)上。在這些研究中，一組人必須從84個單詞中選擇5個描述不同種族的單詞。另一組人根據(jù)從-2（最不喜歡）到+2（最喜歡）的范圍對這些詞進(jìn)行評分。例如，“殘忍”的評分為-1.81。“輝煌”的評分為1.86。漸漸地，實驗參與者選擇用來描述黑人的詞語變得更加積極。1933年，這些指標(biāo)的評級約為-1819。2012年，它們的評級略高于零)”可知，第三段提到的實驗表明了人們對黑人的態(tài)度隨著時間的推移而改變。故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Foritsnewstudy,theteamusedasimilarsetuptotestAImodelsforopen—orobvious—racism.Theyalsousedittotestforhiddenracism.(在新的研究中，該團(tuán)隊使用了類似的設(shè)置來測試人工智能模型是否存在公開或明顯的種族主義。他們還用它來測試隱藏的種族主義)”以及劃線上文“TheteamfoundthathiddenprejudicesshoweveninAImodelsreleasedinthelastfewyearsalthoughthosemodelsaretrainedbypeckintentionallytryingto”中although表示轉(zhuǎn)折，以及后文“racisminthechatbots’responses(聊天機(jī)器人回應(yīng)中的種族主義)”可知，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在過去幾年發(fā)布的人工智能模型中，隱藏的偏見也會顯現(xiàn)出來，盡管這些模型是由peck故意訓(xùn)練的，試圖消除聊天機(jī)器人回答中的種族主義。故劃線詞意思是“清除”。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Andfindalltheseproblemsandputpatches(補丁)totheAI,”Reddysays.“Butmoreresearchneededtosortouthowpeoplecanidentifyprejudicesdeeplyrootedinsociety—and,asaresultthesemodels.OnlythencanwecreatetrulyunprejudicedAIratherthanAIthatjustfindswaystohideitsracism.”(“找到所有這些問題，給人工智能打補丁，”雷迪說?！暗枰嗟难芯縼砼宄藗?nèi)绾巫R別根深蒂固的社會偏見，以及這些模型的結(jié)果?！敝挥羞@樣，我們才能創(chuàng)造出真正沒有偏見的人工智能，而不是那些只會想方設(shè)法隱藏種族主義的人工智能?！?”可推知，Reddy在最后一段主要講的是如何創(chuàng)造真正無偏見的AI。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheDiderotEffectiswhathappenswhenanewpossessionmakesouroldthingslookbadsowefeelaneedtoreplacethemall.Youbuyyourkidsnewbackpacksforschoolandtheycomplainthattheirpencilcasesandlunchbagsdon’tmatch,soyoubuythemnewpencilcasesandlunchbags.Then,ofcourse,youcan’tputtheiroldpencilsinnewpencilcasessoyoubuynewpencils,andpens.____16____Thiscycleofreplacingolditemswithnewonescanbeendless,andevenifwe’veneverheardthenamebefore,it’shardtodenytheimpactoftheDiderotEffectonourlives.So,whatstepscanyoutaketobreakthisendlesscycleofconsumption?Recognizeitbeforeithappens.____17____Don’tleteverynewitemstartanendlessspiralofpurchases.Eachtimeyoubuysomethingnew,remindyourselfthattheotheritemsyou’refeelingtempted(被引誘的)toreplacewereperfectlyfineuntilnow—andprobablystillare.Buynewitemsthatfitwhatyoualreadyhave.Whenyoudoneedtobuysomethingnew,findingpiecesthatfitwhatyoualreadyownwillreducethetemptationtoreplaceperfectlygoodthings.Forexample,addanewpieceoffurniturethatmatchesyourexistingroomdecor(裝飾風(fēng)格).Otherwise,you’llneedtobuyeverythingnew.____18____Practisemindfulshopping.Mindfulshoppingisaboutbeingfullyawareofyourthoughtsandfeelingsbeforepurchasinganewitem.____19____Thatis,beforebuyinganything,stopandaskyourselfafewmindfulshoppingquestions.Ninety-ninetimesoutofahundred,you’lldecideyoudon’treallyneedtheitem.____20____Despitewhatmarketerswantyoutobelieve,it’sgoodtoremindyourselfthatmaterialpossessionsdon’tdefineyourself-worth.Ensureyoubuyitemsbecauseyoureallyneedorwantthem,andnotjusttoimpressyoursocialcircle.A.Letgoofwantingthings.B.Rememberthatthingsarejustthings.C.Howcanwereducethechancesofout-of-controlspending?D.Doyouseehowthispatterncanleadtounnecessaryspending?E.Itrequiresyoutoquestionifyoutrulyneedsomething.F.Thisisbecausethenewpiecemismatchesyourexistingstyle.G.ThefirststeptobreakingthecycleistobeawareoftheDiderotEffectandpreventit.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了什么是“狄德羅效應(yīng)”以及如何避免無休止的消費循環(huán)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“TheDiderotEffectiswhathappenswhenanewpossessionmakesouroldthingslookbadsowefeelaneedtoreplacethemall.Youbuyyourkidsnewbackpacksforschoolandtheycomplainthattheirpencilcasesandlunchbagsdon’tmatch,soyoubuythemnewpencilcasesandlunchbags.Then,ofcourse,youcan’tputtheiroldpencilsinnewpencilcasessoyoubuynewpencils,andpens.(“狄德羅效應(yīng)”指的是，當(dāng)一件新東西讓我們的舊東西看起來很糟糕，所以我們覺得有必要把它們?nèi)刻鎿Q掉。你給孩子們買了新的書包，他們抱怨鉛筆盒和午餐袋不匹配，所以你給他們買了新的鉛筆盒和午餐袋。然后，當(dāng)然，你不能把他們的舊鉛筆放在新的鉛筆盒里，所以你買新的鉛筆和鋼筆)”以及后文“Thiscycleofreplacingolditemswithnewonescanbeendless,andevenifwe’veneverheardthenamebefore,it’shardtodenytheimpactoftheDiderotEffectonourlives.So,whatstepscanyoutaketobreakthisendlesscycleofconsumption?(這種以舊換新的循環(huán)可能是無止境的，即使我們以前從未聽說過這個名字，也很難否認(rèn)狄德羅效應(yīng)對我們生活的影響。那么，你可以采取哪些措施來打破這種無休止的消費循環(huán)呢？)”可知，上文解釋了一種購物效應(yīng)，推測本句應(yīng)說明這種效應(yīng)所帶來的影響。故D選項“你知道這種模式會導(dǎo)致不必要的開支嗎”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Recognizeitbeforeithappens.(在它發(fā)生之前意識到它)”以及后文“Don’tleteverynewitemstartanendlessspiralofpurchases.Eachtimeyoubuysomethingnew,remindyourselfthattheotheritemsyou’refeelingtempted(被引誘的)toreplacewereperfectlyfineuntilnow—andprobablystillare.(不要讓每一件新物品都引發(fā)無休止的購買。每次你買新東西的時候，提醒自己那些你想要替換的東西直到現(xiàn)在都很好——可能現(xiàn)在仍然很好)”可知，后文提到不要讓每一件新物品都引發(fā)無休止的購買，提醒自己那些你想要替換的東西直到現(xiàn)在都很好，說明了預(yù)先提醒自己不要過多消費，加以預(yù)防。故G選項“打破這個循環(huán)的第一步是意識到狄德羅效應(yīng)并加以預(yù)防”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyoudoneedtobuysomethingnew,findingpiecesthatfitwhatyoualreadyownwillreducethetemptationtoreplaceperfectlygoodthings.Forexample,addanewpieceoffurniturethatmatchesyourexistingroomdecor(裝飾風(fēng)格).Otherwise,you’llneedtobuyeverythingnew.(當(dāng)你確實需要買新東西的時候，找一些適合你已經(jīng)擁有的東西會減少你更換完美的東西的誘惑。例如，添加一件與你現(xiàn)有房間裝飾相匹配的新家具。否則，你所有東西就得買新的了)”可知，上文提到了買了新家具所有東西就得買新的，本句承接上文，說明會發(fā)生這種情況的原因。故F選項“這是因為這件新家具和你現(xiàn)有的款式不匹配”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mindfulshoppingisaboutbeingfullyawareofyourthoughtsandfeelingsbeforepurchasinganewitem.(有意識購物是指在購買新物品之前充分意識到自己的想法和感受)”可知，上文提到了有意識購物的概念，推測本句承接上文，說明有意識購物的內(nèi)在要求，E選項中It指代上文Mindfulshopping。故E選項“它要求你質(zhì)疑自己是否真的需要某樣?xùn)|西”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Despitewhatmarketerswantyoutobelieve,it’sgoodtoremindyourselfthatmaterialpossessionsdon’tdefineyourself-worth.Ensureyoubuyitemsbecauseyoureallyneedor