上海市閔行區(qū)2022-2023學年高三上學期一模試題（1月）+英語 含答案

2022學年第一學期高三年級質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試英語試卷考生注意：1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本次考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務必在答題紙規(guī)定的地方張貼條形碼并填寫考生號和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.$10. B.$15. C .$25. D.$35.2. A.Themanhasn’tfinishedthebookshelf. B.Thebookshelfishardtomake. C.It’slikelythatthemanhaslostthetools. D.Themanhatestolendtoolstoothers.3. A.Tohisownoffice. B.Toameetingroom. C.Tothemanager’soffice. D.Tothefrontdesk.4. A.Themanenjoyedeveryminuteoftheshow. B.Thewomanfeltamusedintheend. C.Themanmissedpartoftheshow. D.Thetwospeakersdislikedtheshow.5. A.Convincing. B.Sensitive. C.Thoughtful. D .Informative.6. A.Howtofixtherefrigerator. B.Buyinganewrefrigerator.C.Wheretoputthenewrefrigerator. D.Advertisingforrefrigerators. 7. A.Hedoesn’tlikethenewcanteen. B.Heiswillingtotryoutthenewcanteen. C.HethinksthenewcanteenisOK. D.Hehasneverbeentothenewcanteen.8. A.Pressingtheemergencybutton. B.Restartingtheelevator. C.Callingtheservicecenter. D.Waitingforashortwhile.9. A.Tennisisdifficulttolearn. B.It’stoolateforthemantolearntennis. C.Sheadvisedthemantotryanewsport. D.Themanshouldgiveuptennis.10. A.Thewomandoesn’tknowthemanwell. B.Themanhashadanewhairstyle. C.Themanwenttoanewhairsalon. D.Thenewbarbercan’tfigureoutwhattodo.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Becauseoftheircommoninterest. B.Becauseoftheirsharedskills. C.Becauseoftheirworkingexperiences. D.Becauseoftheirsameeducation.12. A.Bycontactingtheirrelatives. B.Bycommunicatingwiththem.C.Bydoinghouseworkforthem. D.Bysettingupthevolunteerprogram.13. A.Itimproveselderlypeople’shealth. B.Itcollectssomedataforresearch.C.Itcallsforcomplexskills. D.Itmeetstherequirementforgraduation.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.14. A.The18thcenturyarchitecture. B.Thecountrysidelocation. C.Theseatingarrangements. D.Thequalityofthemusic.15. A.Itisaheldaroundtheyear. B.Itissupportedbythegovernment. C.Itmainlyfocusesonyoungpeople. D.Itdoesn’tacceptprivatedonation.16. A.Anintroductionofamusicfestival. B.Waystodonatethemusicfestival. C.Performancesbyyoungmusicians. D.Policyofprivatesponsorship.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Thedevelopmentofagroupproject. B.Adifficultprojectdesigningabridge. C.Lackofknowledgeinancientphilosophy. D.Poorgradeonthephilosophycourse.18. A.A10paperanda10-minutepresentation. B.A10paperanda20-minutepresentation. C.A20paperanda10-minutepresentation. D.A20paperanda20-minutepresentation. 19. A.Theydon’ttaketheassignmentseriously. B.Theydon’tbelieveinJennifer. C.Theydon’tshowinterestinphilosophy. D.Theyprefertodoindividualwork.20. A.Heassignedeachmemberdifferentwork. B.Hehadtodependonhimself. C.Hegaveuptheprojectatlast. D.Heshiftedhisroletoothers.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Doestheword“imperfect”alwaysconveynegativefeeling?Haveyoueverwalkedtothelocalgrocerystore’sproduce(農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)section,only(21)______(see)abasketfullof“imperfectproduce”?There’s(22)______wrongwithatomatothatisn’tperfectlyroundedorpeachesindifferentsizes;theystillcarrythesamebenefitsandflavorsastheversionswe’reusedtoseeingingrocerystores.Farmersusuallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmanygrocerychainswon’tacceptthemforfear(23)______theyareunsellable.However,agrowinggroupofgrocerychainsarefightingtomakethesedesertedfruitsandvegetablespartofconsumers’buyinghabits.OnesuchbusinessisImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers,with(24)______service,youcangetupto20poundsoffruitandveggiesforaround$20aweek.Thisisabouta30percentdiscountcomparedto(25)______iscurrentlysoldinstores.Sofar,thecompany(26)______(accept)aspartnershipbyseveralbigchainwholesalegiants,suchasWholeFoodsCompany,tosellthemisshapenproduce.WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it’salreadygainedseriouspopularityinEurope.In2014,theEuropeanUnionannouncedtheYearAgainstFoodWaste,withaFrenchgrocerychain(27)______(launch)averysuccessfulcampaigncalledIngloriousFruitsandVegetables.InPortugal,asimilarcompanytoImperfectProducecalledFrutaFeiahasalsotakenoff.Buyingtheseunfortunate-lookingfoodsshouldbeappealingtoconsumersnotonly(28)____________theaffordability,butalsoforthesupportitgivestofarmersandthedirectimpactithasondecreasingfoodwasteandtheenvironmentalpollution.Itisbelievedthatwhenthediscarded(丟棄的)fruitsandvegetablesdecompose(分解)theyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,when(29)______(release)intotheatmosphere,isabout86timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.Thegrowingamountoffoodwasteisamajorglobalproblem.Eachyear,some1.3billiontonsoffoodiswasted.Wasteis,infact,(30)______(ugly)thingofall.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.objectsB.ceaseC.removedD.substitutionsE.justifiedF.engagingG.responsibleH.presentI.companionsJ.employK.exposingSmartToysthatSpyonKidsAmericansarebecomingmoreandmorealertofthewaystheirpersonalinformationisbeingcollectedontheInternet.Arecentnationalsurveyfoundthat72%ofrespondentsarenotsurewhetherFacebookisusingthedataitcollectedonthemina(n)31way.And70%ofrespondentssaidtheybelievedtheirsmartphonesarebeingmonitoredinwaystheyhaven’tagreedto.Thatdoubtis32.Concernsaboutpersonalprivacyareontheriseallthetime.Butadultgift-giversmaynotrealizethatsomechildren’stoysarecollectingpersonaldata,too.Toyswithcameras,mobileapps,andrequirementstosetuponlineaccountsthatstoredataaboutthetoyanditsuserall33privacyconcerns.Toysthat34Bluetoothconnections,forexample,couldbesensitivetobeinghackedfromoutsidethehome,perhaps35thechildtoinappropriatecontentorgatheringsensitiveinfo.ThefamouscarraceMarioKartLiveHomeCircuitinstallsacamerathatuploadsimagesoftheroominordertocreatevirtualracetrack.Buttheseimagesoftheroom’slayout(布局)andthe36initcouldbeexposedifthegame’swebsitewereeverhacked.Mosttoymanufacturersaretryingtobuildinprotections.AndtheChildren’sOnlinePrivacyProtectionActprovidesanotherlayerofdefensebyrequiringparentstobeinvoledinsettingupthetoyandgivingadultstherighttohavetheirchildren’sonlinedata37.Theworldwidemarketforsmarttoysisexpectedtoreachalmost$70billioninthenextfiveyears.Thesetoyscanbewonderfully38andeveneducational,suchasaninteractiveglobethatspeakstochildrenaboutacountryastheytouchitonthemap.Actionfigures,robots,ordollsthattalkbackandholdconversationscanbecomesmart39.Yet,inanenvironmentwheresomuchinformationcanbecollectedthroughinteractionwithdevices,children40tobemere“players”or“consumers”.Theybecome“datasubjects”thatdiscloseinformationor“personaldata”aboutthemselves,bothconsciouslyandunconsciously.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthisworldofrapidchanges,everythingseemstobepossible.TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhentheNewYorkTimesstops41storiesonpaper.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgia(懷舊)aspeopleareforinkonpaper,thereareplentyofreasonsto42print.Thebasicfacilitiesrequiredtomakea43newspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive.Readersarekeepingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadvertisementsalesstill44theironlineandmobilecounterparts,incomefromprintisstilldeclining.Costmaybehighandcirculationlowerbutrushingto45itsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPetretti.PetrettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytospeedupthat46wouldmakesenseforthem,”hesaid,‘‘butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostfaithfulcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’swellworth47anyway.PetrettigivestheexampleofNetflix48itsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming(流媒體).“Itwasonceseenasa(n)

49,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.“IfIwereinchargeattheTimes,Iwouldn’tpickayearto50print,”Petrettisaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct,whichhassomeadvantageoveramodernproduct,makingitappealingforcustomerstokeepitaround.”Asamatteroffact,themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproductthey51.Theideagoes,andthey’dfeellikethattheywerehelpingmaintainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’re52print,youcouldfeellikethatyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditional53.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtoprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-only54.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”Petrettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethat.We’redoingthingsthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarket55andsodoestheworld.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.41. A.commenting B.publishing C.initiating D.describing42. A.restore B.promote C.stimulate D.abandon43. A.physical B.influential C.worthy D.profitable44. A.follow B.transfer C.overtake D.outlook45. A.reverse B.eliminate C.maintain D.evaluate46. A.transition B.existence C.application D.isolation47. A.playingsafe B.followingageneralrule C.keepingtoaroutine D.makingadefinitechange48. A.stimulating B.discontinuing C.regulating D.fulfilling49. A.achievement B.tendency C.opportunity D.mistake50. A.sponsor B.fund C.end D.establish 51. A.favour B.facilitate C.share D.afford52. A.benefitingfrom B.referringto C.overpayingfor D.tryingout 53. A.identity B.variation C.loyalty D.income54. A.subscription B.advancement C.policy D.technology 55. A.shrinks B.changes C.emerges D.dominatesSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)Raccoonsarearguablythemostsuccessfulurbancarnivore(食肉動物)inNorthAmerica.TheymaintainlargepopulationsinmostU.S.citiesandarecertainlyjustascommoninChicago,thoughactualpopulationestimatesareunknown.Almostanyonewhohasspenttimeoutdoorsatnighthaslikelyseenone,andtheyarequitedifficulttoconfusewithanythingelse—theirfatbodies,andmask-likefacialmarkings,makethemquitedistinctive,andevenperhapscharming.Atypicalurbanraccoonisabletoeatvirtuallyanything.Theirdietincludesearthworms,carrion,plantmatter,catfood,andallkindofdiscardedhumanfoodwaste.Raccoonsareprobablythemostadvancedwildlifewhichcandiveourdustbins.Theirpaws(爪子)arequitedexterousandenablethemtoaccessclosedgarbagedustbins.Raccoonsarealsocapableclimbersandcanbefoundonthetopoffencesandintrees.Whiletheyaretypicallysolitary,theyarewillingtotoleratecrowdsofotherraccoonsifhighqualityfoodresourcesarepresent.Theygivebirthonceandsometimestwiceayearinlatespringandmakeuseofawidevarietyofden(巢穴)sites,includinghollowtrees,chimneys,etc.Becausetheymakedensinavarietyofhumanstructures,raccoonscanbeasourceofhuman-wildlifeconflict,throughdirectconfrontationwithhumans,propertydamagecausedbytheiractivities,and,perhapsmostcritically,throughthetransmissionofdisease.Leptospirosis,caninedistemper,raccoonroundworm,andrabiesarethemostimportantzoonotic(人畜共患的)diseasescarriedbyraccoons.Rabiesinparticularhashadamassiveeffectonraccoonpopulationsandcausedapublichealthattention,tothepointwhereuseofvaccinehavebeenattemptedinsomecities.Inmostcaseswhereraccoonsarereportedbythepublic,nomanagementactionisnecessary.Largepacksofraccoons,suchasthoseoftensightedalongthelakeshorepath,likelysuggestalargeartificialfoodsource,suchaspeopledeliberatelyfeedingraccoonsonuncheckedgarbage.Theselargegatheringspresentahighdiseaseriskandpeopleshouldbestronglydiscouragedfromfeedingraccoonsorleavingfoodoutsideforthem.Incaseswherethereisevidenceofdisease,individualraccoonswillneedtobetrappedandkilled.56. Whatdoweknowaboutraccoonsfromthefirstparagraph? A.TheyareunknowninChicago. B.Theyareeasilyrecognized. C.Theytendtoattackpeopleatnight. D.Theyaredeclininginpopulation.57. Theword“dexterous”(inparagraphtwo)probablymeans“______”. A.skillful B.mysterious C.invisible D.abnormal58. Fromthesentence“Whiletheyaretypically…”(inparagraphtwo),weknowthatraccoonspreferto______. A.sharefood B.beincrowd C.liveseparately D.hidehighqualityfood59. Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph? A.Peopleareencouragedtofeedraccoons. B.Raccoonsarekilledasfoodsourceforpeople.C.Immediatemeasuresareadoptedwhenraccoonsarefound. D.Extremeactionsmaybetakentodealwithracoonscarryingdisease.(B)ALCSNEWSAutumn2021MavisCheek

(born1948)isanEnglishnovelist,

authorof15novels.MavisCheekinconversationaboutherwritinglife……………………….Q:Whatinitiallyinspiredyoutobecomeawriter?A:Beingunqualifiedtodoanyotherjobwasagreathelp–orratherspur(激勵).IfI’dbeenabletobeasecretaryoratypist,forexample,theneconomicsmightwellhaveovertakenmeintheyearsIspentimprovingmycraftandtryingtogetpublished.Ofcourse,thegreatinspirationwashavingmydaughterandwantingtobeathomewiththebabywhileusingmybrain.Q:What’sbeenyourmostexcitingbookandwhy?A:MylatestAmenableWomen,fromthepointofviewofalltheresearchIhadtodo–whichIhugelyenjoyed,bytheway.Themostexcitingbooktohavepublishedwasmyfirst(PauseBetweenActs,1988),whichhadabsolutelywonderfulreviewseverywhere(excepttheNewYorkTimes–andIdidn’tmindthatatall–justtobeintheNYTwasthrilling).Itgavemeextremeexcitement,whenthefirstofthosecameout.Q:Youoncesaidthat“anywriterwithamortgage(貸款)nevergetswriter’sblock”.Doyourviewsdiffernowyouhavehad12commerciallysuccessfulbooks?Ifso,why?A:Istillthinkthatoneofthebest(andworst)spurstowritingandforcontinuingtowriteisarequirementtoearnaliving.Theroadtopublicationislitteredwiththecorpses(尸體)ofwould-beauthorswhocan’tmakeittothesecondorthirdbook.I’vejustrecentlybeensentanewnovelbyareallygoodauthorwhowerelesssuccessfulforyearsandIamsureitwaslargelyduetoherhavingaprivateincome.Believeme,ifIdidn’thaveamortgageinthebank,I’dbelyingonGreekbeachrightnow,notstrugglingtomakesenseofyetanothernovel.Q:Themoresuccessfulyoubecome,doyoufindithardertocomeupwithconceptsforanewnovel?A:It’shardertobelieveyouaregettingbetteratthejob,thoughobviouslythat’swhatIandmostwriterswant.Basically,wecompetewithourselveswhiletryingtocontinuepleasingouraudience.Findingnewwaysofpleasingthereadersonemoretimegetsharder—atleastforme.Ialwayshavetostartwithanideathat’ssuddenlyenteredmyhead,andwhichwon’tgoaway.CurrentlyI’msufferedbythoughtsoftruthandhowharditistomaintaininanordinarylife.60. WhatencouragedMavisCheektobecomeawriter? A.Theexpectationoftheworthyfinancialrewards. B.Thedesiretocombinetheroleofamotherandacareer. C.Theestablishedideaofgainingreputationofafamouswriter. D.Thewishofencouragingpeoplethroughthepowerofliterature.61. Overall,MavisCheekdescribesthewritingprofessionas______. A.motivatingbutstruggling B.respectablebutimpersonal C.stressfulandunfulfilling D.excitingandfinanciallyrewarding 62.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue? A.MavisCheekhadearnedalotbeforeshebecameawriter. B.TheincomefromwritinghasremovedMavisCheek’smaterialworries. C.MavisCheek’scareeroncealmostcametoanendduetounfavorablecomments. D.Successfulassheis,MavisCheekstillfeelsithardtosatisfythereaderscontinuously.(C)Buildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.63. Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare______. A.notwidelysupported B.costlytocarryout C.generallyrecognized D.temporarilybeneficial64. Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreduced? A.Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees. B.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas. C.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.65. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic? A.Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately. B.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm. C.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.66.Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______. A.supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B.opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C.provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D.indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.

SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Therearecertainaspectsofeconomicgrowthwhichaffecttheenvironment.B.Cleanenergyhasalwaysbeenontheprioritylistforabetterenvironment.C.Forthesereasons,bringingabouteconomicgrowthwithoutanyresultingenvironmental

damageisimpossible.D.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.E.Sohumankindbegantomakeexplorationtosatisfythemselveseconomicallyandmentally.F.Theyaresometimespreferredbutreplacingthetraditionalsourceswiththemalsorequires

time.Humankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,andtoday,providingfoodwasthebasictaskforaperson.67Peoplefeeltheneedfornotonlysomeprimarythings,suchasbreadandshelters,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuries.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,thecommonsourcesofenergyweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitablyassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage.68Thefirstoftheseisthefactthatinordertoproducemoregoodsandproducts,atafasterrate,theconstructionoflargeindustrialplantsisrequired.Theseplantsproducealotofwaste,whichmaycausenegativelong-termhealtheffectstonearbypopulationsofanimals,orpeople.Thetraditionalenergysources,whicharecommonlyusednowadays,areconsideredtobethegreatestpolluterstotheenvironment.Therealsoexistso-calledeco-friendlysourcesofenergy.

69Ofcourse,duringthistimepeoplehavetomakesomesacrificestosupporttheseundertakings.Inordertoproducepracticalenergy,atransformationofthenaturalsiteisofteninevitable.Thisisexpensiveand,hasharmfuleffectsontheenvironment.Applicationofwindenergywouldblockairflow’snaturalspeed.Consequently,thepressurebalancethatisbroughtaboutbythiscurrentwillbeaffected,anditisimportanttorememberthattheenvironmentandweatherconditionsaredirectlyaffectedbyatmosphericpressure.70Thisistheembarrassmentmankindhastodealwith.Agoodbalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandsustainabilityisforeverwhathumankindhastokeepinmind.Ⅳ.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IsLeatherGoodorNot?Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveusedleathertomakeeverythingfromclothingtofurnituretofootwear.Theskinofanimalsisamaterialthatisstrong,hard-wearingandflexible.Thesequalitiesmakeleatherapopularmaterialformanydifferentproducts,butmorepeoplearebecomingconcernedaboutthepotentialharm