大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解與答案

ReadingComprehensionforCET6

Passage1

Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsan

Americannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmen

lootingasabotagedtrain.OneofthelooterszChiefAudaabu

TayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraand

snatchesit.AmIinthis?heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothe

dismayedreporterzLawrenceexplainszHethinksthesethings

willstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief.

Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasinto

distantlandszstoriesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenous

peoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnatives

mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecame

available,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayof

recordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggerated

accounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsreveal

moreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethat

staresback.Upintothe1950sand1960szmanyethnographers

soughtpurepicturesofprimitivecultures/outinelydeleting

modernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.They

paidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeas

membersofwarorhuntingpartieszoftenwithlittleregardfor

veracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorth

AmericanIndians,forexamplezgotoneMakahmantoposeasa

whalerwithaspearin1915—eventhoughtheMakahhadnot

huntedwhalesinageneration.

Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypes

thatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive^nd

unchanging.ForinstancezNationalGeographicmagazine's

photographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutother

cultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir

1993bookReadingNationalGeographiqthemagazinesince

itsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautiful

photosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmerican

conventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithout

tops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthat

couldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtorn

asunderbywarorfaminezarediscardedinfavorofthosethat

reassureztoconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresent

onlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,Lutzand

Collinssayjsthedepictionofanidealizedandexoticworld

relativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.

LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthe

magazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedher

eventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthat

aspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,they

shouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.

l.Themainideaofthepassageis.

[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmore

Westerners'perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandthe

Westernvalues.

[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWestern

explorersandtheprimitivepeoples.

[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshould

showpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintain

highsales.

[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheir

pictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothe

nativelandsoften.

[A]tookpictureswiththenatives

[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives

[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses

3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabia

to.

[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayed

byWesterners.

[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasas

toolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.

[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesof

nativepeople.

[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.

4.“Butinsomewayszanthropologicalphotographsrevealmore

abouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethat

staresback."Inthissentence,the〃one[culture]thatstaresback”

refersto.

[A]theindigenousculture

[B]theWesternculture

[C]theacademicculture

[D]thenewsbusinessculture

5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutz

mostprobablyagree?

[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinely

deletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenous

societies.

[B]Theprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvanced

Westernculture.

[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureof

thefarawaysocieties.

[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynotto

challengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.

答案:ABBAC

Passage2

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponse

towhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbya

medicalschooltoastudentcheatinginan

examination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabout

theextentofthisphenomenonjtsprevention,oritseffective

managementmuchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthe

basisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotolerance

ofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhich

humanlivesdepend.ltisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersin

medicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinueto

actdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,and

government.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialin

origin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatare

acquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.For

example,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribes

anddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Thereare

secondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstolerate

cheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;thereare

homeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsof

ethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtothe

harmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedto

remedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedical

studentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrity

andpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethod

fordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschools

shouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuture

doctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunately

therearetroublingjfinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduring

medicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoes

notnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmay

actuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityis

essential.ltiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersof

theinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medical

schoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheir

expectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.The

developmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresa

partnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiverole

initscreationandnurturing.Moreovectheschool's

examinationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbe

perceivedasfair.Finallyzthetreatmentofinfractionsmustbe

firm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.

6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

[A]Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

[B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

[C]Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsona

grandscale.

[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagement

ofthephenomenonislacking.

7.Accordingtotheauthorjtisimportanttopreventcheatingin

medicalschoolsbecause.

[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.

[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.

[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.

[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.

8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

[A]Familyzcultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

[B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudent

cheating.

[C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren7scheating

behaviour.

[D]Cheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthings

fromTV.

9.Accordingtotheauthorzwhatprecautionsshouldmedical

schoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?

[A]Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardto

weedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.

[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofa

society.

[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityand

ethicalvalues.

[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovethe

ethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.

lO.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowing

statements?

[A]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudents

toalleviatethefiercecompetition.

[B]Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreatea

setofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.

[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreation

andpreservationofacultureofintegrity.

[D]Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantly

expelledfromschool.

答案：DAACC

Passage3

Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcerned

thecontentofthegamesbeingplayed.Whenthenarrativesof

thegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosome

genres.ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenI

interviewedwere'Platformers'and'Beat-them-ups/

PlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleaping

fromplatformtoplatform,avoidingobstacleszmovingon

throughthelevels,andprogressingthroughthedifferent

stagesofthegame.Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhave

causedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolve

fightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthisviolence

canbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren*scartoons

whereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalks

awayunscathed.

Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthe

gameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren7severyday

lives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolent

andaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothese

games.Playingcomputergamesinvolvesfeelingsofintense

frustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive

'yells'atthescreen.ltisnotonlythe,Beat-them-up,games

whichproducethisaggression;platformgamesarejustas

frustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheirlives'and'die'

justbeforetheendofthelevelisreachedputergamingrelies

uponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimagesonthe

screenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.When

theplayerlosesandthewords'Gameover*appearonthe

screenzthereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenby

thecomputerandathavingmadeanerror.Thisangerand

aggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedtotheaggressionfelt

whenplayingfootballandyoutakeyoureyeofftheballand

enabletheoppositiontoscore.Theannoyanceexperienced

whendefeatedatacomputergameiswhatmakesgaming

'addictive':theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesame

mistakeagainandtohave'onelastgo'inthehopeofdoing

betternexttime.

Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshas

beenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifference

betweenfictionandrealityandwhoactouttheviolentmoves

ofthegamesinfightontheplayground.Theproblemwith

videogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevision

orfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheir

socialbehavior.Playingthesegamescanleadtoanti-social

behaviorzmakechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotional

stability.

ll.Whatisthetopicofthisarticle?

[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelof

violenceinchildren

[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand

/Beat-Them-Ups/.

[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames

[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames

12.Whichofthefollowinggamesissupposedtocontain

violentcontent?

[A]Sonic

[B]SuperMario

[C]Platformer

[D]Beat-Them-Up

13.Whatdoesunscathed(ParagraphlzLastline)probablymean?

[A]unsettled

[B]unbeaten

[C]unharmed

[D]unhappy

14.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,howdoesviolence

relatetoplayingcomputergames?

[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperience

frustrationandanger.

[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrentherefore

morelikelytoproduceviolentbehavior.

[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobe

moreviolentthanothers.

[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedto

thegames.

15.Accordingtotheauthocwhydovideogamesleadto

violencemorethanTVormovies?

[A]Becausechildrencannottellfictionfromreality.

[B]Becausechildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegameson

theplayground.

[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVor

films.

[D]Becausecomputergamescanproducemoreanti-social

behavior.

答案:ADCAC

Passage4

InBrazilzthedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,or

GMOszaffectsmostlysoybeanproduction.Brazilistheworld's

secondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStates

andaheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailers

wanttoremainGMfree.

Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingon

amediaoffensivetopreventthelegalizationofgenetically

modifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsfor

yearshavebeenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies'

attemptstolegalizealteredfood.Inradiodramasthatare

beingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretelling

soyfarmerstheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedscould

endangertheirhealth,theirfieldsandtheirbusiness.Wearenot

sayingthatgeneticengineeringisjnprinciple,something

bad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwill

workinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,said

campaigncoordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothfor

healthandenvironmentalreasons.Theotherquestionison

economics.WhatwethinkisthatinBraziljfweapprovethe

GMOs,wewillloseaspectacularadvantagethatwehave

now.Wearesellingmoretotheinternationalmarketzmostlyfor

EuropeandAsia,thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becausewe

arenotGMOcontaminated.

Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizing

grass-rootssupportinBrazilianfarmingregionstorouse

consumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublic

policydirectorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingfor

farmerstoremainindependent.Whenthesmall-scalefarmeror

abigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseed,thisfarmerwillbe

completelydependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrol

intellectualpropertyrightsovertheseseeds,hesaid.

BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbe

checksonwhatmultinationalscando,butthatdoesn'tmean

GMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageare

unfounded.Despitetheofficialban,Dr.Pavansaysuptoone

thirdofBrazil'ssoycropisgeneticallymodified,becauseGM

seedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.Brazil'sgovernment

hasinvestedheavilyinaGMprojectbytheU.S.biotech

company,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowinga

successfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.

Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians'

preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidentialelectionwillgive

themtimetogatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfuture

attemptstolegalizegeneticallyalteredcrops.

41.Accordingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazil

is.

[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodified

crops.

[B]BraziTsstandingintheinternationalmarket

[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms

42.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld'

ssoybeanproducer.

[A]largest

[B]secondlargest

[C]thirdlargest

[D]fourthlargest

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOs

inBrazil?

[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthe

farmers/health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabad

practice.

[C]Theybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedto

ensureGMbringsnoharm.

[D]TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.

44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthe

organizationcalledActionAid?

[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegenetically

modifiedproducts.

[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesfor

seeds.

[C]Theystronglysupportthelegalizationofgenetically

modifiedproducts.

[D]Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmsto

biggerones.

45.WhatdoestheBrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansay

aboutgeneticallymodifiedproducts?

[A]Geneticallymodifiedseedsshouldbebanned.

[B]Brazilgovernmentshouldcrackdownonthesmugglingof

geneticallymodifiedseeds.

[C]Thefearovertheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedsis

uncalledfor.

[D]Consumersshouldlawsuitstoprotecttheirrights.

答案：DBBBC

Passage5

TheGuidfordFour/reedlastweekafterspending15yearsin

prisonforcrimestheydidnotcommitzwouldalmostcertainly

havebeenexecutedforthepubbombingtheywereconvicted

of.Theyhadthedeathpenaltybeeninforceatthetimeoftheir

trial.Theymaynowbeadecentintervalbeforethepro-hanging

lobby,whichhasthesupportofthePrimeMinister,makes

anotherattempttoreintroducethenoose.

Reflectionsalongtheselineswereabouttheonlykindof

consolationtobederivedfromthisgrossmiscarriageofjustice

whichisnowtobethesubjectofajudicial（司法的）inquiry.Inthe

meantimezdefenselawyersaredemandingcompensationand

haveinmindabouthalfamillionpoundsforeachoftheir

clients.

Thefirstthreetobereleased-Mr.GeraldConlon,Mr.Paddy

ArmstrongandMs.CaroleRichardson-leftprisonwiththe34

poundswhichisgiventoalldepartinginmates.The

fourthzMr.PaulHill,wasnotreleasedimmediatelybuttakento

Belfast,wherehelodgedanappealagainsthisconvictionfor

themurderofaformerBritishsoldier.Sincethis

conviction,too,wasbasedonthenowdiscreditedstatements

allegedlymadetotheSurveypolice,hewasimmediatelyletout

onbail（保*豹.Butheleftempty-handed.

Theimmediatereactiontothescandalwasrenewed

demandforthere-examinationofthecaseagainstthe

BirminghamSix,whoareservinglifesentencesforpub

bombingsinthatcity.ThusfartheHomesecretary,Mr.

DouglasHurd,isinsistingthatthetwocasesarenot

comparable;thatwhatisnowknownabouttheGuilford

investigationhasnorelevancetowhathappenedin

Birmingham.

Mr.Hurdisrighttotheextentthattherewasasmall-though

flimsyandhotly-contested-amountofcrimeevidenceinthe

Birminghamcase.Thedisturbingsimilarityisthatthe

BirminghamSixjiketheGuilfordFour,claimthatpoliceofficers

liedandfabricatedevidencetosecureaconviction.

Makingscapegoats（替罪羊）ofafewroguepoliceofficersw川

notbesufficienttoeliminatetheGuilfordmiscarriageof

justice.Thesearealreadydemandsthatthelawshouldbe

changed;firsttomakeitimpossibletoconvict

on“confessions“alone;andsecondlytorequirethat

statementsfromaccusedpersonsshouldonlybetakeninthe

presenceofanindependentthirdpattytoensuretheyarenot

madeunderpunishment.

ItwasalsobeingnotedthisweekthattheGuilfordFourowe

theirreleasemoretobepersistenceofinvestigativereporters

thantothediligenceofeitherthejudiciaryorthepolice.Yet

investigativereports-particularlyontelevision-haverecently

beenaparticulartargetforthecondemnationofMrs.Thatcher

andsomeofherministerswhoseemtothinkthatTVshouldbe

muzzled(鉗制言論的手段)inthepublicinterestandlefttoget

onwithsoapoperasandquizshows.

〃〃

l.Thewordnoose(Line7zPara.l)hastheclosestmeaning

to.

[A].deathpenalty

[B].hanging

[Q.trial

[D].punishment

2.Tocompensatethemiscarriageofjusticezthedefenselawyers

may.

[A].demand500,000poundsfortheGuilfordFour.

[B].demand500,000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.

[C].demand1,000,000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.

[D].demandare-examinationoftheBirminghampub

bombings.

3.Whywasthereareneweddemandforthere-examinationof

thecaseagainsttheBirminghamSix?

[A].TheBirminghamSixwerebelievedtohavecriminal

connectionswiththeGuilfordFour.

[B].Thetwocasesweresimilarinthatbothwereaboutpub

bombings.

[C].ThebombingsinBirminghamhappenedatthesametime.

[D].TheBirminghamSixalsoclaimedthattherewerepolice

malpractice'sintheircase.

4.Theexistinglawstatesthat.

[A].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandstatements

takenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsarevalidlegal

evidence.

[B].convictionscan'tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthere

shouldbeathirdpartywhentakingstatementsfromaccused

persons.

[C].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandathirdparty

shouldbepresentwhentakingstatementsfromaccused

persons.

[D].convictionscan'tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthe

statementstakenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsare

validlegalevidence.

S.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingparties

contributedmosttothereleaseoftheGuilfordFour?

[A].Reporters

[B].Lawyers

[C].Thepolice

[D].Thejudiciary

答案:BBDAA

Passage6

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverage

person'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountry

produces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirst

andforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthis

senseisnotmoneyjorwedonotliveonmoneybutonthings

thatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand

clothing/and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmany

factors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealth

dependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snatural

resourceszsuchascoal,gold,andothermineralszwatersupply

andsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwith

coalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorable

climate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthese

things,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Ais

oneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvast

naturalresourceswithinherborderszhersoilisfertile,andher

climateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhandjsoneof

theleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemto

use.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innatural

resources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternal

wars,andforthisandotherreasonswas.unabletodevelopher

resources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionszandfreedom

fromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnatural

resourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealth

thananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutless

wellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnical

efficiencyofacountry'speople.Oldcountriesthat

have,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilled

craftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealth

thancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalso

produceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthierjtspeople

havealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsinto

factoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnout

moregoodsintheirworkingday.

l.Acountry'swealthdependsupon

[A].itsstandardofliving

[B].itsmoney

[C].itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

[D].itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

2.Theword"foremost"means.

[A].mostimportantly

[B].firstly

[C].largely

[D].forthemostpart

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat.

[A].acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactors

[B]].theU.S.A.isoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

[C].theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

[D].naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthor

povertyofacountry

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhich

onecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofits

resources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthis

paragraph?

[A].2

[B].3

[C].4

[D].5

5.Thesecondsentence.inParagraph3is.

[A].themainideaoftheparagraph

[B].anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph

[C].theconclusionoftheparagraph

[D].notrelatedtotheparagraph

答案:CAABB

Passage7

TheproductivityofAmericansemployedinprivatebusinesses

hasdeclined.Theproductivityofworkersincountriessuchas

JapanandGermanyisincreasing.Americanmachinetoolszon

average,areoldjelativelyinefficient,andrapidlybecoming

obsolete,whereasthoseofourcompetitorsoverseasjn

comparison,arenewerandmoreefficient.Wearenolongerthe

mostproductiveworkersintheworld.Wearenolongerthe

leadersinindustrialinnovation（革新）.\A/eareanimmensely

wealthynationofeducatedmenandwomenwhoseemtohave

lostsightofthefactthateverything-fromthesimplest

necessitiestothefinestluxuries—mustbeproducedthrough

ourowncollectivehardwork.Wehavecometoexpect

automaticincreasesinourcollectivestandardofliving,butwe

seemtohaveforgottenthattheseincreasesarepossibleonly

whenourproductivitycontinuestogrow.

Onethingthatmustchangeistherateatwhichwesubstitute

capitalequipmentforhumanlabor.Simplyput,ourlaborforce

hasincreasedatafargreaterratethanhasourstockofcapital

investment.Weseemtohaveforgottenthatourpast

productivitygains,toalargeextent,wererealizedfrom

substitutionsofcapitalforhumanlabor.Todayz3timesasmany

robotsarelistedascapitalassetsbyJapanesefirmsasby

UnitedStatesfirms.

Thereisnodoubtthatrobotswillbecomeacommonsightin

Americanfactories.Representinganewgenerationof

technologyzrobotswillreplacefactorylabormuchasthefarm

tractorreplacedthehorse.Robottechnologyhasmuchto

offer.ltoffershigherlevelsofproductivityandqualityatlower

costs;inpromisestofreemenandwomenfromthe

dull/epetitioustoilofthefactory,itislikelytohaveanimpact

onsocietycomparabletothatmadebythegrowthof

computertechnology.

l.Theword"obsolete"(Para.l)mostprobablymeans.

[A].weak

[B].old

[C].new

[D].outofdate

2.Theauthorisanxiousabout.

[A].hispeoplenolongertakingtheleadinindustrialinnovation

[B].hiscountrynolongerbeingawealthynation

[C].hispeopleforgettingtoraisetheirproductivity

[D].hiscountryfallingbehindotherindustrialnations

3.Accordingtotheauthor;inhiscountry..

[A].theproportionoflaborforcetocapitalinvestmentisquite

low

[B].thegrowthrateoflaborforceshouldbegreaterthanthatof

capitalinvestment

[C].theproductivityincreasesshouldbeachievedbythe

increasesoflaborforce

[