Unit 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法寫作背默（默寫版）

Unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法，寫作背默語(yǔ)法精講冠詞a/an/the冠詞分為不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。1.不定冠詞的用法。不定冠詞有a和an。a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。用法舉例泛指人或事物的某一類別,以區(qū)別于其他種類。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。首次提到某個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。inthetree.樹上有一只鳥。表示數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。Ihave.我有一個(gè)姐姐/妹妹。用于固定短語(yǔ)中。alittle一點(diǎn)兒;waitaminute等一會(huì)兒2.定冠詞的用法。用法舉例特指某些人或物。arecoming.孩子們就要來(lái)了。用于上文提到過(guò)的事物或雙方都知道的事物前。MrLiworksinafactory.isfarfromhishome.李先生在一家工廠上班,那家工廠離他家很遠(yuǎn)。用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。TheMoontheEarth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前。Whoisinyourclass?誰(shuí)是你們班年齡最小的女孩?用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示一家人。aregoingforapicnicnextSunday.格林一家打算下周日去野餐。用于樂(lè)器名稱前或方位名詞前。playtheguitar彈吉他;theeast東方用于固定搭配中。inthemorning在上午;attheendof在……的盡頭方位介詞方位介詞用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)、方位和位移。介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)使用,它必須與后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)句子成分。常用的方位介詞可分為以下幾組。1.at與in。at后常接小地點(diǎn),in后常接大地點(diǎn)。例如:Ioftenstayathometheweekend.周末我常待在家里。WhenwillyouarriveShanghai?你什么時(shí)候到達(dá)上海?2.between與among。between一般指在兩者之間,among表示在三者或三者以上之間。例如:IsitDanielandAmy.我坐在丹尼爾和埃米中間。Look!MrLiisstandinghisstudents.看!李老師正站在他的學(xué)生們中間。3.beside,nextto與near。beside意為“在……旁邊”,nextto意為“緊挨著,緊靠著”,near意為“在……附近”。例如:Comeandsitme.過(guò)來(lái)坐在我的旁邊。Theprettygirlisstandingthewindow.那個(gè)漂亮的女孩正站在窗戶旁邊。Doyoulivehere?你住在這附近嗎?4.above,below,over,under與on。above“在……上方”,反義詞是below“在……下方”;over“在……正上方(垂直)”;under“在……正下方”;on“在……(物體)的上面”,指物體之間相互接觸。例如:There’sabridgetheriver.河上有一座橋。ShallIwritemyanswertheline?我應(yīng)該把答案寫在線的下方還是上方?Therearesomeapplesthetable.桌上有些蘋果。5.infrontof與behind。infrontof意為“在……前面”,表示在一定距離的前面,也可理解為在物體范圍外的前面,其反義詞是behind。例如:There’saparkthehouse.在那座房子的前面有一個(gè)公園。Whositsyou?誰(shuí)坐在你后面?語(yǔ)法精練Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意用a,an或the填空1.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?—Iwanttobepilot.Itisexcitingjob.

2.Thereisbigsupermarketincentreofourcity.

3.—Willyougettherebybus?—No,I’llridebike.

4.There’sappleonthetable.appleisformylittlebrother.

5.Hisbrotherisengineer.Heworksinbigcompany.

Ⅱ.根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)姆轿唤樵~填空1.Youmustrideyourbiketherightsideoftheroad.

2.MrSmithlivesthatbuilding.Hishouseisthefifthfloor.

3.Thereisanexcitingmomentinourclasswhenalargebirdfliesourheads.

4.ThegirlistallerthanherfriendHenry,soshesitshimintheclassroom.

5.BeijingisthenorthofChina.

6.Before2000,therewasnoairlinethetwocities.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講Comicstrip&Welcometotheunit1.Followme,Eddie.跟著我，埃迪。Followme.跟我來(lái)。/跟我學(xué)。Theboyhisfatheroutoftheroom.男孩跟著他父親走出了房間。MayApril.五月在四月之后。following下列的，接著的learnthenewwords學(xué)習(xí)以下新單詞2.There’sapathbetweenthehills.山間有一條小路。between在之間betweenmeals在兩餐之間betweenclasses在課間betweenAandB在A和B之間Pleasekeepthesecretbetweenyouandme.這個(gè)秘密不要讓第三個(gè)人知道。among在之間Theteacherisstandingamongallofthestudents.老師正站在所有學(xué)生之間。3.Areyousure,Hobo?你確定嗎，霍波？besuretodosth.一定做某事besureof/about(doing)sth.對(duì)（做）某事有把握besure+(that)從句一定...Wethegame.=Wearesure(that)wewill/canwinthegame.我們一定會(huì)贏得比賽。Areyoutheanswertothequestion?你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案有把握嗎？Areyousureof/aboutfindingthewaytothetheatre?=(that)youcanfindthewaytothetheatre?你有把握找到去劇院的路嗎？4.Let’sgodownhere.讓我們從這兒下去。godown/upthehillgodown/uptherivergodown/alongsp.Isthisliftgoingdown?這部電梯是向下的嗎？Godownthisstreet,andthenturnright.沿著這條街道走，然后右拐。5.Don’tbeafraid.不要害怕。beafraidofsth.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.Thechildisnotafraidofskating.=Thechildisnotafraidtoskate.這個(gè)孩子不害怕溜冰。beafraid+(that)從句恐怕...I’mafraid(that)Ican’tgowithyou.恐怕我不能和你一起去。I’mafraidnot.恐怕不是。I’mafraidso.恐怕如此。6.Ithinkwehavetogoupagain.我認(rèn)為我們得再次上去。haveto人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化Wehavetostayathomebecauseit’sraininghardoutside.Wehavetostayathomebecauseoftheepidemic.由于疫情我們不得不待在家里。因?yàn)橥饷嬖谙麓笥?，我們不得不待在家里。must必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿），無(wú)人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化Asastudent，youmuststudyhard.作為一名學(xué)生，你必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。haveto的否定形式：don’t/doesn’thaveto=don’t/doesn’tneedto=needn’tYougetupsoearly.ThelessonsontheInternetwillbeginat8a.m.你不需要起這么早。網(wǎng)課上午八點(diǎn)開始。7.Let’sgoonatrip!咱們?nèi)ヂ眯邪?！goonatriptosp.=gotosp.foratrip=haveatriptosp.Wherearewegoingforourclasstrip?我們?nèi)ツ睦镞M(jìn)行班級(jí)旅行？a/thetriptosp.8.SunshineZooisnorthofSunshineMiddleSchool.陽(yáng)光動(dòng)物園在陽(yáng)光中學(xué)的北面。Ais(tothe)north/south/east/westofB.A在B的北/南/東/西（A在B范圍之外，不接壤）Aisonthenorth/south/east/westofB.A在B的北/南/東/西（A在B范圍之外，接壤）Aisinthenorth/south/east/westofB.A在B的北/南/東/西（A在B范圍之內(nèi)）WuxiisofShanghai.無(wú)錫在上海的北面。WuxiisthenorthofSuzhou.無(wú)錫在蘇州的北面。WuxiisthesoutheastofChina.無(wú)錫在中國(guó)的東南部。Themuseumisaboutfortykilometres(tothe)southwestofthebank.那家博物館在這個(gè)銀行的西南面，約40公里遠(yuǎn)。north/south/east/west對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞分別為northern/southern/eastern/westerninthesouthof...=inthesouthernpartof...在...的南面Readingeverybodypron.“每人，人人”=everyone在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Ishere?人齊了嗎？2.Herewe’reinfrontoftheSouthGate.現(xiàn)在我們?cè)谀祥T的前面。infrontof...inthefrontof...infrontoftheschoolgate在學(xué)校大門前Thereisacarinfrontofthebus.公交車前面有輛小轎車。Thedriverissittinginthefrontofthecar.司機(jī)正坐在小轎車的前面。3.Gostraighton,andyou’llfindthePandaHouse.一直往前走，你們就會(huì)看到熊貓館。straightadv.“徑直地”常與動(dòng)詞come,go,walk等連用。gostraightonastraightroad注意本句句型：祈使句，and/or(否則)+句子（將來(lái)時(shí)）Walkpastthesupermarket,andyouwillfindthebookshop.=Ifyouwalkpastthesupermarket,youwillfindthebookshop走過(guò)那家超市，你就會(huì)找到書店。Studyhard,oryouwillnotpasstheexam.=Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youwillnotpasstheexam.好好學(xué)習(xí)，否則你通不過(guò)考試。4.Theyliketoeatbambooandliedownalldaylong.他們喜歡吃竹子和整天躺著。1)bamboo泛指竹子或表示竹子材料時(shí)，為不可數(shù)；Bambooispandas’favouritefood.竹子是熊貓最喜歡吃的食物。bamboo特指某些竹子或指竹子的種類時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式是bamboos。2)alldaylong=thewholeday=alltheday一整天3)liedownlie-lied-liedlie-lay-lainDon’ttellalietome.不要對(duì)我撒謊。Lyinginbedaftersupperisnotgoodforyourhealth.晚飯后躺在床上對(duì)你健康不利。Rememberthatthey’redangerous.記住他們是危險(xiǎn)的。短語(yǔ)含義用法remembertodosth.強(qiáng)調(diào)事情還未做rememberdoingsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)事情是以前做過(guò)的1）remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做)Remembertocloseallthewindowsbeforeyouleave.你離開之前記得關(guān)上所有的窗。rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事(已做)remember+(that)從句Irememberseeingyoulasttime.=Iremember(that)Isawyoulasttime.我記得上次見過(guò)你。2）Itisdangerousforsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是危險(xiǎn)的。beindangerbeoutofdangerItisdangerousforchildrentorunacrosstheroad.對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)跑著過(guò)馬路是危險(xiǎn)的。Weshouldtryourbesttohelptheanimalsindanger.我們應(yīng)該盡全力幫助瀕危動(dòng)物。Birdsmakebeautifulsoundswhentheysing.當(dāng)鳥唱歌時(shí)，鳥兒發(fā)出愉悅的聲音。注意區(qū)分sound,voice,noise:soundmakeasound/sounds發(fā)出聲音sound作感官系動(dòng)詞，表示“”，后面加形容詞；soundlike加名詞Theideasoundsgood.=Itsoundslikeagoodidea.這主意聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。voiceThesingerhasagoodvoice.這個(gè)歌手有一副好嗓子。7.Theyjumparoundandmakepeoplelaugh.他們跳來(lái)跳去使人們大笑。1）jumparound跳來(lái)跳去walkaround走來(lái)走去lookaround環(huán)顧四周2）makepeoplelaugh逗人們大笑makesb.(not)dosth.makesb./sth.+adj.makemehappymaketheclassroomclean8.Crossthebridge，andyou’llseetheelephants.穿過(guò)橋，你將看見大象。辨析：cross與acrosscrossv.“”獨(dú)自作謂語(yǔ)，直接跟賓語(yǔ)acrossprep.“”要和表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞walk,run,fly,jump等連用。crossthestreet=go/walkacrossthestreet穿過(guò)街道9.Theirlargeearsarelikeopenfans.他們的大耳朵像打開的扇子。like作介詞，表示“像”，反義詞為unlike；作動(dòng)詞，表示“喜歡”，反義詞為dislikebelike...像...looklike看起來(lái)像Unlikehiseldersister,hedislikesjogging.不像他的姐姐，他不喜歡慢跑。Whatissb.like?Whatdoessb.looklike?=Howdoessb.look?Whatissth.like?=Howissth.?Whatistheweatherliketoday?=Howistheweathertoday?10.Therearealsobirds，aren’tthere？也有鳥，不是嗎？反義疑問(wèn)句，表示說(shuō)話人沒(méi)有把握，需要對(duì)方證實(shí)。反義疑問(wèn)句由陳述句和一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句組成，前后的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。注意：前肯后否，前否后肯，回答按照實(shí)際情況。11.quiteadv.“相當(dāng)，非常”，修飾adj./adv.的原級(jí)。如：Thefilmisquiteinteresting.這部電影相當(dāng)有趣。類似quite只修飾原級(jí)的副詞還有：very,too,so等。辨析：quite與very.quite程度副詞，可修飾adv./adj./v.1）與表示程度的詞連用，“相當(dāng)，非常”；2）與表示沒(méi)有程度差距的詞連用，“完全”very程度副詞，“很，非常”，可修飾adj./adv.，但不可直接修飾v.如：Youarequiteright.你完全正確。注：與adj.連用修飾n.時(shí)，quite置于冠詞前，very置于冠詞后。如：It’squitealongway.=It’saverylongway.那是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。Grammar1.Arethelionsinan/theopenarea?獅子們?cè)陂_放區(qū)域嗎？inan/theopenarea此處open為形容詞，表示“打開的，開著的，開放的，營(yíng)業(yè)的”，反義詞為Manyshopsarenotopen/closedduringtheepidemic.疫情期間很多商店不營(yíng)業(yè)。2.Thefoodisabovethedrinks.食物在飲料的上面。over,above,on區(qū)別：都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。over表示在某物的正上方或從正上方越過(guò)，表面不接觸，反義詞為under，over/under也可表示年齡的上下。Thereisabridgetheriver.河上有座橋。It’sdangeroustojumpthewall.翻過(guò)這堵墻是很危險(xiǎn)的。Thepeopleunder12or60canvisitthemuseumforfree.12歲以下或60歲以上的人可以免費(fèi)參觀這個(gè)博物館。above表示在斜上方，表面不接觸，反義詞為below，above/below也可表示立體建筑的上下層，還可表示溫度的上下。Weflewtheclouds.我們?cè)谠茖由巷w行。Helivestwofloorsaboveme.=Ilivetwofloorshim.他住得比我高兩層樓。It’ssocoldtoday.Thetemperatureiszero.今天太冷了。氣溫在零度以下。on指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸。Theyputsomeflowerstheteacher’sdesk.他們把一些花放在老師桌上。3.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞at，in，onat一般指小地方Theyarrivedasmallvillagebeforedark.天黑前他們到達(dá)了一個(gè)小村莊。in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)HearrivedShanghaiyesterday.他昨天到達(dá)了上海。on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”Thereisabigholethewall.墻上有個(gè)大洞。Theteacherputupapicturethewall.老師在墻上掛了一幅畫。Integratedskills1.Walkpastthehouse,turnleftandwalkalongthepathnexttotheriver.走過(guò)房子，向左轉(zhuǎn)，沿著河邊的小路走。walkpastthehouse=passthehouse走過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)那棟房子runpastsb.Theteacheriswalkingpast/passingourdesks.老師正走過(guò)我們的課桌。turnleft/rightontheleft/rightonsb’sleft/right2.Crossthebridge,turnrightandwalkstraighton.穿過(guò)橋，向右轉(zhuǎn)，一直往前走。crossthebridge=walk/goacrossthebridgeacross,through都可表示“從一邊到另一邊”，across表示從表面上穿過(guò)Thedogranacrossthegrass.狗在草地上奔跑。Theboyswamacrosstheriver.這個(gè)男孩游過(guò)了河。through表示從內(nèi)部空間穿過(guò)Theywalkedthroughtheforest.他們步行穿過(guò)森林。Therivergoesthroughthetown.這條河流經(jīng)這個(gè)城市。3.WhichwayshouldIgoatthetrafficlights?在紅綠燈處我應(yīng)該走哪條路？和way相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：onthe/one’swaytosp.onone’swayhome/here/therebythewayinthe/one’swayinthis/thatwayindifferentwaysthewaytodosth.=thewayofdoingsth.4.Thenyou’llseeSunnyGardenatthecornerofthestreet.然后你將在街道的拐角處看見陽(yáng)光花園。辨析：atthecornerof,inthecornerof,onthecornerof.atthecornerof在...的拐角處一般指路、街道的拐角inthecornerof在...的角落里一般指室內(nèi)的角落onthecornerof在...的角落上一般指物體的表面或邊緣Studyskillsallright“行了，可以”表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。還可指身體好。That’sright.“對(duì)的”表示贊同對(duì)方的意見。That’sallright.“”，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。Task1.Myparentswillprepareplentyoffoodanddrinksforus.我的父母親將為我們準(zhǔn)備充足的食物和飲料。preparefor...=getreadyfor...preparesth.for...=getsth.readyfor...plentyof“大量的，充足的”修飾可數(shù)+不可數(shù)名詞，一般用語(yǔ)肯定句中，相當(dāng)于alotof或lotsof,在否定句中多用many/much替代。Themedicalworkersinourcommunitycentreprepareplentyofmasksforus.=Themedicalworkersinourcommunitycentregetplentyofmasksreadyforus.我們社區(qū)中心的醫(yī)療工作者們?yōu)槲覀儨?zhǔn)備了充足的口罩?！皃lentyof+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Plentyofstudentslikethefilm.許多學(xué)生喜歡這部電影。Thereisplentyoftimetodothehomework.有大量的時(shí)間做家庭作業(yè)。2.問(wèn)路的常用表達(dá)：Excuseme.Whereis...?Whichisthewayto...?HowcanIgetto...?Can/Couldyoutellmethewayto...?=Can/Couldyoutellmewhichisthewayto...?=Can/Couldyoutellmehowtogetto...?=Can/CouldyoutellmehowIcangetto...?3.指路的常用表達(dá)：walkalong/downtheroad沿著這條路走crosstheroad=walk/goacrosstheroad穿過(guò)這條路oneachsideoftheroad在馬路的每一邊onbothsidesoftheroad在馬路的兩邊attheendoftheroad