2025年高二英語寒假銜接（外研版）專題03非謂語動(dòng)詞（主賓表）復(fù)習(xí)（知識(shí)講解+題型練習(xí)）原卷版

專題03非謂語動(dòng)詞（主賓表）復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+小考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升學(xué)以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破1.動(dòng)名詞作主語2.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語3.動(dòng)名詞，不定式和分詞作表語考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)名詞作主語考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)名詞作主語一、動(dòng)名詞作主語的用法1．動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.爬山對(duì)于老年人來說真的很困難。2．形式主語it代替動(dòng)名詞作主語。此類句式常見的有：Itisawasteoftimedoing... 做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itisnogood/usedoing...做……是沒有用的Itisuselessdoing... 做……沒有用Itisnofundoing... 做……沒有樂趣Itisnogood/useregrettingforthepast.悔恨過去是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutthematter.同他爭(zhēng)辯這件事真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3．在Thereisno...結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用動(dòng)名詞形式，意為“不可能、沒有”，相當(dāng)于Itisimpossibletodo...。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchamatter.這種事開不得玩笑。二、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語往往表示一般或抽象的多次的行為；動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。(泛指玩火)Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.=Itwillbedangeroustoplaywithfire.玩火將很危險(xiǎn)。(指某一具體動(dòng)作)【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】(1)(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.(2)(2019·天津卷)__________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(3)(全國卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_____(be)oftenacceptable.(4)Thereisno__________(assess)howmanyofficersareparticipatingintheslowdown.考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語一、動(dòng)名詞作賓語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞或短語有suggest、finish、practice、avoid、miss、enjoy、imagine、admit、consider(考慮)、escape、risk、mind、stand(忍受)、oppose、putoff、postpone、giveup、quit、keepon、feellike、beusedto(習(xí)慣于)、lookforwardto、getdownto、leadto、objectto、stickto、payattentionto、insiston、bebusyin、can'thelp、beaddictedto、becommittedto、setabout等。Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.如果年輕人每天聽很吵的音樂，那么就會(huì)有失聰?shù)奈ｋU(xiǎn)。在下列句型中可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語：beawardedfordoing... 因做……而被授予……beworthdoing... 值得做……What/Howaboutdoing...? 做……怎么樣？havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing...做……有困難havefun(in)doing... 做……很快樂spend/wastetime/money(in)doing...花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做……【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】(1)(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)A90--year--oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for_________(be)Britain'soldestfull--timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.(2)Wouldyoumindmy_________(open)thewindow?二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語1．只跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有afford、agree、choose、decide、determine、expect、aim、long、tend、learn、ask、prepare、hope、manage、fail、refuse、want、wish、offer、promise、struggle、pretend、happen(碰巧)、belikelytodo、setout等。Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.由于我們幾乎花光了所有的錢，我們住不起旅館了。Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you'dbetterstaywhereyouareandwaitforhelp.如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地等待幫助。2．能接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語的動(dòng)詞有show、understand、tell、explain、teach、learn、know、ask、decide、wonder等。Hedidn'tknowhowtodealwiththeaccident.他不知道怎樣處理這場(chǎng)事故?！究键c(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】完成句子(1)媽媽告訴我怎樣準(zhǔn)備。Mymomtoldme___________________it.(2)我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。I______________________onmywayhome.(3)她許諾當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大后給媽媽買個(gè)大房子。She___________________hermotherabighouseasshegrowsup.三、既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的動(dòng)詞用法1．(1)有些動(dòng)詞如hate、like、love、prefer后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的行為；若表示特定的、具體的或一次性的活動(dòng)，則多用不定式作賓語。Theypreferstayingindoorswhenitiscold.天冷時(shí)他們喜歡待在屋里。Wouldyouprefertostayathomeorgotothemovieswithusthisevening?今晚你想待在家里還是和我們一起去看電影呢？begin、start、continue等詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)意義差別不大。Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseacomputer.湯姆開始學(xué)習(xí)如何使用電腦。2．有些動(dòng)詞既可以接不定式，也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而且意義差別很大。(1)trytodo... 盡力做……trydoing... 試著去做……(2)meantodo... 打算做……meandoing... 意味著做……(3)regrettodo... 遺憾要去做……regretdoing... 后悔做過……(4)remembertodo... 記得去做……rememberdoing... 記得做過……(5)forgettodo... 忘記去做……forgetdoing... 忘記做了……TheteacherregrettedtotellTomhedidn'tpasstheexam,andTomregrettednotstudyinghard.老師遺憾地告訴湯姆他沒通過考試，湯姆后悔沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)。Whentheysawtheteacher,theystoppedtalking.當(dāng)他們看見老師時(shí)，他們停止說話。Shefoundmeintroubleandshestoppedtohelpme.她發(fā)現(xiàn)我有麻煩，于是停下來幫我。3．動(dòng)詞allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語；如果動(dòng)詞后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即“allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.”。Myparentsdon'tallowsmokinginourhouse.我父母不允許在家里抽煙。Myparentsdon'tallowmetosmokeinourhouse.我父母不允許我在家里抽煙。4．need、require、want表示“需要”時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)名詞,表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于接不定式的被動(dòng)形式(tobedone)。有類似用法的還有deserve(值得、應(yīng)該)。Theconditionofthiscarissoserious.Itreallyneedsrepairing/toberepairedbeforedrivingontheroadagain.這輛車的狀況是如此糟糕，它再次上路前確實(shí)需要維修一下?！究键c(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】(1)(2020·天津卷7月)Makingafull--lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintend___________(do)!(2)(2019·北京卷)Successmeans___________(get)personaldesiressatisfied.(3)HisT--shirtrequires_______________________(wash)．(4)(2020·天津卷7月)Heconvincedthepolicedepartmenttoallowhim___________(set)upacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一不定式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語一、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語1．不定式作表語時(shí)表示預(yù)測(cè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示未來的可能性或假設(shè)。Youmustspeakout,ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我們還想繼續(xù)做朋友的話,你就必須痛痛快快地把話都說出來。2．當(dāng)主語是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。3．主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,表示將來特定的某一次動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用不定式作表語。Whatshewouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.她建議把會(huì)議推遲。溫馨提示：不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平?！究键c(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】完成句子我從小就有很多夢(mèng)想。現(xiàn)在我的夢(mèng)想是開一家咖啡館。I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamis_____________．教育的目的是培養(yǎng)兒童完美的品格。Thepurposeofeducationis______________________________inchildren.(3)他想做的是在瑪麗面臨困難時(shí)幫助她。Whathewantstodo________________________whensheisinfaceofdifficulty.二、動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般性、抽象性的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式作表語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墻壁。(這是他日常的工作)溫馨提示:作表語的動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，即主語與表語可互換位置。如果句中的主語和表語同為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意保持兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.＝Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。三、分詞作表語1．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì),說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等。作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing。這類分詞有“令人……的”的含義，常修飾物。Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。Hisperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.他的表演非常有趣，給我們帶來很多的樂趣。2．過去分詞作表語(1)過去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Tomwasastonishedtoseeasnakemovingacrossthefloor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finallythebabyfelttiredofplayingwiththosetoys.最后嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。過去分詞作表語時(shí)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)；而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Thelibraryisnowclosed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(動(dòng)作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。(3)感覺類及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等，常譯作“感到……的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物，常譯作“令人……的”。Wewereamazedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上講的話很驚訝。Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。溫馨提示;exciting令人激動(dòng)的excited激動(dòng)的、興奮的astonishing令人驚訝的astonished驚訝的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感動(dòng)失望的frightening令人害怕的frightened感動(dòng)害怕的moving令人感動(dòng)的moved受感動(dòng)的puzzling令人困惑的puzzled感到困惑的一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Iregret________youthatyouhavefailedthetestandsuggestyou________betterpreparationsnexttime.A．informing;making B．toinform;tomakeC．toinform;making D．informing;tomake2．It’snouse________abouttheresult.Whatyoushoulddoistotakeaction.A．complain B．complaining C．tocomplain D．Complained3．____suchacomplexproblemrequiresnotonlyprofessionalknowledgebutalsoagreatdealofpatience.A．Solve B．Solved C．Tosolve D．Solving4．______toaforeigncultureisbeneficialforustocomprehendthelocalculture.A．Exposed B．Beingexposed C．Exposing D．Toexpose5．Inadditionto______moneyasideforuniversity,italsomeansinvestinginyourself.A．put B．putting C．beingput D．haveput6．Itremains________whetherthenewtrafficregulationswilladapttotheactualsituationaftertheyareissued.A．tosee B．seeing C．beingseen D．tobeseen7．______toomuchTVdoesharmtooureyes.A．Watching B．Tohavewatched C．Watched D．Tobewatching8．WuGuanzhong’sgoalasanartistis________westernprinciplesofartwithChinesespirit.A．combining B．combined C．tocombine D．Combine9．Jamiedecidedtojointhebasketballteambecauseheenjoyed________himselfaswellasmeetingnewfriends.A．challenged B．challenging C．tochallenge D．Challenge10．________childrentorespectothersisbelievedtobetheresponsibilityofparents.A．Educating B．Toeducate C．Educated D．Educate11．ThenovelIboughtyesterday_________.A．isworthreading B．isworthbeingreadC．isworthyofreading D．wasworthbeingread12．Asachild,myonlylifegoalwas______afamousdancer.A．tobecome B．becoming C．tohavebecome D．Becomes13．Herlackofpreparationresultedin______duringthepresentation.A．fail B．havingfailed C．failed D．Failing14．Duringthemeeting,pleaseremain______untilthespeakerhasfinished.A．seated B．seating C．toseat D．Seat15．______musicrequirescreativityandskill,whichisnotjustaboutfollowingrules.A．Tocompose B．Composing C．Composed D．Compose16．________thetaskontimemadehimunhappy.A．Don’tfinish B．Notfinishing C．Finishingnot D．Nofinish17．Thecompanydecidedtoquit________plasticpackaginginordertoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.A．use B．using C．tousing D．touse18．Helenspentalotoftime______tosolvethemathproblembutshestillhadtrouble______itout.A．trying;towork B．trying;working C．totry;towork D．totry;working19．Tomtends______verywellinamatchandthatmayallowus______thematchtobeheldtomorrow.A．toperform;towin B．toperform;winningC．performing;towin D．performing;winning20．What'smore,________otherssincerelyandkindlymakesabigdifferencetoourlifeandstudy.A．tobetreated B．treating C．treat D．Treated21．WhenLiuWeihadtostop________duetohealthproblems,hedecided________howtoplaythepianowithhistoes.A．toswim;tolearnB．toswim;learning C．swimming;tolearnD．swimming;learning22．Whenyoureadbooksinalibrary,youmustobeytherulestheretoavoid______toleave.A．a(chǎn)sking B．beingasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．havingasked23．Frankandhisfriendshadgreatfun______volleyballonthebeachyesterday.A．play B．playing C．toplay D．Played24．Myfatherisconsidering________acomputer,whichisofgreathelpinourworkandstudy.A．tobuy B．buying C．bought D．havingbought25．Mycomputerneeds________butIforgot________ittotherepairshop.A．torepair;taking B．torepair;totake C．repairing;totake D．repairing;taking26．Hisheartsankthemomenthereadthemessage—Weregret________youthatyouhaven’tbeenselectedforourschoolsoccerteam.A．toinform B．informing C．havinginformed D．tohaveinformed27．It’sdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A．toaccept B．a(chǎn)ccept C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．Accepted28．Hisuniquetalentinmusichelpedhimget______asarisingstar.A．recognized B．torecognize C．recognizing D．Recognize29．Thereistoomuchworkathand,sowehavetopostpone__________themovieuntilnextweek.A．watching B．watched C．towatch D．Watch30．Herjobis________patientsinthehospital;butthisweekendhertaskis

________hergranny.A．nursing;lookingafter B．nursing;tolookafterC．tonurse;lookingafter D．tonurse;tolookafter1．(detect)subtledifferencesindataisakeycomponentintheadvancementofscientificresearchandtechnology.Itisreallyhardforthepublic(convince)ofthenecessityandimmediacyofsocialreforms.YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wascommittedto(remove)hungeracrosstheworld.Thescientiststronglyopposes(advocate)fortherelaxationofenvironmentalregulations.Hesetabout(help)homelesswomenandchildrentoplaceofsafety.Theteamfailed(win)thefirstplace.Teenagerswhohavemorefatandsugarintheirdietaremorelikely(put)onweight.Ittookhimalongtime(acquire)theskillsthatheneededforhisjob.Aforeignexchangeprogramiswellworth(try),asitopensupnewopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth.Nowadays,manypeoplestruggle(keep)thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.Theexpertwassoaddictedto(do)theprojectthathedidn’tnoticemecomein.Whenweareonvacation,(rent)abikeisagreatwaytoexploreanewcity.Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)