2025年高二英語寒假銜接(外研版)專題5.非謂語動詞(學生版)_第1頁
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非謂語動詞非謂語動詞概述1.什么是非謂語動詞?非謂語動詞是動詞的特殊形式,在句子中可以充當謂語以外的成分。2.非謂語動詞在句子中的作用一個句子中已存在一個主句(含謂語動詞),又沒有連詞的情況下,再出現(xiàn)一個動詞則用非謂語動詞。eg.Shegotoffthebus,butsheleftherhandbagontheseat.(有并列連詞,所以用謂語動詞)Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagontheseat.(沒有連詞,所以用非謂語動詞)3.非謂語動詞的種類:動詞的-ing形式、過去分詞和不定式??键c一動詞的-ing形式Reading①isoneofXiaoMeng’shobbies.Sinceshewasachild,shehasbeendreamingofbecoming②awriter.Lastmonth,shereadabookdescribing③lovebetweenabossandasleeping④beauty—agirlwhosegiftissolving⑤difficultproblemsinherdreams.Hercolleaguesoftenfoundhersolving⑥problemswhilesleeping⑦soundly.Thebookisveryinteresting⑤.XiaoMengreallyenjoysreading②thenovelandimaginessolving②difficultproblemsinherowndreams.動詞的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主語②作賓語③作后置定語④作前置定語⑤作表語⑥作賓補⑦作狀語一、-ing的形式語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、核心考點1.動詞-ing形式作主語(doing/beingdone作主語不表示正在進行,只表示主/被動)(1)動名詞短語作主語時,可以直接放在句首。謂語動詞常常用單數(shù),但表示多于一個的概念時,謂語動詞則用復數(shù)。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite.玩手機游戲是他的最愛。Dancingandskatingaremyhobbies,andIalsoliketoreadshortstories.跳舞和溜冰是我的愛好,同時我也喜歡讀短篇小說。Beinglaughedatinpublicmademeembarrassed.當眾被人嘲笑讓我感到尷尬。(2)有時用it作形式主語,常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson.想要說服這樣一個固執(zhí)的人是沒有什么用處的。Itisnopleasurebeingblamedinthefaceofotherstudents.當著其他同學的面被責備是沒有樂趣可言的。2.動詞-ing形式作賓語(doing/beingdone作賓語不表示正在進行,只表示主/被動)(1)動詞-ing形式可以作介詞的賓語IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando.我通過做力所能及的家務活幫助媽媽。Theboycriedloudlyfornotbeingallowedtoentertheamusementpark.這孩子因不被允許進入游樂場而大聲哭泣。注意:以下短語中to都是介詞beusedtodoing習慣于objectto反對devoteoneselfto致力于stickto堅持payattentionto注意lookforwardto期盼adaptto適應adjustto使適應于owe...to歸咎于beaddictedto對……上癮(2)動詞-ing形式可以作某些及物動詞的賓語,只跟動名詞(doing)作賓語的動詞有:mind(介意),miss(錯過),mention(提到),enjoy(喜歡),escape(逃避),practise(練習),postpone(推遲),permit(允許),suggest(建議),stand(bear,tolerate)(忍受),consider(考慮),keep(保持),avoid(避免),admit(承認),advise(建議),allow(允許),appreciate(感激),risk(冒險),resist(抵制),recommend(建議),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),imagine(想象),dislike(不喜歡),delay(延遲),quit(放棄),deny(否認)Thethiefkeptrunningtoavoid/escapebeingcaughtbythepolice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolin,becausehisneighborcan’ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday.Theotherday,shepromisedtogiveTomtendollarsaweekifhegaveupdoingit.Tomimagineshavinglotsofmoneyandcan’tresisttakingheradvice.小湯姆正考慮放棄練習拉小提琴,因為他的鄰居難以忍受每天聽到這噪音。前幾天,她答應每周給湯姆10美元如果他放棄練琴的話。湯姆想象著有很多錢,忍不住接受了她的建議。3.動詞-ing形式作表語(1)doing作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。(此時doing名詞意義較強,doing/beingdone作表語不表示正在進行,只表示主/被動)Myhobbyisreadingbooks.我的興趣愛好是讀書。WhatmademehappywasbeingadmittedtoPekingUniversity.讓我高興的是(我)被北京大學錄取了。(2)如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞-ing形式則形容詞意義較強,表示“令人……的”,往往物作主語。如:amazing,boring,confusing,disappointing,exciting,frightening等等。Thenewsissurprising.這則消息令人吃驚。單句語法填空Heenjoys(listen)toviolinmusic,(play)mah-jong,swimming(swim)and(read).2.Mary’s(late)forclassmadeherteacherangry.3.Itisnouse(argue)withhimaboutsuchamatter.4.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithout(expand)theareaofthefields.5.(spend)moneyonhimselfor(lead)acomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.動詞-ing形式作定語(當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關(guān)系且動作正在進行時,用doing;當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示分詞動作正在進行時,用beingdone)(1)單個的動詞-ing形式作定語,放在被修飾詞之前。fallingleaves正在落下的樹葉asleepingchild睡著的孩子aswimmingpool游泳池areadingroom閱覽室(動名詞可置于名詞前作定語,表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能)(2)動詞-ing形式短語作定語,要放在被修飾詞之后。thegirlwearingareddress穿紅裙子的女孩thebridgebeingbuiltnow現(xiàn)在在建的大橋5.動詞-ing形式作狀語(1)doing與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,與句中謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.走在大街上,我碰到一個老朋友。(2)havingdone與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours,theoldmanbecameimpatient.已經(jīng)排了兩小時的隊,這個老人變得不耐煩了。(3)havingbeendone與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain.已經(jīng)被告知很多次,這個小男孩還是一次又一次犯相同的錯。6.動詞-ing形式作賓補現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時,賓語與賓語補足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,結(jié)構(gòu)為vt.+sb./sth.+doing...??梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動詞(短語)有:“一感一抓一發(fā)現(xiàn),二聽四讓和五看”(feel,catch,find,listento/hear,have/keep/get/leave,see/watch/lookat/observe/notice)WhenIleftschool,Isawthemplayingbasketballontheplayground.當我離開學校時,我看到他們在操場上打籃球。Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingmeforsuchalongtime.很抱歉讓你等我這么長時間。Theheadmasterwasangrytocatchsomestudentssmokingagain.又一次抓住一些學生吸煙,校長很生氣。單句語法填空1.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.2.Thematter(discuss)nowissoimportantthatitwillattracteveryone’sattention.3.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.動詞的過去分詞形式Dropped①ontheground,thecellphone’sscreenwasbroken;thoughseen①inthedistance,itstilllookedOK.XiaoMinghadtogetitrepaired②.However,torepairsuchabroken③cellphoneneededalotofmoney.XiaoMingwasreallyworried④.動詞的過去分詞形式在句子中作什么成分①作狀語②作賓補③作定語④作表語1.過去分詞作定語當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示分詞動作已完成時,用done。單個的過去分詞作定語,往往放在被修飾詞之前;過去分詞短語作定語,常放在被修飾詞之后。thepollutedwater被污染的水a(chǎn)brokenglass一只打碎的玻璃杯thebridgecompletedlastmonth上周竣工的大橋theflowersplantedlastyear去年種的花2.過去分詞作狀語其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語,且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者,過去分詞與主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Praisedbytheteacher,helookedveryexcited.受到了老師的表揚,他看起來很激動。Seenfromthetopofthemountain,ourcitylooksbeautiful.從山頂上望去,我們的城市很美。3.過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓語補足語時,賓語與賓語補足語之間在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系,構(gòu)成vt.+sb./sth.+done結(jié)構(gòu)??梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有:(1)感官動詞see,watch,hear,feel,find,notice等;(2)使役動詞have,make,keep,leave,get等;(3)表示“想、希望、好惡”的單詞,如want,wish,like等。IhearthesongsungeverytimeIpassbythecoffeeshop.每當我經(jīng)過這家咖啡屋,我都能聽到有人唱這首歌。Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard.她不得不提高嗓門使自己被聽到。Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired.這個老人想要找人修他的舊手表。4.過去分詞作表語如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞的過去分詞形式,則形容詞意義較強,表示“感到……的”,往往人作主語。如:amazed,bored,confused,disappointed,excited,frightened等等。Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews.當她告訴我這個令人興奮的消息時,我感到非常驚訝。單句語法填空1.However,inthe(arrange)marriagesoftheolddaysofChina,therewereindeedquitealotofbrideswhocriedovertheirunsatisfactorymarriageandeventheirmiserablelife.2.Hewassleepingwhenheheardhisname(shout)fromtheoutside.3.(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.考點三動詞的不定式CiaoMingwantstoplay①cellphonegameseverydayandhisdreamistoplay②videogamesforthreedaysandnightscontinuously.Buthehassomuchhomeworktodo③.Inordertohave④achancetoplay③cellphonegames,XiaoMingdecidestostudy①hardtoget④ahighscore.Hereallyhopesthathisfatherwillallowhimtoplay⑤cellphonegameseveryday.Toobtain⑥suchachanceisnoteasy.動詞的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作賓語②作表語③作定語④作狀語⑤作賓補⑥作主語一、不定式的形式語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone二、核心考點1.不定式作主語(1)不定式作主語時,可以直接放在句首,謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow.進入一所好大學深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標。(2)不定式作主語時,更多放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語,常用于“Itis/was+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中。It’srudetoturnyourbacktoyourteacherandrefusetoanswer.背對著老師,拒絕回答問題是不禮貌的。It’snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed.我們有必要幫助那些有困難的人。2.不定式作賓語(1)不定式可在intend(打算),plan(計劃),expect(期望),pretend(假裝),wouldlike/love/prefer(喜歡),wish(希望),decide(決定),agree(同意),help(幫助),manage(設(shè)法),persuade(說服),refuse(拒絕),seem/appear(好像),promise(答應),attempt(企圖),choose(選擇),ask(詢問),learn(學習),tell(告訴),fail(失敗),afford(付得起)等后作賓語。Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone.Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything.老師決定假裝已經(jīng)知道這些男孩子們做了什么。他選擇不去問孩子們,但是期望被告知一切。(2)在某些動詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe等后,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語不定式后置。Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell,butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords.他認為學好英語很重要,但是發(fā)現(xiàn)記單詞很難。3.不定式作表語不定式作表語,主語往往是dream,goal,aim,purpose,plan等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity.我的夢想是大學畢業(yè)后當一名醫(yī)生。Theaimofthetalentshowistoenrichstudents’extra-curricularactivities.這次才藝秀的目的是豐富學生們的課外活動。4.不定式作定語(1)當被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞,theonly,thenext等修飾時,常常用todo作定語。Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea.約翰總是第一個想出好辦法的人。(2)用在固定句型sb.havesth.todo和therebesth.todo中。Studentscomplainthattheyhaveendlesshomeworktodoeveryday.學生們抱怨他們每天有做不完的作業(yè)。(3)修飾某些名詞,如chance,opportunity,way,ability,plan等。Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere.有機會在這里發(fā)表演講,我感到萬分榮幸。5.不定式作狀語(1)不定式作目的狀語時,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等,但soastodo不能置于句首。Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning.我早晨早起是為了趕早班車。(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常用于too...todo,enoughto,so/such...asto結(jié)構(gòu)中。only/justtodo常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly,onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind.我興沖沖地讓媽媽搭帳篷,卻被告知忘帶帳篷了。EverytimeIprepareforanimportantexamination,Iwillbetooanxioustofallasleep.每次我準備重要考試時,我都會因太焦慮而睡不著。(3)在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作原因狀語。IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday.我很高興得知暑假你要來中國旅游。6.不定式作賓補(1)在很多動詞后都可以用不定式作賓語補足語,如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty.我寫信邀請您來參加我的生日晚會。(2)下列動詞(短語)接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語:“一感”(feel),“二聽”(hear,listento),“三使”(let,have,make),“五看”(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),“半幫助”(help),但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需加to。Ioftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently.=Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecently.我經(jīng)常聽到這個小女孩唱這首最近很流行的歌。單句語法填空1.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.(stay)warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,andthensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.3.Somepeopletrytoknockmedown,only(make)memoredeterminedtodobetter.4.Theworkersseem(compromise)withtheboss,becausetheyarepreparedtoreturntowork.層級一基礎(chǔ)達標練單句語法填空1.Sometimeswefindher(drive)thetractoronthefarm.2.LiLeiisaskinghisdeskmate(help)himthinkofaforeignname.3.—Hi,LiHong!Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.—Oh,Iwasbusy(get)readyforthecomingexams.4.Theoldmenenjoy(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.5.Thegirl(stand)underthetreeismycousinKate.6.Books(write)ineasyEnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents.7.Ifoundthedoor(close)whenIgothome.8.Whentheymetagain,theyweretooexcited(say)aword.9.I’mhungry.Getmesomething(eat).10.—Howlongdidittakeyou(do)yourhomeworkyesterday?—Abouthalfanhour.層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1.Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.(2020·全國Ⅱ)2.Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020·全國Ⅱ)3.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.(2020·全國Ⅲ)4.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020·全國Ⅲ)5.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor(walk)througharainforest.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)6.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.(2020·浙江)7.(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.(2020·天津,5月)8.Thelocalgovernmentdoesn’thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection(promote)economicgrowth.(2020·天津,5月)9.(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019·天津)10.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpo

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