初中英語語法全解全練：中考英語語法專項復習動詞分類及短語

中考英語語法專項復習動詞的分類及動詞短語【中考解讀】【考點分布】1.實義動詞2.連系動詞3.助動詞4.情態(tài)動詞【考點內容】掌握實義動詞中及物動詞和不及物動詞的語法作用和延續(xù)性動詞的用法，牢記連系動詞和助動詞基本用法及情態(tài)動詞的辨析與運用?！久}趨勢】1.考察在特殊語境中動詞、連系動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞的運用2.實義動詞的詞義辨析【動詞定義】：表示動作和狀態(tài)的詞【動詞分類】：動詞按照其詞義和在句中的作用可分為：實義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞一、系動詞系動詞有一定的詞義，不但不完整，不能單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質、特征或身份。具體分類見下表類別功能例詞表示狀態(tài)的be動詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)am,

is,

are,

was,

were表示持續(xù)的系動詞表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份或狀態(tài)keep,

remain,

stay,

stand,

lie表示感官的系動詞表示人體感官的系動詞look,

feel,

smell,

taste,

sound表示狀態(tài)的系動詞表示主語從一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)become,

get,

go,

grow,

turnSheisafriendlygirlandalwaysgetsonwellwithothers.她很友好，總是能和別人友好相處。Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.她比三年前漂亮多了。Thewindowremainedopenallthenight.這扇窗子整夜開著。Thefoodinthatrestaurantlooksdelicious,butittastesbad.那家餐館的食物看起來不錯，但嘗起來難吃?！咀⒁狻浚海?）一般情況下，系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。（2）表示狀態(tài)的系動詞一般不用于進行時（feel除外）；變化系動詞表示“漸漸……”，可用于進行時。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天氣漸漸變得暖和。[同步練習]=1\*GB3①—Theoranges____________sweet.—Ofcourse.TheyarefromYongxing,Chenzhou.tasteB.eatC.drink=2\*GB3②—Whydoyou______soupset?—BecauseIdidn’tgetthefirstplaceintheEnglishcompetition.lookB.soundC.smellD.feelKey:A,A二、助動詞助動詞：本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、人稱和數(shù)，構成否定、疑問、強調、省略等。主要的助動詞有be,do,doesdidhave,hasshall,will等。1.助動詞be助動詞功能例句be現(xiàn)在進行時：

am/

is/

are+現(xiàn)在分詞I

am

reading

a

book.我正在看書。過去進行時：

was/were+過去分詞I

was

cooking

when

my

mom

came

back.當我媽媽回來的時候我正在煮飯。被動語態(tài)：

be+過去分詞The

clock

was

broken.那個鐘表壞了。2.助動詞do助動詞功能例句do構成疑問句、否定句（形式有do,

does,

did）Do

you

come

from

Japan?你來自日本嗎？加強語氣Do

be

careful!一定要小心點！代替主要動詞He

could

dance

as

well

as

he

did

before.他舞跳得和從前一樣好。構成否定祈使Don’t

smoke

here!不要在這里吸煙！3.助動詞have/will/shall助動詞功能例句have構成現(xiàn)在完成時I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.我在香港呆了兩天。will/

shall構成一般將來時He

will

go

to

America

tomorrow.他明天將要去美國。

We

said

we

should

finish

the

work

soon.我們說過會很快完成那份工作的。[同步練習]=1\*GB3①—Hello,Lisa.What'sthematter?—I______findmymobilephone._______youseenit?A.couldn't;DidB.can't;HaveC.need;HadD.must;Are=2\*GB3②—Who_____thefirstpaperintheworld?—CaiLun______A.invented;didB.wasinvented;wasC.didinvented;wasD.invented;was.=3\*GB3③“重要的事情說三遍”canbetranslatedinto“Importantthingsmustbeagainandagainandagain.”spokenB.repeatedC.describedD.introducedKey:B,A,B三實義動詞實義動詞含有實在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨立作謂語。實義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞1.及物動詞之后要跟名詞或代詞等作賓語意思才完整=1\*GB3①及物動詞+賓語CouldIuseyourcomputer?=2\*GB3②及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語Vegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.【拓展】帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：makesbdosthletsbdosthhavesbdosthseesb.dosthwatchsb.dosthhearsb.dosthnoticesb.dosth=3\*GB3③及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Tomlentmeabookyesterday.【常見帶雙賓語的動詞】：give/bring/buy/lend/get/leave/make/offer/pass/teach/tell/write/show等【拓展】具有類似用法的還有：givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.lendgivesb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.2.不及物動詞不及物動詞不能接賓語。TomarrivedlastSunday.Hetalksinaloudvoice.【注】有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)2.不及物動詞后不能直接跟賓語，但不及物動詞后往往跟一個介詞，構成短語動詞之后才能跟賓語。Ioftenlistentomusiconweekends.(1).有些動詞既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)(2)有些不及物動詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構成動詞短語，它相當于一個及物動詞。1)動詞+介詞Tomislookingforhislostpen.Whatareyoutalkingabout?【注】此類動詞后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后面，不能放在動詞和介詞之間。2)動詞+副詞WhenIgrowup,I’llbeapolicemantocatchthieves.Shedressedherselfupbeforethepartystarted.【注】代詞作賓語時必須放在動詞后、副詞前，當賓語是名詞時，放在副詞前后均可。（動副短語代夾）3)動詞+副詞+介詞Keepawayfromthedangerousbuilding.Let’skeepintouchwitheachother.。4)動詞+名詞+介詞YoushouldpayattentiontoyourEnglishspeaking.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.【注】這類詞組的名詞前可以加形容詞作定語，賓語只能放在介詞之后。5)be+形容詞+介詞Heisinterestedinscience.I’msurprisedatthenews.?？紕釉~辨析1.pay,spend,cost與take易混詞主語常用結構例句spend人sb

spend

time/money

on

sth

某人在某事上花費時間/金錢

sb

spend

time/money

(in)

doing

sth

某人花費時間/金錢做某事He

spends

much

money

on

books.他將很多錢花在買書上。pay人sb

pay

some

money

for

sth某人為某物而付款；

sb

pay

for

sth某人為某物付錢，賠償Hehaspaidthedoctor50poundsforthemedicine.他買藥付給醫(yī)生50英鎊cost事或物cost sthcost(sb)somemoney某物花費(某人)多少錢Itcostsyou12poundstogotoLondonbyship.乘船到倫敦要花費你12英鎊。takeitittakessbsometimetodosth某人花費多長時間做某事Ittookmetenminutestogotothepostoffice.我去郵局花了十分鐘時間。[同步練習]=1\*GB3①—Whatwillthephone________？—Thesameasyousaid,eighthundreddollarseach.A.spendB.costC.payD.afford=2\*GB3②Beforestamps,peopledidn’t_____fortheletterstheysent,butfortheletterstheyreceived.A.payB.costC.spendD.take=3\*GB3③—I’msorry,MrHu.I_____myEnglishexercisebookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember_____itherethisafternoon.A.forgot;tobring B.left;totake C.forgot;totake D.left;tobring=4\*GB3④—HowmuchdoestheTV________?—Nottoomuch.It’sjustasecond-handedone?cost B.spend C.take D.payforKey:BADAspeak,tell,talk與say(1)say強調說話的內容或“(某處)寫有”。SaysthtosbIcansayitinEnglish.我能用英語把它說出來。(2)speak作不及物動詞時，強調說話的動作；作及物動詞時，后面加語言。SpeaktosbThebabycan'tspeak.這個嬰兒不會說話。speakEnglish說英語(3)talk強調兩人之間的談話。常見搭配：talkwith/tosb和某人交談；talkaboutsth談論某事。(4)tell意為“告訴；講述”，后面常接雙賓語。Didyoutellherthenews?你把這個消息告訴她了嗎？SheistalkingwithLucyinEnglish.她正在用英語和露茜交談。?？即钆鋞ellsbastory給某人講故事Tellsbsth告訴某人某事Tellalie撒謊tellthetruth說實話Tellsb(not)todosth告訴某人（不要）做某事—Doyouknowwhyhedidn’t____awordwhenhe________to?—Becausehewastonervous.A.speak;speaksB.say;wasspokenC.say；spokeD.speak;isspokenKey:Cbring,take,carry,get,fetch[同步練習]=1\*GB3①Sam,myiPhoneisinmybedroom.Couldyou_______itforme?-Noproblem.AbringBfetchCtakeDcarry=2\*GB3②—I’veleftmykeysinthemeetingroom.Please___themforme.—Allright.A.buyB.paintC.washD.fetch=3\*GB3③—I’msorryIleftmyhomeworkathome.ShallIgoand_____it?—No,youneedn’t.Bringitheretomorrow.getB.sendC.takeD.passKey:BDA4.borrow,lend,keep單詞意義常見搭配例句borrow借(進)borrow

sth

from

sb

向某人借某物Youcanborrowthisbookfromthelibrary.你可以從圖書館借這本書lend借(出)lend

sb

sth＝lend

sth

to

sb

借給某人某物Youmustn'tlendthisbooktoothers.你不能把這本書借給別人。keep保留，

引申為

“借用”“sb

keep

sth＋時間段”表示“某人借某多長時間”，也可與how

long連用Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.這本書你可以借兩個星期[同步練習]=1\*GB3①—Excuseme,canI____yourpen?—Sorry,Ihave____ittoBob.A.borrow;lentB.borrow;borrowedC.lend;borrowedD.lend;lent=2\*GB3②I______＄300forthebike.A.tookB.spentC.costD.paid=3\*GB3③Itonly_______mehalfanhour_______toschooleverydaylastterm.A.takes;ridingB.spent;torideC.cost;walkD.took;towalk=4\*GB3④Whereareyougoing?Tothelibrary.I'vefinishedreadingthisbook,soI’mgoingto_______ it.A.buy B.throw C.return D.borrow=5\*GB3⑤—HowlongmayI___________yourdictionary?Foroneweek.Butitmustn't______________toothers.A.keep,belentB.borrow,lendC.lend,beborrowedD.have,borrowKey:ADDCAwatch,look,see，read[同步練習]=1\*GB3①Iprefer_____TVto_____books.A.watching；readingB.Reading；watchingC.seeing；watchingD.watching；looking=2\*GB3②I_____anarticleaboutfirstaid.It’susefulwhenIhaveanaccident.readB.sawC.lookedD.watchedKey:AA6.lookfor,find,lookup，findoutlookfor意為“尋找”，強調找的動作和過程。find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，強調找的結果。findout意為“查出，獲知”，強調經過研究、調查而得。(4)lookup“向上看，查字典”，跟代詞作賓語時，代詞放中間。Shelookedupandshesawmanybirdsinthesky.她抬頭仰望，看見天空中有許多鳥兒。[同步練習]=1\*GB3①—WhatisAmydoing?—She’s_____herEnglishbook.A.lookingB.lookingforC.lookingout=2\*GB3②Weneedtodosomeresearchto_______theanswer.A.findout B.lookout C.handout D.takeout=3\*GB3③—Couldyoutellmesomeinformationaboutthehotelsinyourcountry?—Whynot_______ontheInternet?A.lookforitB.tolookforitC.lookitupD.tolookitup=4\*GB3④Mymotherisillinhospital.Ihavetomygrandparentsathome.lookforB.lookatC.lookupD.lookafterKey:BACD7.wear/puton/dress詞性及用法含義賓語其他wearv.表示

狀態(tài)

穿著，

戴著

衣服、鞋、帽、圍巾、領帶、眼鏡等put

on的反義短語是take

off；put

on還可表示“上演”，take

off也可表示“(飛機)起飛”。

4.be

dressed

in＝be

in＝be

wearing

穿著；5.get

dressed

穿戴好；dress

up

(as)裝扮成留著胡須Put

onv.表示動作穿上，帶上

衣服、鞋、帽等dressv.表示動作給某人穿衣服某人（或自己）[同步練習]=1\*GB3①Shehurriedly______thechildandtookhimdownstair.A.putonB.woreC.dressedD.hadon=2\*GB3②AlthoughLucyisonlythreeyearsold,sheisableto____herself.A.putB.makeC.wearD.dress=3\*GB3③WhyareyouaT-shirt?You’llprobablycatchacoldinthiscoldweather.A.wearingB.recyclingC.pullingD.sellingKey:CDA8.attend，join，joinin與takepartinattend指參加會議、婚禮、葬禮、典禮、去上課、上學、聽報告等。如：◆join有兩個用法：①指加入某個黨派、團體組織等，成為其成員之一，意為“參軍、入團、入黨”等。②參加到某個人群中去，其結構為：joinsb.in(doing）sth.，根據(jù)上下文，in(doing）sth.中doing也可以省去?！鬸oinin多指參加小規(guī)模的活動，如“球賽、游戲”等，常用于日常口語。如：◆takepartin指參加某項臨時性的活動。如：(1)join表示加入某一黨派或社會團體等組織而成為其中的一員。joinin意為“加入；參加(某種活動)”，表示“參加某人的某種活動”時，可用joinsbin(doing)sth。Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?你愿意和我們一起打籃球嗎？takepartin指參加會議或群眾性活動，重在說明句子主語參加該項活動并在其中發(fā)揮作用。[同步練習]He______anEnglishclublastyearandhasimprovedhisEnglishalot.AprotectedBproducedCjoinedDreceivedKey:Creach，arrive與getto詞匯詞性用法例句arrive不及物動詞arrive

in+大地方

arrive

at+小地方HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.他昨天到了上海。reach及物動詞reach+地方WhendidyoureachNewYork?你什么時候到紐約的？get

to動詞詞組get

to+地方Wegottothetopofthemountainatnoon.我們在中午到達了山頂。[同步練習]—Whowasthefirstto____schoolyesterday?—Tomwas.reachB.getC.arriveKey:Ahearfrom，hearof與hear詞匯釋義+用法例句hear

from“收到……的來信”,后加sb.I

heard

from

my

father

last

week.hearof“聽說”，后面加sth./sb.HaveyoueverheardoftheGreatWall?你聽說過長城嗎？hear“聽到”+賓語+賓補Ihearagirlsinging.我聽到一個女孩在唱歌。“聽說”+賓語從句Iheardthatyoucancurecancerwiththismedicine.我聽說你可以用這藥來治癌癥11.turnon,turnoff,turnup與turndown【拓展】：turn短語小結turnaround轉身，調頭turnback返回，折回turnin上交，告發(fā)turninto成為，翻譯turnout結果是，出席turnover翻身，翻轉turnto翻到，轉向inturn依次地，輪流地It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了=1\*GB3①.—Wouldyouliketoattendthefarewellpartynextweek,Mr.Huang?—Sure,I’dloveto.Ihavenoreasonto_____yourinvitation.A.turndown B.turnoff C.turnup D.turnon=2\*GB3②Wouldyouplease_______yourMP3alittle?Yourbabysisterissleeping.turnup B.turndown C.turnon D.turninKey:A.B12.provide，offer,give與supply◆provide指“供給，提供，裝備，準備”，providesbwithsth◆offer強調“主動提供”,offersbsth=offersthtosb◆give意為“供給,給出”，givesbsth=givesthtosb=1\*GB3①—How’sBobnow?—Iheardthecompany_____himaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.A.donatedB.servedC.offeredD.introduced=2\*GB3②Parentsoftentheirchildrensomegoodadvice.offer:withB.offer;／C.provide;withD.bothBandCKey:CD一、短語動詞分類：1.動詞+介詞askfor請求belongto屬于lookat看lookafter照顧learnfrom向…學習remindof提醒takeafter與…相像arrive

in／at到達

ask

for要，請求

do

well

in在……方面做得好

go

on繼續(xù)

hear

from收到……來信

hear

of聽說

Helpsb.with

sth.幫助……做

laugh

at嘲笑

learn

from向……學習

leave

for離開一地去另一地

talk

to與……談話

go

in

for從事，致力于

put

up穿上，掛上

take

down拿下，取了

look

at（有意識地）看

speak

to對某人說

send

for派人去請

shout

at大聲叫喊，吼叫

take

away拿走，帶走

think

of考慮，關心

Turninto把……變成

wait

for等候，等待

take

off脫下，起飛

turn

on／off打開（關上）

listen

to聽

look

after照顧，照看

look

for尋找

look

like

看上去像

get

to

到達

point

to

指著……

fill

with充滿，裝滿

begin

with以……開始

deal／do

with處置，對待

meet

with偶爾遇見，遭遇

pass

on傳遞

belong

to屬于write

to寫信給……

call

on號召，訪問，邀請

die

of死于……

depend

on依靠，依賴smile

at向……微笑

believe

in信任

2.動詞+副詞takeaway拿走wakeup醒來putoff推遲giveout分發(fā)thinkover考慮endup結束3.動詞+副詞+介詞comeupwith提出，想出runoutof用完getalongwith與…相處dowellin擅長lookforwardto期望4.動詞+名詞+介詞takepartin參加makeuseof利用payattentionto注意takecareof照顧5.系動詞+形容詞+介詞bestrictwith對……要求嚴格bemadat對…..惱火befullof充滿bedifferentfrom與……不同二、短語動詞的用法：1.以介詞結尾的短語動詞，后面接名詞，代詞，動名詞作其賓語，該名詞，代詞或動名詞必須放在介詞的后面。thinkof想起lookafter照顧lookfor尋找agreewith同意askfor請求2.“動詞+副詞”結構的短語動詞后可解名詞，代詞或動名詞作賓語。（1）接名詞時，可以放在短語中間，或短語之后（2）接代詞時，代詞只能放在動詞或副詞之間puton穿上putoff脫下putup掛起giveup放棄giveaway捐贈handout分發(fā)wakeup叫醒1.相同動詞+不同介詞①look短語1lookafter照顧;照看2.lookat看;朝……看3.lookdownupon看不起;輕視4.lookforwardto盼望;期待5.lookfor尋找;尋求6.lookinto向……里面看去;調查7.looklike看起來像8.lookoutof...往……外看9.lookout當心;留神10.lookover檢查11.lookthrough瀏覽12.lookupto欽佩;仰慕13.lookup（在詞典、參考書等中）查閱;查找②turn短語）turnon打開,turnoff關閉，turnup調高；調大，turndown調??；調低o把……變成③put短語）putup舉手；張貼，puton穿上，putoff推遲，putdown寫下；記下，putaway把……收起來放好，putout熄滅，出版2.不同動詞+相同介詞①up短語giveup放棄，fixup修理，cheerup使……高興，getup起床，setup建立，wakeup使……醒來，takeup占據(jù)，從事②with短語comeupwith想出，catchupwith趕上，beginwith以……開始，startwith以……開始，endupwith以……結束。:keepout阻止進入，helpout分發(fā)，泄露，takeaway帶走；拿走，giveaway幫助……中考必須掌握的動詞短語記憶歸納】動詞短語1.aimat瞄準；針對；致力于；旨在2.arriveat(in)aplace到達某地3.beginwith...以……開始4.believein信任；信賴5.belongto屬于6.blowout吹來7.breakdown停止運轉；出故障8.breakoff突然中止；中斷9.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)10.bringback恢復；使想起；歸還11.bringgoodluckto...給……帶來好運12.bringout使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出13.bringup教育；培養(yǎng)14.call(sb.)back（給某人）回電話15.careabout關心；在意16.carefor關心；關懷；照顧17.catchupwith趕上（或超過）18.changeinto轉換成；把……變成19.checkin報到；登記20.checkout查明；結賬21.cheerup使振奮；使高興起來22.cleanout清除；把……打掃干凈23.cleanup（把……）打掃干凈；（把……）收拾整齊24.clean...off把……擦掉25.clearout清理；丟掉26.comeacross（偶然）遇見（或發(fā)現(xiàn)）27.comealong（意外地）出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；來到28.comeback回來；想起來29.comefrom出生（于）；來自30.comeon來吧；趕快；加油31.comeout出版；發(fā)表32.comeover順便來訪33.cometrue（希望等）實現(xiàn)34.comeupwith想出；提出（主意、計劃、回答等）35.compare...with比較；對比36.concentrateon全神貫注；專心于37.connectwith...與……相連38.cutout刪除；刪去39.cutdown砍倒40.cutoff切除41.cutup切碎42.dealwith處理；應付43.dependon(upon)依靠；相信；信賴44.dependon視……而定；決定于45.doone’sbest盡某人最大的努力46.dressup穿上盛裝；裝扮47.dropby順便（或偶然）來訪48.eatout出去吃飯49.endup以……結束；結果為……；最后處于50.fallasleep入睡51.fallbehind落后52.falldown落下；摔倒53.fallinlovewith愛上（某人或某物）54.fallinto落入；陷入55.fallover絆倒56.findout查明；發(fā)現(xiàn)；了解57.fixup修理；修補58.getalongwith...與……相處59.getaway逃離60.getback回來61.getinthewayof擋……的路；妨礙62.getoff脫下（衣服等）；下車63.getonwellwith和睦相處；關系良好64.geton相處；進展65.getoutof離開；從……出來66.getout出去；離開67.getover克服；恢復；原諒68.getup起床69.get/bereadyfor為……做好準備70.giveaway贈送；分發(fā)71.giveback歸還；送回；恢復（健康）等72.givebirthto生；產生73.givein投降74.giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)放75.giveup放棄76.give...alift捎（某人）一程77.goforawalk去散步78.gooff發(fā)出響聲79.goondoing...繼續(xù)干某事；不停地干某事80.goonwith繼續(xù)81.goout出去；熄滅82.goover仔細檢查；復習83.gotothemovies看電影84.growup成長；長大85.handin交上；提交；呈送86.handout分發(fā)；發(fā)放87.hangout（俚語）閑蕩；閑逛88.hangup掛斷電話89.haveacold著涼；感冒90.havealook看一看91.haveclasses上課92.hearfrom收到……的來信93.hearof聽說94.helponeselfto請隨便吃點95.helpsb.withsth.在某事上幫助某人96.help(sb.)out幫助（某人）解決困難97.holdonto繼續(xù)；堅持；保持98.hurryup趕快；快點99.joinin參加；加入100.keepintouchwith...與……保持聯(lián)系101.keepoff勿踏；勿踩102.keepout不讓……進入103.keep...awayfrom避免……接近；遠離……104.kicksb.off開除某人105.knockat敲106.knockinto...與……相撞107.laughat嘲笑；取笑108.layout擺開；布置109.leadto導致；導向110.leaveout不包括；不提及；忽略111.liedown躺下112.listento...聽……113.lookafter照顧；照看114.lookat看；朝……看115.lookdownupon看不起；輕視116.lookforwardto盼望；期待117.lookfor尋找；尋求118.lookinto向……里面看去；調查119.looklike看起來像120.lookoutof...往……外看121.lookout當心；留神122.lookover檢查123.lookthrough瀏覽124.lookupto欽佩；仰慕125.lookup（在詞典、參考書等中）查閱；查找126.majorin主修；專研127.makefriendswith...與……交朋友128.makeupone’smind下定決心129.makeup編造；組成；拼湊成;形成；構成130.mixup混合在一起131.openup打開132.passby路過；經過133.passon傳遞134.payattentionto對……注意；留心135.payba