第十講(解析版)(外研版)

2021年新高二暑假精品課程之預(yù)習(xí)+鞏固+嫻熟+突破第十講（解析版）【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1．科學(xué)回顧梳理高一學(xué)年所學(xué)所接觸的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)詞匯和短語，句型和句式，借助語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的語言環(huán)境夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，熟練把控語篇脈絡(luò)和詞匯記憶，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)詞匯量的飛躍，且有助于答題技巧的熟練形成。2．借助寶貴的暑假時(shí)間，科學(xué)高效迎對(duì)新課，新知識(shí)，新語言現(xiàn)象，走近高考，從容應(yīng)對(duì)和解決高中英語的基本技能，達(dá)到知識(shí)，能力和技巧的飛躍和突破?！臼崂碇仉y點(diǎn)】Ⅰ.詞匯初探1．a(chǎn)rtificialadj.人造的，人工的2．victimn．受害者3．capacityn．能力才能4．a(chǎn)ssistantn．助手，助理→assistv．幫助；協(xié)助→assistancen．援助；幫助5．potentiallyadv.潛在地→potentialadj.潛在的；可能的n．潛力；潛能6．a(chǎn)nalysev．分析→analysisn．分析；解析7．illegaladj.非法的，違法的→legaladj.法定的；合法的8．immoraladj.不道德的，道德敗壞的→moraladj.道德的；精神上的Ⅱ.短語互譯1．按照；根據(jù)according_to2．出售on_sale3．關(guān)心；掛念be_concerned_about4．有……的感覺；想要feel_like5．與此相反；相比之下in_contrast6．掛出；閑逛hang_out7．bebasedon根據(jù)；_以……為基準(zhǔn)8．a(chǎn)fterall畢竟；_究竟9．wipeout消滅；徹底摧毀；擦掉10．inthelongrun從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來11．a(chǎn)trisk處境危險(xiǎn)12．liein在于。1eq\a\vs4\al(artificialadj.人造的，人工的)Thosepreciousstonesareartificial.那些寶石是人造的。[歸納拓展](1)artificialintelligence人工智能artificialemotion假裝的情感artificialrainfall人工降雨anartificialsatellite人造衛(wèi)星anartificialsmile假笑(2)artificiallyadv.人工地；人為地；不自然地[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Thegrowersusebothnaturaland_artificial_light.栽培者既用自然光也用人造光。②Shewelcomeduswithan_artificial_smileonherface.她臉上掛著虛偽的笑容來迎接我們。單句語法填空③Weartificially(artificial)buildthisbuildinglikeanoldone.2eq\a\vs4\al(assistantn.助手，助理)Anassistantsattypingawayatatablebesidehim.助手坐在他身旁的一張桌子上埋頭打字。[歸納拓展](1)assistv．幫助assistsb.in/withsth.幫助某人某事assistsb.todosth./indoingsth.幫助某人做某事(2)assistancen．協(xié)助，援助beofassistance＝helpsb.[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空①Theshopassistant(assist)wasdismissedasshewasaccusedofcheatingcustomers.②Heaskedustoassisthimincarryingthroughtheirplan.③Hegavetheassistance(assist)tomewhenIwasintrouble.3eq\a\vs4\al(potentiallyadv.潛在地)[教材原句]Nearlyeveryjobispotentiallyatriskinthelongrun.(P39)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，幾乎所有的工作都有潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Bothoptionscouldpotentiallyresultinlostdata.這兩種選擇都可能潛在地導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)丟失。[歸納拓展]potentialadj.潛在的；可能的n．潛力；潛能potentialdemand潛在的需求potentialresources潛在的資源developone'spotential發(fā)揮某人的潛力realizesb.'spotential認(rèn)識(shí)某人的潛力[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①These_potential_effectsmustbestudiedcarefully.這些潛在的影響必須仔細(xì)地加以研究。②Hehasn'trealizedhis_full_potentialyet.他還沒有意識(shí)到他的全部潛能。單句語法填空③Thesituationisunstableandpotentially(potential)dangerous.4eq\a\vs4\al(capacityn.能力，才能)[教材原句]IbelievemostofthevalueofAIliesinitscapacitytoanalyseandinterpretvastamountsofdata,whichmeansitcanevensolveproblemsthataretoochallengingforhumanexperts.(P39)我相信人工智能的大部分價(jià)值在于它能夠分析和解釋大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這意味著它甚至可以解決對(duì)人類專家來說太具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。Humanbeingshaveaninfinitecapacityforself－deception.人類自欺的本事是無窮的。[歸納拓展]capacityfor……的能力capacityof具有……容量atfullcapacity全力以赴beyondthecapacityof為……能力所不及inthecapacityof作為，以……的資格tocapacity達(dá)到最大容量withinone'scapacity在……能力之內(nèi)[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Hehasa_great_capacity_forlearninglanguages.他學(xué)語言的能力很強(qiáng)。②Thisarticleiswrittenin_a_personal_capacity.本文是以個(gè)人名義所寫。5eq\a\vs4\al(analysev.分析)Let'sanalysetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.讓我們分析一下這道題，看什么地方出錯(cuò)了。[歸納拓展](1)analyseasentence分析一個(gè)句子analysethequestion分析這個(gè)問題analysethereason分析原因analysethesituation分析形勢(shì)(2)analysisn．分析，分解analystn．分析家，化驗(yàn)員[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Thecoachtriedto_analyse_the_cause_ofourdefeat.教練努力設(shè)法分析我們失敗的原因。②Heanalysed_the_foodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.他對(duì)這種食物做了化驗(yàn)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)有毒。單句語法填空③Theanalysis(analyse)ofthesamplesonthemurderspotshowedsomevaluablecluestothepolice.6eq\a\vs4\al(illegaladj.非法的，違法的)It'sillegalforpeopleunder17todriveacarinBritain.在英國(guó)，17歲以下的人駕駛車輛是違法的。[歸納拓展]legaladj.法定的；法律的；合法的illegallyadv.非法地[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①It_is_legal_to_parkyourcarhere.把車停在這里是合法的。②Is_it_illegal_for_boysofthatagetodrinkalcohol?那個(gè)年齡的男孩喝酒違法嗎？單句語法填空③Alltheillegally(illegal)constructedbuildingsmustbepulleddown.1eq\a\vs4\al(beconcernedabout關(guān)心；掛念)[教材原句]AreyouconcernedaboutdevelopmentsinAI?(P38)你關(guān)心人工智能的發(fā)展嗎？Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthimandyouwillmeetafterclassandtalkthen.你會(huì)告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他，下課后你們會(huì)見面交談。[歸納拓展](1)concernoneselfabout...關(guān)心……(2)showconcernfor...關(guān)心……(3)concernedadj.關(guān)切的；擔(dān)心的beconcernedabout/for關(guān)心……beconcernedwithsth.牽涉到某事；與某事有關(guān)as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空①Lostinmobilegames,heshowednoconcernforwhatwashappeningnearhim.②ThisnovelisconcernedwiththeSecondWorldWar,whilemostteenagersaremoreconcernedabout/forthehero'slovestory.③Ihavelearnedmuchfromherdeepconcernforherpatients.④Hehasphonedupeveryoneconcerned(concern)．⑤—MichaelwaslateforMrSmith'schemistryclassthismorning.—Howcome?AsfarasI'mconcerned(concern),henevercamelatetoclass.2.eq\a\vs4\al(hangout 掛出；閑逛)[教材原句]Andspeakingofhangingout,I'mhopingthatself-drivingcarsareavailablesoon.(P38)說到出去玩，我希望很快能有自動(dòng)駕駛汽車。It'sverydangeroustohangoutofthewindow.把身子探出車外是非常危險(xiǎn)的。[歸納拓展]hangon作“別掛斷，堅(jiān)持”講時(shí)等于holdon。hangonto緊緊抓住……；保留……h(huán)angback畏縮不前；退縮hangup掛起；掛斷電話hangabout/around拖延；閑逛getthehangof了解；熟悉[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空①Sorry,Ihavetohangup.It'stimeformetogotowork.②Iknowyou'retired,buttrytohangonabitlonger.③Sheknewalltheclubswhereheusuallyhungabout/around.④Mysisteroftenhangsoutinthebiggestshoppingmall.⑤Hangontotherope；don'tletitgo.(1)過去分詞作定語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。它所修飾的名詞、代詞與之構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，常常置于所修飾的名詞前；而過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，常常置于其所修飾的名詞之后。(3)過去分詞修飾something/everything/anything/nothing/somebody/nobody等不定代詞以及指示代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Thedressboughtbyheryesterdayisquitedifferentfromthedressbought_last_year.昨天她買的裙子不同于去年買的裙子。②Theflowersdeveloped_this_yeararedifferentfromthoseplantedinthatgarden.今年培育的這些花不同于在那個(gè)花園里種的花。單句語法填空③Mostofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartywerehisoldschoolmates.④Aftercompletingandsigningit，pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelopeprovided(provide)．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示還沒完成還要延續(xù)下去。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/hasbeen＋doing”構(gòu)成的，可表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是客觀地講述一個(gè)事實(shí)。(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。(5)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，并已產(chǎn)生某種影響時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshas_been_risingsteadilysince1997.從1997年以來，上中國(guó)大學(xué)的外國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)目在穩(wěn)定上升。②Tom,whohas_been_studying_Englishformanyyears,isfluentinSpokenEnglishnow.湯姆多年來一直學(xué)英語，現(xiàn)在英語口語很流利。③Look!Ihave_been_paintingthehousethewholemorning.看，今天上午我一直在粉刷房子。[歸納拓展]if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式：ifany如果有的話ifpossible如果可能的話ifnecessary如果必要的話ifever如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的話[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①HaveyouevertravelledtoShanghai？If_so,_whatimpressedyoumostthere？If_not,_whenwillyouwanttoadmireit?你去過上海嗎？如果去過，什么給你留下了深刻的印象？如果沒有去過，那么你何時(shí)想去欣賞它呢？②Haveyoufinishedyourwork?If_so,_what_will_you_do_next?_If_not,_how_can_you_finish_it_on_time?你已完成工作了嗎？如果已完成，下一步你要做什么？如果沒完成，你怎么才能按時(shí)完成它？單句語法填空③Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.Ifso,_we'dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.④Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,ifever,reaching30℃insummer.eq\o(\s\up11(5),\s\do4())Butwhilesuper－intelligentAIcouldbethebiggestleapforwardinhumanhistory，ifitgoeswrongorfallsintothewronghands，itcouldalsobethemostdangerous.P39但是，盡管有超常智慧的人工智能可能是人類歷史上最大的飛躍，但如果它出錯(cuò)或落入壞人手中，也可能是最危險(xiǎn)的。eq\a\vs4\al()[歸納拓展]while的用法：(1)作并列連詞，“而，然而”，表對(duì)比。(2)作從屬連詞，表時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)”。此時(shí)從句謂語一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(3)作名詞，意為“一會(huì)兒”，常用短語為forawhile“一會(huì)兒”。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①While_I_always_feltIwouldpasstheexam，IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.盡管我一直感覺我會(huì)通過這次考試，但從沒想過會(huì)得一個(gè)A。②Thesouthofthecountrygrowsricherandricher,while_the_north_grows_poorer_and_poorer.這個(gè)國(guó)家的南方越來越富，而北方卻越來越窮。單句語法填空③While/Though/Althoughonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thenewdamwillformalargeartificial(人工的)lakebehindit.2．Myassistant(助手)willnowdemonstratethemachineinaction.3．It'sbelievedthattheaffairwaspotentially(潛在地)harmfultoBritishaviation.4．Breadfactoriesareworkingatfullcapacity(能力).5．Isteppedbackandanalysed(分析)thesituation.6．Thevictim(受害者)wasoutsideashopwhenhewasattacked.7．There'snothingimmoral(不道德的)aboutwantingtoearnmoremoney.8．Itisillegal(非法的)andcouldendangerotherpeople'slives.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Thefirsttwoservicesarefree,whilethethirdcosts$35.2．Thesupermarketistakingonafewtemporaryassistants(assist)fortheSpringFestival.3．She'sgotagreatcapacityforlove.4．Hisanalysis(analyse)oftheproblemshowedgreatperception.5．Thosewhoillegally(illegal)huntwildanimals