話題03 氣候危機(jī)及應(yīng)對(duì)

話題03氣候危機(jī)及應(yīng)對(duì)一、閱讀理解1BananasmightgoawayIt’shardtoturndownatastybanana.Theytastegoodandyoudon’thavetowashthembeforeeatingthem.However,Britishscientistssaythatthefruitmaydisappearby2050.Onereasonforthisisclimatechange.ScientistsattheUniversityofExetercollecteddatafrom27countriesandregionsthatproduce86percentoftheworld’sbananas.Theyfoundthatclimatechangehasimprovedgrowingconditionsin21ofthesecountries.Inthepast60years,theaverageyieldhasreached1.37tonsofbananasperhectare.However,iftemperatureskeeprising,thisadvantagewilldisappear.Tenofthecountries,includingIndia,theworld’sbiggestproducerofbananas,willproducefewerbananas.By2050,thefruitmaydieout.Shouldn’tbananasgrowmoreeasilyifit’shotteroutside?Infact,theperfecttemperaturerangeforgrowingbananasisbetween24and32C.Iftemperaturesgettoohigh,theywillstopgrowing.Diseasesareanotherdangertobananas.Unlikeothercrops,thebananaswegrowcomefromshootcuttingsratherthanseeds.Thismeansthatallbananaplantshavethesamegenotype.Inotherwords,ifadiseaseisabletokilloneplant,itcouldkillthemall.OneseriousdiseaseiscalledPanama.Causedbyfungusinthesoil,itspreadseasily.IthasspreadacrossSouthAsia,Africa,theMiddleEast,andAustralia.Ifonebananaplantationsuffersfromthedisease,itwilltake30yearsuntilitisabletogrowbananasagain.Scientistshaveyettofindacureforthisdisease.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.People’sloveforbananas. B.Thetasteofbananas.C.Theconvenienceofeatingbananas. D.Thefuturedisappearanceofbananas.2.Whatmighthappeniftemperatureskeepgoinghigher?A.Morecountrieswillstarttogrowbananas.B.Bananaswillgrowbetterinmostcountries.C.Bananaswillnotbeabletogrowanymore. D.Bananaswon’tbeastastyasbefore.3.WhatdoesParagraph5tellus?A.Whatdiseasesbananasmaysufferfrom. B.Howbananasaregrown.C.Howdiseasescaneasilykillbananas. D.Whichdiseasescankillbananas.4.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.SomebananaplantationsmaydisappearbecauseofPanama.B.Itwon’ttakelongforscientiststofindacureforPanama.C.BananasarewidelygrowninAfricaandMiddleEast.D.It’snoteasytogrowbananatreesinSouthAsia.5.What’sthepurposeforthewritertowritethepassage?A.Tooffertipsforgrowingbananas.B.Toexplainwhybananasmaydieout.C.Toshowthedifficultiesofgrowingbananas.D.Todescribebananas'growingconditions.2InEnglish,“asdeadasdodo”meanssomeoneorsomethingistotally,unquestionablydead.Butthedodo,stubby(矮，胖的)birdthathasbeenextinct(滅絕的)forhundredsofyears,maynotbedeadanymore!UScompanyColossalBiosciencessaiditwouldtrytobringthedodobacktolife.ThebirdusedtoliveontheislandofMauritius(毛里求斯)intheIndianOceanuntilthe17thcentury.TheplacetobringbackthedodowouldbeMauritius.BenLamm,theco-founderofthecompanytoldTheGuardian.Bringingbackdodosintotheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))oftheisland,insteadofbeinganewcomertosomewhereelse,isthoughttobringbenefitstotheplantsandanimalsthatalreadylivethere.Thecompanyhasfoundthegeneticcode(基因序列)oftheextinctanimalsfromtheirdeadbodies.ItwillchangetheDNAofcurrentlylivinganimalstomakethemclosetotheanimalofthepast.TheNicobarpigeon(尼可巴鳩)willbeusedasthegeneticbaseforthedodo,accordingtoMITTechnologyReview.Thecompanyalsoplansforotherextinctanimals,suchasthemammoth(猛犸象).TheybelievethatmammothsintroducedtotheArctic(北極)couldhelpwithclimatechangeastheyturnthewettundra(苔原)intosunlight-reflectingdrygrasslandsbyeatingthegrass,accordingtoTheNewYorker.However,somepeopledon’tliketheidea.Withathirdofallbirdspeciesindecline(減少),protectingtoday’sspeciesisneededmorethanfocusingonanimalsofthepast,saidBBCScienceFocus.6.If“asdeadasadodo”isusedtodescribesomeone’sphone,itmeansthephoneis______.A.lost B.outofpower C.niceandfancy D.hardtouse7.WhydidthecompanychooseMauritiusasthedodos’livingplace?A.Becausetheislandissetasaresearchplacefornewspecies.B.Becausedodoswon’thavenaturalenemiesontheisland.C.Becausetheyusedtolivethereandmaybenefittheecosystem.D.Becausetheislandhasthebestecosystemintheworld.8.Howwillthecompanybringthedodoback?A.Bychangingtheclosestbird’sDNAtomakeitsimilartothedodo’s.B.ByproducingdodoswithDNAfromtheirdeadbodies.C.Bycombiningdodos’DNAwithmammoths’DNA.D.Bychangingthedeaddodos’DNAtomakethemreborn.9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,BBCScienceFocusagreesthat______.A.thenumberofbirdspecieshasdroppedmuchfasterthanotherspeciesB.focusingonendangeredanimalsismoreimportantthanextinctonesC.bringingextinctanimalsbacktolifeismeaningfulfortoday’sspeciesD.itisimpossibletobringextinctanimalsbacktolifeexactlyastheywere3Learningabouttheenvironmentisveryimportant.Therearemanygoodbooksthatwillhelpyoulearn.Togetstarted,askyourteacheroralibrarianforsomesuggestions.Youcanalsolookatsomegoodwebsiteswithinformationabouttheenvironmentandclimatechange.Climatechangemaybeabigproblem,buttherearemanylittlethingswecandotomakeadifference.Drivingacarorusingelectricityisnotwrong.Wejusthavetobesmartaboutit.Somepeopleuselessenergybycarpooling.Forexample,fourpeoplecanridetogetherinonecarinsteadofdrivingfourcarstowork.Wheneverweuseelectricity,weputgreenhousegasesintotheair.Byturningofflights,thetelevisionandthecomputerwhentheyaren’tneeded,youcanhelpalot.Don’tbuyproductsthatusetoomuchenergy.Someproducts,likecertaincars,aremadespeciallytosaveenergy.Thesedon’tpolluteasmuch,either.Productslikecomputers,TVs,andVCRswiththeENERGYSTARlabel(標(biāo)簽)Raremadetosaveenergy.Buyingproductswiththeselabelswillhelpprotecttheenvironment.Buyrecyclableproductsinsteadof(代替)non-recyclableones.Recyclableproductsareusuallymadeoutofthingsthathavealreadybeenused.Itusuallytakeslessenergytomakerecyclableproductsthantomakenewones.Sowhenyougoshopping,lookfortherecyclemarkonthepackage—threearrowsthatmakeacircle.Thelessenergyweuse,thebetter.10.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor___________.A.carproducers B.schoolstudents C.parents11.Theunderlinedword“carpooling”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans___________.A.sharingacar B.pullingacar C.sellingacar12.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat___________.A.turningofftheelectricitywhenitisn’tneededcansavealotofenergyB.electricitywillcausegreattroubletoourenvironmentC.carsusinglessenergywillnotputgreenhousegasesintotheair13.Whichofthefollowingcanbethewriter’sopinion?A.Nopains,nogains.B.Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.C.Littlethingscanmakeabigdifference.4Solvingclimatechangemaybringunexpectedbenefits.Thereisaspecialexhibition-OurFuturePlanetinLondonScienceMuseum.Itisaboutcarboncapture(碳捕集),thenewtechnologyofgettinggreenhousegases(溫室氣體)fromtheatmosphereandemissionsfromfactories.Theexhibitionshowsbottles,tubes,pensandyogamatsmadefromcarbonaswellasmodelsofthecarboncapturemachinesthatcanprovidethiscarbon.TheyincludetheLacknerartificialtreewhichmirrorstheactionsoflivingplantsbybreathingincarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andexhalingoxygen(呼出氧氣).ItwasbuiltbyKlausLackner.Thedeviceisamazing,butitsstructureiscomplicatedandtheusageislimited(限制的).Besides,therealsoaretheSwissClimework’scarbonextractorsystemandacarboncapturedevicedevelopedatAberdeenUniversity.Allcanremovecarbonfromairtobeusedforalcoholorotherproducts.TohelpprotecttheplanetfromtheeffectsofGlobalWarming,wehavetodomorethanonlystopcarbondioxidegettingintotheatmosphere.Wealsoneedtofindwaystoremovecarbondioxideafterithasbeenputthere.Simplyplantingtreesandplantswillnotbeenoughtosolvetheproblem.Firstly,themachinecanbefittedtogasandcoal-burningpowerstationsandfactoriesandthenusedtoholdbackthecarbondioxidetheywouldemit(排放).Thetechnologycanalsobeusedtorecapturecarbondioxidethathadalreadybeenintheair.Buttheexhibitionalsomakesitclearthatevenmoderatelylargegroupsofthesedevicesnowcanremoveonlyafewtensoftonnesofcarbonayear-comparedwiththe50billiontonnesthatcarsandfactoriesaddtotheatmosphereeveryyear.So,it’surgent(緊急的)todevelopandusethesenewtechnologiesonalargescale(規(guī)模)tomakearealdifferenceinfightingclimatechange.Usingtheseonalargescalewillbeveryhard.However,thereisstillahopefulroute.Itislikethemobilephone.Twentyyearsago,theywereexpensiveanddifficulttousebuthavebeenimproveduponrelentlessly(不停地).Thesegas-harvestingmachinescanbeimproveduponquicklybygenerations,sothattheywillbecheaperandmoreefficientinthefuture.Ifwedon’tdosomethinglikethatwewillbeinrealtrouble.14.IntheexhibitionOurFuturePlanet,visitorscan________.A.booksomelatestcarboncapturemachinesB.learnanewtechnologyaboutcarboncaptureC.solvetheproblemofglobalwarmingbycarboncaptureD.seecarboncaptureproducingbottlesinspecialshapes15.Thecarboncapturemachines________.A.looklikelivingplants B.removecarbonfromtheairC.collectcarbondioxideintheair D.reducecoalburninginpowerstations16.Whichsentencesshowthelatestdevelopmentofcarboncapture?①Thecarboncapturemachineshaveasimplerstructurenow.②Thecarboncapturemachinesarewidelyfittedinfactoriesnow.③Thecarboncapturemachinescanremoveafewtonnesofcarbonayear.④Fightingclimatechangeisinneedofmuchmorecarboncapturemachines.A.①② B.①③ C.③④ D.②④17.Wecaninferthewriter’sopinionofthecarboncaptureisthat________.A.thetechnologyofcarboncaptureishardtodevelopB.thetechnologyofcarboncaptureisuselesstodevelopC.thecarboncapturemachineswillbecheaperthanmobilephonesD.thecarboncapturemachineswillbeimprovedquicklylikemobilephones5Inthemostsouthernpartofourplanet,there’saplacethat’scoveredwithsnowandiceallyearround.Butithastheclearestandcleanestair.Amazingly,inthisplace,thesunsometimeshangseveninthemidnightsky.ThisplaceisAntarctica(南極洲):thecoldest,windiestandharshest(惡劣的)placeontheEarth.Astheworld’sleast-knownplace,Antarcticaisofgreatinteresttoscientistsaroundtheworld.During30years,ChinahassentmanyscientiststoAntarctica.Theymostlylookattheresourcesundertheicylandanddoresearchaboutclimatechangeandmarine(海洋的)biology.Antarcticaisaplacewithfantasticviews.However,lifethereisveryhard.Foodisoneofthebiggestproblems.Frozenfoodwhichcanbeheatedeasilyispeople’sdailyfood.Freshvegetablesarehardtogrowinthecoldweather.Sleepisalsodifficult.InAntarctica,summerlastsfromNovembertoMarch.Duringthisperiod,Antarcticapointstothesunandreceivessunlight24hoursaday.Inordertogetsomesleep,scientistscoverthewindowswithblackplasticclothtocreate“night”.WorkinginAntarcticaisdangerous,especiallywhenmeetinggale-force(七級(jí)以上的)winds.Theycaneasilyblowpeopleaway.Sothereareropesthatconnectbuildingsofsomeresearchstations.Peoplecanholdtheseropestokeeptheirbalanceinforcefulwinds.What’smore,communicatingwithothersisdifficult.WithoutcablesandInternetinsomeresearchstations,two-wayradiosaretheonlytoolstocommunicate.Ifpeoplewanttosayhellotofriendsandrelatives,theycanusesatellitephones.AlthoughitischallengingtoworkinAntarctica,scientists’passiontolearnaboutthismysteriouslandwillneverend.Itishopefulthatonedaytheywillstepeverycomerofthisicyland.18.ScientistsfromChinagotoAntarcticato________.A.findoutwaystocontrolwaterpollutionB.growplantsandvegetablesinspecialconditionC.researchclimatechangeandmarinebiologyD.stopthehuntersfromkillingthemarinelife19.InordertosleepwellinAntarctica,thescientistshaveto________.A.wearmoreclothestokeepwarm B.coverthewindowswithblackclothC.connectresearchstationswithropes D.eatmorefriedandcannedvegetables20.Wecanreplacetheunderlinedword“passion”inthelastparagraphwith________.A.fullpreparation B.amazingimaginationC.pleasantintroduction D.stronglove21.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.climatechangesofAntarctica B.exploringAntarcticaC.howtosurviveinAntarctica D.viewsofAntarctica6OurworldindangerThankstoEarth,wehavefreshairtobreathe,cleanwatertodrinkandwarmsunshinetoenjoy.Butitseemsthatwemayhaveconsideredthosethingsnaturalandhaven’trealizedthatourplanetisgetting“sick”.Nowscientistshavegivenusawarning.Morethan15,000scientistsaroundtheworldhavewrittenalettertowarnaboutenvironmentalthreats(威脅),theWashingtonPostreported.Amongthoseenvironmentalchallenges,climatechangesitsatthetop.Globalaveragetemperatureshaverisenbymorethan0.5℃since1992.Ahalf-degreetemperatureriseisabigdeal.Itmeansthatheatwaveswouldlastaroundathirdlongerandrainstormswouldbeaboutathirdmoreintense(猛烈的).Theincreaseinsealevelswouldbemuchhigher,accordingtoNASA.CountrieslikeSingaporeandTokyothatareatlowaltitudes(海拔)maybecoveredbytheoceaninthefuture.Butthisisnottheonlyproblempeoplearefacing.It’sgettinghardertogetfreshwater.Oceanpollutionhasbecomeserious.Since1992,thehumanpopulationhasgrownby2billion,whilethepopulationsofallotheranimalshavedroppedbynearly30percent.Scientistssaythatweareexperiencingthesixthmassextinction(物種大滅絕)inhistory.Morethantwo-thirdsoftheworld’swildlifecouldbegonebytheendofthedecadeifactionisn’ttakensoon,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.TheAmurleopard(遠(yuǎn)東豹),blackrhinoandcrossrivergorilla(克羅斯河大猩猩)aresomeofthemostendangeredanimals.However,wehavemadesomeprogressbymakingtheholeintheozonelayer(臭氧層)smaller.That’sbecausewegraduallystoppedusingchemicalsthatcanbreakdownozone.Thisprogressshowsthatwecanmakepositivechangeswhenweactdecisively,thelettersays.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“warn”mean?A.建議 B.宣布 C.打擊 D.警告23.Globalaveragetemperatureshaverisenby________since1992.A.morethan0.1℃ B.lessthan0.5℃C.morethan0.5℃ D.morethan5℃24.Ahalf-degreetemperatureriseis________.A.notabigproblem B.goodnewsforpeopleC.abadthing D.ausualthing25.Since1992,thehumanpopulationhasgrownwhilethepopulationsofallotheranimalshave________.A.reduced B.grown C.increased D.notchanged26.Thepurposeofthispassageisto________.A.tellpeoplethecurrentstateoftheEarthB.callonpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentC.displayletterswrittenbyscientistsD.introduceclimatechange7Nowadays,everyoneknowsabouttheseriousthreat(威脅)thatclimatechangecausestotheearth.Butthethreatdoesn’tdrawourattentionaswegoaboutoureverydaylives.Thefactisthatclimatechangeisaffecting(影響)someofourfavoritefoodsanddrinks.Lotsofpeoplestarttheirdaywithacupofcoffee.Butastemperatureskeepgoingup,theymayhavetogiveupthehabit.Inmanycoffee-growingareas,warmerweatherhascausedillnesstocoffeeplantsandmadesomeplacestoohotfortheplantstogrowin.Chocolateisalsoatrisk.Iftheclimatekeepswarminguplikethis,cocoaplantscouldendupdyingoutbytheyear2050.Seafoodisalsoanimportantfoodfortheworld.Sadly,withwarmingoceansandhigherlevelsofCO?,fisharebecomingfewerinnumber.Everyyear,theharvestoffishdropsbyover1000millionkilograms.Climatechangealsoaffectscrops,suchaswheat(小麥),corn(玉米)andrice.Theyareallbeingthreatenedbychangingtemperaturesanddrought.Farmersandscientistshavebeenworkingtogethertopreventthesefoodsanddrinksfromdisappearing.Theyhavehadalotofsuccess,butitstillcan’tstoptheharmthathasbeendone.Ifwedon’tstopclimatechange,wemayhavetofindreplacementsforthesefoodsanddrinksinthefuture.27.Thewriterdevelops(發(fā)展)thetextby________.A.tellingstories B.listingnumbers C.askingquestions D.givingexamples28.Whatmaytheunderlinedword“replacements”mean?A.替代品 B.實(shí)驗(yàn)品 C.營(yíng)養(yǎng)素 D.增產(chǎn)素29.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Iftheclimatekeepswarmingup,coffeeplantscoulddieoutby2050.B.Everyyear,theharvestofcropsdropsbyover1000millionkilograms.C.Wemayhavetochangeoureatinghabitsifwedon’tstopclimatechange.D.Farmersandscientistshavestoppedtheharmthatclimatechangehascaused.30.Whatisthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthetext?A. B. C. D.31.Whatmaythenextpartofthetextbeabout?A.Whatfoodtoeatless. B.Wheretoplantmorecrops.C.Whethertofindreplacements. D.Howtostopclimatechange.8Nodoubtthatstudentsshouldalsocareabouttheworldthatwelivein.Martinezisoneofthemostactiveenvironmentalistamongtheyoungpeople.Whenhisfriendsarebusywithsportsandonlinegames,heisworkingtosavetheplanet.SohowdoesMartinezbecomeawell-knownenvironmentalactivist(活躍分子)?“Igrewupinthefamilywherepeoplewerealwaysthinkingabouttheenvironment,”saysMartinez.WhenMartinezwasjust6yearsold,hedecidedhehadtodosomethingaboutclimate(氣候)change—aseriousenvironmentalproblem.Scientistshavebeenstudyingclimatechangeformanyyears.TheyknowthatEarth’sclimatechangesonitsown.Butrightnow,itischangingmoreandmorequicklythanusualbecauseofpollutioncreatedbypeople—bythecars,trucksandplanes.Martinezpointsoutthatclimatechangeisaseriousproblem.“Peoplecanfeelveryhelplessaboutclimatechange,likethereisnothingtheycando,”hesays.Butthatisnottrue.“Humanscausedclimatechange.”Martinezsays.“Andwecantrytosolveit.”Martinezbeganlookingforsolutionswhenhewasjustalittlekid.HiselderbrothersandsistersrananenvironmentalgroupcalledEarthGuardians,whichwasstartedbytheirmom.First,helistenedwhentheyhadmeetings.Soon,hewastravelingaroundthecountryandtheworld.Hisgoal?Toeducateandraisepeopleuptofacethe“war”ofclimatechange.Today,MartinezrunsEarthGuardians.Thegroupworkswiththousandsofkidsaroundtheworld.Hespeakstostudentsinclassroomsaboutstepstheycantaketohelptheplanet.Andhewritesandperformship-hopsongsabouttheenvironment.Martinezbelievesthatifmanypeoplechangetheirhabits,theclimatechangecanbecutdown.32.Whatinfluenced(影響)Martinezalottocareabouttheenvironmentprotection?A.Hisschool. B.Hisfriends. C.Thescientists. D.Hisfamily.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”referto?A.Theideathatpeoplecanpollutetheenvironment.B.Theideathatpeoplecanchangetheenvironment.C.Theideathatpeoplecandonothingaboutclimatechange.D.Theideathatpeoplecansolvetheproblemofclimatechange.34.WhostartedtheEarthGuardians?A.Martinez. B.Martinez’ssisters. C.Martinez’sbrothers. D.Martinez’smother.35.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AYoungClimateLeader B.ChangesOfAGroupC.TheClimateChange D.Martinezandhisparents9Buildingacountryisnevereasy.Buthowaboutdestroyingit?Anewreportsaidlongtimeofclimatechangecandothat.ThereportsaidTuvaluwillbethefirstcountrytobecompletelylostbecauseofclimatechange.TuvaluisaPacificislandnationwithnineislandsand12,000people.Ithaslongbeenatriskfromrisingsealevels.Now,40percentoftheareainitscapitalisunderwaterathightide(漲潮).Bytheendofthecentury,itisbelievedthatalltheislandswillbeunderwater.Tohelpwiththeproblem,thecountryplanstobuilditscountryinthemetaverse(虛擬世界).Thedigitalcountrywillrecreatethesamelandscape(景觀)andkeepitsculturalandhistoricalrecords.Nomatterwheretheyliveintherealworld,thepeopleinthiscountrywillhavetheiridentity(身份)and“l(fā)ive”initsonlinecommunities.ThisnewsmademanypeopleinTuvaluexcited.ButLiZuxi,directorofthemetaverselabofQingboIntelligentTechnology,saiditmaynotbethebestsolution.“ThoughthedigitalnationbelongstoTuvalu,it’sstillbuiltonametaverseplatform,”saidLi.“Now,themetaverseisnotmature(成熟),whichmaybringsomeproblems.”Hegaveusanexample.Ifpeoplefromothercountriesenterthespaceofthedigitalcountrybutjustshowtheirnames,howdopeopleknowiftheydoordonottrulybelongtothatcountry?Liaddedthatinsteadoftryingourbesttobuilddigitalnations,it’sbettertopayattentiontosavingtherealworldnow.36.WhatproblemdoesTuvaluface?A.Risingsealevels. B.Adroppingpopulation.C.Thelowlevelsofhightide. D.Thereisnotenoughwatertouse.37.Todealwiththeproblem,Tuvaluplansto________.A.breakthecountryintoseveralpartsB.fightagainstclimatechangeC.movethecountrytoanotherislandD.buildadigitalcountryonline38.WhatdoweknowaboutTuvaluinthemetaverse?A.The“new”Tuvaluislargerthantherealone.B.Ithasnorecordsofcultureandhistory.C.Peoplecanfindthesamebuildingsastheyarenow.D.Peopleofthe“new”Tuvaluhavenoidentity.39.WhatisLiZuxi’sopinionaboutthenews?A.Themetaverseworldissafe.B.HefullysupportstherebuildingofTuvalu.C.Hecallsformorecountriestoenterthemetaverse.D.It’shardtomanageadigitalcountry.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Themetaversewilltaketheplaceoftherealworld.B.Themetaversecanhelptoprotectculture.C.Themetaversehasabrightfuture.D.Climatechangehappensmoreslowlythanbefore.10TemperatureGoesUpUnderground①Asclimatechangebringsdangerstopeople,wearenowfacinganotherproblem—undergroundclimatechange.②Withthedevelopmentofcities,therisingundergroundtemperatureiscausingthegroundtoheatupanddeform（變形）,reportedbyastudyteamfromNorthwesternUniversity.Inthelastthreeyears,theteamhadputmorethan150temperaturesensors（感應(yīng)器）underChicago.Thetemperaturestheyrecordedweresurprising.Forexample,theteamcreatedcomputermodelstoseehowtemperatureswillinfluencethegrounduntil2051.③Themodelsshowed,whenheated,thegroundmaygoupbyasmuchas1.2centimeters,orgodownbyasmuchas0.8centimeters.Thismayevencausethegroundtobreakup,leavingpeoplewholiveandworkaboveindangeroussituations.④However,RottaLoria,wholedthestudy,saidinareport,“Ittakesalongtimetoseethebadeffects.”Asscientistshavealreadyknownalotaboutundergroundclimatechange,futureplansforcitiesshouldbeconsidered.Materialsthattakeinheatcanbeusedtokeeptheheatfromenteringtheground.⑤Theteamalsopointedoutthattherisingtemperaturecouldbeseenasanopportunity.Cityplannerscantrytocollectheatundergroundandsenditaboveforheating.41.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayNOThappentothegroundwhenheated?A.Itmaygoup. B.Itmaygodown.C.Itmaybreakup. D.Itmaybecomesmaller.42.Howdoesthewriterdevelophisideainparagraph2?A.Bytellingastory. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Byshowingapicture. D.Byraisingaquestion.43.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theundergroundheatmaybeusedtowarmthehouseinwinter.B.Climatechangeinfluencestheundergroundtemperature.C.Theundergroundtemperaturehasrisento25℃.D.Therisingundergroundtemperatureiscausingthegroundtoheatup.44.Whichisthebeststructureofthispassage?A. B. C. D.11Summer2023hasbeatenheatrecordsworldwide.OnJuly6,theaverageworldwidetemperaturereachedthehighestonrecord.Scientistsarestilltryingtoworkoutallthereasonsforthissummer’shistoricheat.Butonethingiscertain:ithasalottodowithhuman-causedclimate(氣候)change.Muchofthissummer’sheatisprobablyrelatedtoEarth’soceans,expertssay.Oceansworldwidehavebeenwarmingfordecades(十年),largelybecauseofthegreenhousegasesproducedbyhumans.Thewarmoceanscan’ttakeinasmuchheatfromtheatmosphere(大氣層).Thisleavesmoreheatintheair,leadingtowarmersummerweather.ElNinomayalsohavehelpedturnuptheheatthissummer.ElNinohappensnaturallyeveryseveralyears.Itwarmsthewatersofthetropical(熱帶的)Pacific.ButEarth’snewperiodofElNinoonlybeganinJuneandwon’tbeatitsstrongestformonths.Soit’stooearlytosayhowmuchElNinohasaddedtothehotweatherthissummer,researcherssay.Anotherpossiblereasonforthehightemperaturesistheheatwaves.HeatwaveshappenwhenpowerfulwindsflowmoreslowlythroughEarth’satmosphere.Thiscancausehotpocketsofairtostayoverthesameplacesfordaysorweeksatatime.Onerecentstudyshowedthathuman-causedclimatechangeismakingheatwavesmorecommonandmoreserious.Researchersmadecomputermodelsoftheworldwithandwithoutclimatechange.Then,theycomparedhowoftenheatwaveswouldhappenineachcase.ThemodelsshowedthatheatwavesarenowexpectedaboutonceeverytenyearsinEuropeandNorthAmerica,buttheywouldbealmostimpossiblewithoutclimatechange.It’stooearlytoworkoutthecostofallthatunusualweather.Buthundredsofdeathshavebeenreportedaroundtheworld.Andthegreatneedforairconditioninghasheightenedpeople’sworryaboutpowershortages.Thoseproblemswillonlybecomemoreseriousasclimatechangecreatesmorehotsummerslikethisone.45.Oceansworldwidehavebeenwarmingfordecadeslargelybecauseof________.A.thenewperiodofElNinoB.human-producedgreenhousegasesC.thestrongwavesofthetropicalPacificD.powerfulwindsthroughEarth’satmosphere46.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Scientistshavefoundawaytodealwithclimatechange.B.ThehotweatherinJulywasmainlycausedbyElNino.C.Climatechangemayleadtostrongerheatwaves.D.Peoplearewell-preparedforhottersummers.