語(yǔ)法05 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（講義）

?第05講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型；2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式；3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法；4.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；5.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。【考情分析】語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題是中考高頻考點(diǎn)，考生在備考時(shí)應(yīng)注意熟練掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表示的意義、其結(jié)構(gòu)和相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。解答此類題時(shí)，可根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞、從句和主句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配、固定句型等判斷出正確答案。常以單項(xiàng)選擇、語(yǔ)法選擇、語(yǔ)法填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等考查。近幾年考查時(shí)態(tài)的題型命題規(guī)律動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是中考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一?？碱}多以具體的語(yǔ)境為主，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、語(yǔ)境理解、語(yǔ)言交際能力的綜合考查。考向一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型知識(shí)梳理句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。否定句主語(yǔ)+be+not+過(guò)去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。一般疑問(wèn)句Be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒(méi)有。特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?考向二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式知識(shí)梳理時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)+willbe+過(guò)去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來(lái)。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+am/is/am+being+過(guò)去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因?yàn)槲业能囌谛蘩?，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個(gè)個(gè)大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒(méi)有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)那個(gè)村莊時(shí)，道路正在加寬。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過(guò)去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來(lái)之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過(guò)這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時(shí)，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量?jī)纱?。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會(huì)變成蒸氣?？枷蛉粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法知識(shí)梳理用法例句不知道或者不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Howisthiswordpronounced?這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.這本書(shū)是2005年出版的。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我們村將開(kāi)辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時(shí)Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.喬要做這個(gè)報(bào)告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂(lè)家。有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個(gè)城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.據(jù)報(bào)道，他是來(lái)自新西蘭的一位教授。考向四主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理說(shuō)明例句含有單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，并依據(jù)上表（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式）謂語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)形式；如果需要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則需加上＂by+主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)（人稱代詞賓格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語(yǔ)作了兩次報(bào)告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他們經(jīng)常在課后問(wèn)一些問(wèn)題。直接賓語(yǔ)＂：當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是名詞或代詞時(shí)，可將間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)中的任意一個(gè)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語(yǔ)，而另一個(gè)保持不動(dòng)。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)保持不動(dòng)(成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，簡(jiǎn)稱主補(bǔ))。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我們叫他李華。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他們把房間刷成了白色。【易錯(cuò)警示】感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需要在動(dòng)詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號(hào)to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.剛才他們看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)入了會(huì)議室。含有動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（作謂語(yǔ)）的主動(dòng)句：謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句方可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機(jī)會(huì)?！疽族e(cuò)警示】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，把它們看作一個(gè)整體變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉?？枷蛭逯鲃?dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義知識(shí)梳理情況例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征的動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來(lái)很美味。某些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。【知識(shí)拓展】常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的詞組：beseated坐著，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·江西南昌·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—HaveyouseenFullRiverRed?—Yes.We________towatchitinChineseclasslastmonth.A．suggested B．a(chǎn)resuggested C．weresuggested D．suggest2．（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Alargenumberofathletes________tocometoChengduforthe31stSummerWorldUniversityGamesinJuly.A．isexpected B．a(chǎn)reexpected C．expect3．（2023·福建廈門(mén)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Pleasetellusonethingyouareproudofinyourjuniorhighschool.—I________asthepresidentoftheStudentUnion.A．willbechosen B．waschosen C．haschosen4．（2023·福建三明·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Linda,shallwegotoflykitesintheCentralPark?—Sure,Iwillgowithyouassoonasmyhomework________.A．isfinished B．willbefinished C．finishes5．（2023·四川自貢·?？家荒＃〩arbinInternationalIceandSnowFestivalstartedin1985.It________onceayear.A．held B．washeld C．isheld6．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Youlooksohappytoday!—Mysuggestiontohaveaparty________bymyclassyesterday.A．a(chǎn)ccepts B．isaccepted C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．wasaccepted7．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Shawnis_______tobeoneofthefinestdoctorsofhisgeneration（同代人）.—Hewasborntostudymedicineandhassavedmanypeople’slives.A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen8．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—AreyougoingtoTom’sbirthdaypartythisSunday?—UnlessI________.A．a(chǎn)minviting B．willbeinvited C．a(chǎn)minvited D．willbeinviting9．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·二模）Toomuchtime________oncomputergamesbymostteenagerseveryday.Theirparentsareworriedabouttheirhealthandstudy.A．iswasting B．iswasted C．waswasted D．wasted10．（2023·河北衡水·統(tǒng)考二模）Everyday,toomuchwater_.Ithinkeveryoneshouldtakeactiontosaveit.A．wastes B．iswasted C．wasted D．waswasted11．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）Thesebooks________inRussian.Ican’treadthem.A．willbewritten B．iswritten C．a(chǎn)rewritten12．（2023·遼寧盤(pán)錦·三模）TheMinistryofEducation（教育部）announcesthatmobilephones________totakeintoschoolinChinanowbecausetheyarebadforthestudents.A．haven’tallowedB．a(chǎn)reallowed C．a(chǎn)ren’tallowed D．a(chǎn)llow13．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考三模）—Whenshallwegoandplaybasketball?—Notuntilthework________tomorrow.A．isfinished B．havefinished C．willbefinished D．willfinish14．（2023·河北唐山·統(tǒng)考二模）Alotofflowers________intheparklastyear.A．plant B．a(chǎn)replanted C．planted D．wereplanted15．（2023·河北秦皇島·統(tǒng)考三模）Nowadays,moreandmoreactions_________toreducethewasteoffood.A．a(chǎn)retaken B．havetaken C．take D．a(chǎn)retaking二、語(yǔ)法填空（2023·陜西西安·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Accordingtoasurvey,Chinesecollegestudentswanttodovolunteerworkandwouldliketohelpthoseinneed.Ifthey___16___whethertheyarewillingtohelpelderlypeoplewhofalloverinthestreet,mostoftheiranswerswillbe“yes”.Thequestionofwhatistherightthingtodowhenanoldperson___17___overinthestreethasbeendiscussedforalongtime.Once,amancalledPengYuhelpedanoldwomanwhofelloverinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince.ThewomanlatersaidthatshewasknockeddownbyPengandaskedPeng___18___fortypercentofhermedicalcostsafterPengsenthertothehospital.Atthattime,manypeople___19___thiseventwouldhaveabadinfluence.However,areportfoundthat91.6percentofstudentswhoweresurveyedstillsaidthattheywouldhelpanelderlypersonwhenheorsheneededhelp.Mostofthecollegestudentswouldliketotakepartinthevolunteerwork.Theythinkhelping___20___iswhattheyshoulddo.Butlearningtobemoreprofessionalinhelpingpeopleisalsoveryimportant.It’ssuggestedthatmoreprofessionaltraining___21___beoffered.Thisway,morepeoplecantakepartinvolunteerwork___22___thanusual.There___23___differentkindsofvolunteerworkincludingenvironmentalprotection,communityservices,teachinginfarawayvillages,visitingtheoldatoldpeople’shomesandsoon.And83.1percentofcollegestudentsactuallydovolunteerworkeveryyear.Volunteerworknotonlyplaysanimportantroleindevelopingyoungpeople’sskills,butalsogivesthemafeelingof___24___.What’smore,volunteerworkisofgreatvaluefortheyoungaswellasthewidersociety.Somorepeopleshouldbeencouragedtotakepartinvolunteerwork___25___canmakeabetterworld.Well,whatwillyoudotomakeadifferencetotheworld?16．A．a(chǎn)sk B．a(chǎn)reasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．wereasked17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen18．A．pay B．topay C．paying D．paid19．A．worry B．worried C．worryabout D．worriedabout20．A．other B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．others21．A．should B．need C．might D．may22．A．a(chǎn)ctive B．moreactive C．a(chǎn)ctively D．moreactively23．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which三、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空26．（2023·江蘇淮安·校考一模）Thechampion________(present)withagoldattomorrow’smeeting.27．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）InordertomakeYongzhouCitymorebeautiful,treesandflowersshould________（plant）everyyear.28．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包鋼第三中學(xué)?？既＃㎝r.Whitesaidhischildrenwerenot________tousemobilephonesbeforetheageof13.(allow)29．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·?？级＃狝rethepolicegoingtotellthedetailsofthecasetothepublic?—Notuntilthethief________(catch).30．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Therewerefewtreesbefore,andwe__________(hit)bysandstormsseriouslyinspring.31．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）Thetelephone________(invent)bythefamousinventor,Bell.32．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·三模）Thelittlebabythatfeltsleepy________(lay)onthebedafterhermommycamebackhome.33．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考二模）Thousandsofpeople________(leave)homelessintheearthquakewhichhappenedinTurkeyinFebruary,2023.34．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考二模）TolearnEnglishwell,studentsshouldbe________tospeakasmuchaspossible.(encourage)35．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）English________(speak)allovertheworldandwe’dtrytolearnitwell.36．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Forthefirsttime,thisyear’sOscarforBestActress________(present)toMichelleYeoh,anAsianwoman.37．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）Mywashingmachine_________(control)bymysmartphonewhenI’mnotathome.38．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）Bothwaterandfood________(give)totheathleteswhotookpartinWuxiMarathonlastmonth.39．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）InHKDisneyland,visitors________(allow)togetclosertocartooncharacters.40．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）Luckily,manytraditionalartformslikeWuxiOpera________(pass)onandstayalive.真題感悟1．（2023·河北·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．provides B．provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided2．（2023·湖南岳陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ThepandaYaYa________backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.A．isbrought B．wasbrought C．willbebrought3．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?—He________so,buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.A．willexpecttodo B．isexpecteddoingC．hasexpecteddoing D．wasexpectedtodo4．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning.A．hits B．ishit C．ishitting D．willbehit5．（2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thecake______bythehungrystudentsquicklyyesterday.A．eats B．iseaten C．waseaten6．（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Somephotosofthemoon________intheSpaceClubnextweek.A．shows B．isshowing C．wereshown D．willbeshown7．（2023·江西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）HouYi________magicmedicineforshootingdowntheninesuns,thenPangMengtriedtostealit.A．gives B．hasgiven C．gave D．wasgiven8．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey________intoschools.A．introduce B．introduced C．a(chǎn)reintroduced D．wereintroduced9．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees________nextyear.A．plant B．willplant C．a(chǎn)replanted D．willbeplanted10．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）The18thChinaInternationalAlcoholicDrinksExpo(CIADE)________inLuzhoufromApril13thtoApril16th,2023.A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld11．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Wouldyoumindtellingmeifhe________themeetingintwodays?—Hewon’t,unlesshe________.A．willattend,isinvited B．a(chǎn)ttends,willbeinvited C．willattend,invites12．（2023·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—We’resoproudthatChinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.—Yes.Asyoucansee,Chinese________bymoreandmoreforeigners.A．learns B．islearned C．waslearned13．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Agreatnumberofbeautifulflowers________onthesecondringroadinChengduthesedays.A．plant B．a(chǎn)replanted C．a(chǎn)replanting14．（2023·新疆·中考真題）TheWanderingEarthII___________withthepublicsinceitcameout.A．hasbeensuccessful B．issuccessfulC．wassuccessful D．willbesuccessful15．（2023·新疆·中考真題）—Hanfulovers________walkingdownthestreetinmanycities.—Well,wearinghanfuhelpstounderstandtheChineseculture.A．canbefound B．canfindC．mustbefound D．mustfind16．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter.It________bypeopleofallages.A．isloved B．wasloved C．willlove D．isloving17．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）We________friendssinceIcametothisschool.A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．willbe D．havebeen18．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Teaisverypopularintheworld.It________inmanydifferentareasinChinanow.A．produces B．produced C．isproduced D．wasproduced

?第05講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·江西南昌·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—HaveyouseenFullRiverRed?—Yes.We________towatchitinChineseclasslastmonth.A．suggested B．a(chǎn)resuggested C．weresuggested D．suggest【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你看了《滿江紅》嗎？——是的。上個(gè)月有人建議我們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)文課上看?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“l(fā)astmonth”可知，句子應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故排除B和D；主語(yǔ)we和動(dòng)詞suggest建議，存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，我們被建議去看，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。2．（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Alargenumberofathletes________tocometoChengduforthe31stSummerWorldUniversityGamesinJuly.A．isexpected B．a(chǎn)reexpected C．expect【答案】B【詳解】句意：預(yù)計(jì)將有大量運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)到成都參加7月舉行的第31屆夏季世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)“Alargenumberofathletes”和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞expect之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞；主語(yǔ)“Alargenumberofathletes”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此be動(dòng)詞用are。故選B。3．（2023·福建廈門(mén)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Pleasetellusonethingyouareproudofinyourjuniorhighschool.—I________asthepresidentoftheStudentUnion.A．willbechosen B．waschosen C．haschosen【答案】B【詳解】句意：——請(qǐng)告訴我們一件你在初中時(shí)感到驕傲的事。——我被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“inyourjuniorhighschool”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。4．（2023·福建三明·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Linda,shallwegotoflykitesintheCentralPark?—Sure,Iwillgowithyouassoonasmyhomework________.A．isfinished B．willbefinished C．finishes【答案】A【詳解】句意：——琳達(dá)，我們?nèi)ブ醒牍珗@放風(fēng)箏好嗎？——當(dāng)然可以，我一完成作業(yè)就跟你去?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。isfinished被完成，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；willbefinished將被完成，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；finishes完成，動(dòng)詞三單。homework與finish構(gòu)成被動(dòng)，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以排除選項(xiàng)C；assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，故選A。5．（2023·四川自貢·?？家荒＃〩arbinInternationalIceandSnowFestivalstartedin1985.It________onceayear.A．held B．washeld C．isheld【答案】C【詳解】句意：哈爾濱國(guó)際冰雪節(jié)始于1985年。它每年舉行一次。考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。it代指哈爾濱國(guó)際冰雪節(jié)，和動(dòng)詞hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合“onceayear”可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。6．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Youlooksohappytoday!—Mysuggestiontohaveaparty________bymyclassyesterday.A．a(chǎn)ccepts B．isaccepted C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．wasaccepted【答案】D【詳解】句意：——你今天看起來(lái)很開(kāi)心！——我舉辦聚會(huì)的建議昨天被班上同學(xué)接受了。考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“bymyclass”可知句子應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+bedone(過(guò)去分詞)+其他”，所以排除A、C；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“yesterday”可知，應(yīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。7．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Shawnis_______tobeoneofthefinestdoctorsofhisgeneration（同代人）.—Hewasborntostudymedicineandhassavedmanypeople’slives.A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen【答案】B【詳解】句意：——肖恩被認(rèn)為是他那一代最優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生之一。——他生來(lái)就是學(xué)醫(yī)的，救了很多人的命。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。wished希望；considered認(rèn)為；taught教；chosen選擇。根據(jù)“Hewasborntostudymedicineandhassavedmanypeople’slives.”可知肖恩具有學(xué)醫(yī)天賦，并挽救多人生命，因此他被認(rèn)為是他那一代最優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生之一。故選B。8．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—AreyougoingtoTom’sbirthdaypartythisSunday?—UnlessI________.A．a(chǎn)minviting B．willbeinvited C．a(chǎn)minvited D．willbeinviting【答案】C【詳解】句意：——這個(gè)星期天你要去Tom的生日派對(duì)嗎？——除非我被邀請(qǐng)?？疾闂l件狀語(yǔ)從句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“AreyougoingtoTom’sbirthdaypartythisSunday?”和“UnlessI...”可知，答句是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”，從句應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)B和D；答句應(yīng)是表示“除非被邀請(qǐng)去派對(duì)，否則就不去”，從句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是am/is/aredone。故選C。9．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·二模）Toomuchtime________oncomputergamesbymostteenagerseveryday.Theirparentsareworriedabouttheirhealthandstudy.A．iswasting B．iswasted C．waswasted D．wasted【答案】B【詳解】句意：大多數(shù)青少年每天在電腦游戲上浪費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間。他們的父母擔(dān)心他們的健康和學(xué)習(xí)?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)“Toomuchtime”與動(dòng)詞waste之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，結(jié)合“everyday”可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)iswasted。故選B。10．（2023·河北衡水·統(tǒng)考二模）Everyday,toomuchwater_.Ithinkeveryoneshouldtakeactiontosaveit.A．wastes B．iswasted C．wasted D．waswasted【答案】B【詳解】句意：每天，太多的水被浪費(fèi)。我認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)來(lái)拯救它?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干，可知主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)water是不可數(shù)名詞，接is+過(guò)去分詞。故選B。11．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）Thesebooks________inRussian.Ican’treadthem.A．willbewritten B．iswritten C．a(chǎn)rewritten【答案】C【詳解】句意：這些書(shū)是用俄語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的。我看不懂?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Thesebooks”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)單詞可知，“書(shū)”和“寫(xiě)”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用“bedone”結(jié)構(gòu)，且句子表示事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，故選C。12．（2023·遼寧盤(pán)錦·三模）TheMinistryofEducation（教育部）announcesthatmobilephones________totakeintoschoolinChinanowbecausetheyarebadforthestudents.A．haven’tallowedB．a(chǎn)reallowed C．a(chǎn)ren’tallowed D．a(chǎn)llow【答案】C【詳解】句意：教育部宣布，中國(guó)現(xiàn)在不允許將手機(jī)帶入學(xué)校，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)對(duì)學(xué)生有害?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此句含有賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中主語(yǔ)“mobilephones”和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞allow構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“be+過(guò)去分詞”，根據(jù)“becausetheyarebadforthestudents.”可知學(xué)校不許帶手機(jī)，應(yīng)用否定形式，故選C。13．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考三模）—Whenshallwegoandplaybasketball?—Notuntilthework________tomorrow.A．isfinished B．havefinished C．willbefinished D．willfinish【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我們將什么時(shí)候去打籃球？——直到明天工作被完成?？疾橹鲗默F(xiàn)。分析答語(yǔ)可知句子為含有until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，此處從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主語(yǔ)work和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞finish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+done”，故選A。14．（2023·河北唐山·統(tǒng)考二模）Alotofflowers________intheparklastyear.A．plant B．a(chǎn)replanted C．planted D．wereplanted【答案】D【詳解】句意：去年公園里種了很多花。考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“l(fā)astyear”可知，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞plant之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。15．（2023·河北秦皇島·統(tǒng)考三模）Nowadays,moreandmoreactions_________toreducethewasteoffood.A．a(chǎn)retaken B．havetaken C．take D．a(chǎn)retaking【答案】A【詳解】句意：如今，人們采取了越來(lái)越多的措施來(lái)減少食物浪費(fèi)?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)actions與動(dòng)詞take之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合Nowadays可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“am/is/are+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，故選A。二、語(yǔ)法填空（2023·陜西西安·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Accordingtoasurvey,Chinesecollegestudentswanttodovolunteerworkandwouldliketohelpthoseinneed.Ifthey___16___whethertheyarewillingtohelpelderlypeoplewhofalloverinthestreet,mostoftheiranswerswillbe“yes”.Thequestionofwhatistherightthingtodowhenanoldperson___17___overinthestreethasbeendiscussedforalongtime.Once,amancalledPengYuhelpedanoldwomanwhofelloverinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince.ThewomanlatersaidthatshewasknockeddownbyPengandaskedPeng___18___fortypercentofhermedicalcostsafterPengsenthertothehospital.Atthattime,manypeople___19___thiseventwouldhaveabadinfluence.However,areportfoundthat91.6percentofstudentswhoweresurveyedstillsaidthattheywouldhelpanelderlypersonwhenheorsheneededhelp.Mostofthecollegestudentswouldliketotakepartinthevolunteerwork.Theythinkhelping___20___iswhattheyshoulddo.Butlearningtobemoreprofessionalinhelpingpeopleisalsoveryimportant.It’ssuggestedthatmoreprofessionaltraining___21___beoffered.Thisway,morepeoplecantakepartinvolunteerwork___22___thanusual.There___23___differentkindsofvolunteerworkincludingenvironmentalprotection,communityservices,teachinginfarawayvillages,visitingtheoldatoldpeople’shomesandsoon.And83.1percentofcollegestudentsactuallydovolunteerworkeveryyear.Volunteerworknotonlyplaysanimportantroleindevelopingyoungpeople’sskills,butalsogivesthemafeelingof___24___.What’smore,volunteerworkisofgreatvaluefortheyoungaswellasthewidersociety.Somorepeopleshouldbeencouragedtotakepartinvolunteerwork___25___canmakeabetterworld.Well,whatwillyoudotomakeadifferencetotheworld?16．A．a(chǎn)sk B．a(chǎn)reasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．wereasked17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen18．A．pay B．topay C．paying D．paid19．A．worry B．worried C．worryabout D．worriedabout20．A．other B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．others21．A．should B．need C．might D．may22．A．a(chǎn)ctive B．moreactive C．a(chǎn)ctively D．moreactively23．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which【答案】16．B17．C18．B19．B20．D21．A22．D23．B24．C25．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)舉例彭玉的故事來(lái)號(hào)召大家多做志愿者活動(dòng)，來(lái)創(chuàng)造更好更溫暖的世界。16．句意：如果有人問(wèn)他們是否愿意幫助在街上摔倒的老人，他們大多數(shù)的回答都會(huì)是“愿意”。ask問(wèn)，動(dòng)詞原形；areasked一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；asked過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞；wereasked一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。they與ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)“mostoftheiranswerswillbe‘yes’.”可知此句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。17．句意：當(dāng)老人在街上摔倒時(shí)該怎么做這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)討論了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。fall摔倒，動(dòng)詞原形；fell過(guò)去式；falls第三人稱單數(shù)；fallen過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)“Thequestionofwhatistherightthingtodo”可知此句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是anoldperson，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單。故選C。18．句意：這名婦女后來(lái)說(shuō)，她被彭撞倒了，在彭送她去醫(yī)院后，她要求彭支付40%的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。pay支付，動(dòng)詞原形；topay不定式；paying現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞；paid過(guò)去式。asksbtodosth表示“讓某人做某事”，不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故選B。19．句意：那時(shí)，很多人擔(dān)心這件事會(huì)有不好的影響。worry擔(dān)憂，動(dòng)詞原形；worried過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞；worryabout動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；worriedabout過(guò)去式。根據(jù)“Atthattime,”可知描述過(guò)去的事，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此句是賓語(yǔ)從句。故選B。20．句意：他們認(rèn)為幫助其他人是他們應(yīng)該做的事。other泛指其他的；theother一定范圍的其他的；another泛指三者或三者以上另一個(gè)；others其他的人或物?？蘸鬀](méi)有名詞，且表泛指，用others。故選D。21．句意：建議應(yīng)該提供更多的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。should應(yīng)該；need需要；might可能，過(guò)去式；may可能。根據(jù)“It’ssuggestedthatmoreprofessionaltraining”可知此處是建議應(yīng)該做某事。故選A。22．句意：這樣很多人都會(huì)比平時(shí)更積極地參與到志愿工作中。active活躍的，形容詞；moreactive形容詞比較級(jí)；actively活躍地，副詞；moreactively副詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)than可知，此處用比較級(jí)，此空為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故選D。23．句意：有不同種類的志愿者工作，包括環(huán)境保護(hù)，社區(qū)服務(wù)，在遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊教學(xué)，在老人院探望老人等等。is是，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)；are主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱；was過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)；were過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱。描述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是differentkindsofvolunteerwork，復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are。故選B。24．句意：志愿工作不僅在發(fā)展年輕人的技能方面起著重要作用，而且也給他們一種滿足感。satisfy滿足，動(dòng)詞；satisfying動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；satisfaction滿意，名詞；satisfied滿意的，形容詞。根據(jù)“afeelingof”可知此處是名詞of格，此空為名詞。故選C。25．句意：因此，應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)更多的人參加志愿者工作，這可以使世界變得更美好。who誰(shuí)；whose誰(shuí)的；whom誰(shuí)，賓語(yǔ)；which哪個(gè)。此句是賓語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是物，用which引導(dǎo)。故選D。三、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空26．（2023·江蘇淮安·校考一模）Thechampion________(present)withagoldattomorrow’smeeting.【答案】willbepresented【詳解】句意：冠軍將在明天的比賽中獲得一枚金牌。present“頒發(fā)”，主語(yǔ)thechampion與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“頒發(fā)”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且由“attomorrow’smeeting”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以該空用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“willbe+過(guò)去分詞”，present的過(guò)去分詞是presented。故填willbepresented。27．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）InordertomakeYongzhouCitymorebeautiful,treesandflowersshould________（plant）everyyear.【答案】beplanted【詳解】句意：為了讓用永州更漂亮，每年應(yīng)該種樹(shù)和花。主語(yǔ)treesandflowers與plant是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填beplanted。28．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包鋼第三中學(xué)?？既＃㎝r.Whitesaidhischildrenwerenot________tousemobilephonesbeforetheageof13.(allow)【答案】allowed【詳解】句意：懷特先生說(shuō)他的孩子們不允許13歲之前用手機(jī)。hischildren與allow之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，allow過(guò)去分詞為allowed。故填allowed。29．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·?？级＃狝rethepolicegoingtotellthedetailsofthecasetothepublic?—Notuntilthethief________(catch).【答案】iscaught【詳解】句意：——警方會(huì)把案件細(xì)節(jié)告訴公眾嗎？——直到小偷被抓住才會(huì)。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)thethief與catch之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)是is/aredone，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，系動(dòng)詞用is。故填iscaught。30．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Therewerefewtreesbefore,andwe__________(hit)bysandstormsseriouslyinspring.【答案】werehit【詳解】句意：以前樹(shù)很少，春天我們?cè)馐芰藝?yán)重的沙塵暴襲擊。根據(jù)“we…bysandstorms”可知要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，hit“襲擊”，過(guò)去分詞也是hit。由“were”可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)是we，be動(dòng)詞用were。故填werehit。31．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）Thetelephone________(invent)bythefamousinventor,Bell.【答案】wasinvented【詳解】句意：電話是由著名的發(fā)明家貝爾發(fā)明的。根據(jù)下文“bythefamousinventor,Bell”可知，句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即“was/were+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。且主語(yǔ)為“telephone”，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasinvented。32．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·三模）Thelittlebabythatfeltsleepy________(lay)onthebedafterhermommycamebackhome.【答案】waslaid【詳解】句意：媽媽回家后，感到困倦的小寶寶被放在床上。分析句子成分可知，本句是復(fù)合句。主句主語(yǔ)是Thelittlebaby，是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lay的承受者，根據(jù)從句時(shí)態(tài)可知，主句采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/weredone。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞為was。故填waslaid。33．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考二模）Thousandsofpeople________(leave)homelessintheearthquakewhichhappenedinTurkeyinFebruary,2023.【答案】wereleft【詳解】句意：在2023年2月土耳其發(fā)生的地震中，成千上萬(wàn)的人無(wú)家可歸。分析句子及所給詞，主語(yǔ)people與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞leave之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“被迫失去家園”；本句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故此處為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞；動(dòng)詞leave的過(guò)去分詞為left“離開(kāi)”；主語(yǔ)“Thousandsofpeople”是復(fù)數(shù)，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用were。故填were；left。34．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考二模）TolearnEnglishwell,studentsshouldbe________tospeakasmuchaspossible.(encourage)【答案】encouraged【詳解】句意：為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生盡可能多說(shuō)。根據(jù)“studentsshouldbe”可知，此處為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，構(gòu)成為：be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)”，encourage“鼓勵(lì)”，動(dòng)詞，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填encouraged。35．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）English________(speak)allovertheworldandwe’dtrytolearnitwell.【答案】isspoken【詳解】句意：全世界都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，我們會(huì)努力把它學(xué)好?！癊nglish”與“speak”之間，邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被說(shuō)，bespoken意為“被說(shuō)”，又因?yàn)椤癊nglish”指的是一種語(yǔ)言，為單數(shù)，所以用is；根據(jù)句意可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填isspoken。36．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Forthefirsttime,thisyear’sOscarforBestActress________(present)toMichelleYeoh,anAsianwoman.【答案】waspresented【詳解】句意：第一次，今年最佳女演員的奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)被頒給了楊紫瓊，一名亞洲女士。主語(yǔ)是“thisyear’sOscar”，是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境分析可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，所以用waspresented。故填waspresented。37．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）Mywashingmachine_________(control)bymysmartphonewhenI’mnotathome.【答案】iscontrolled【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我不在家時(shí)，我的洗衣機(jī)是由我的智能手機(jī)控制的。此句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句時(shí)態(tài)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞control是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填iscontrolled。38．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）Bothwaterandfood________(give)totheathleteswhotookpartinWuxiMarathonlastmonth.【答案】weregiven【詳解】句意：水和食物都被給到上個(gè)月參加無(wú)錫馬拉松的運(yùn)動(dòng)員了。句子主語(yǔ)是“Bothwaterandfood”，所以空格處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“bedone”，又因?yàn)椤發(fā)astmonth”可知，該句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以空格處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填weregiven。39．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）InHKDisneyland,visitors________(allow)togetclosertocartooncharacters.【答案】areallowed【詳解】句意：在香港迪士尼樂(lè)園，游客們被允許更接近卡通角色。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意分析可知，游客們是“被允許”的含義，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”。分析語(yǔ)境可知，在描述一件事實(shí)，所以應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又根據(jù)主語(yǔ)是visitors游客們，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。所以be動(dòng)詞用are。故填areallowed。40．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考一模）Luckily,manytraditionalartformslikeWuxiOpera________(pass)onandstayalive.【答案】arepassed【詳解】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式，如錫劇，得以傳承并存活下來(lái)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，主語(yǔ)“artforms”與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“passon”為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)“stay”提示，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are。故填arepassed。真題感悟1．（2023·河北·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．provides B．provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided【答案】C【詳解】句意：這個(gè)村子每天為60歲以上的老人免費(fèi)提供早餐?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句主語(yǔ)Breakfast是動(dòng)作provide的承受者，結(jié)合“everyday”可知，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。2．（2023·湖南岳陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ThepandaYaYa________backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.A．isbrought B．wasbrought C．willbebrought【答案】B【詳解】句意：大熊貓丫丫于2023年4月27日被帶回中國(guó)。考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“onApril27th,2023”可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。3．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?—He________so,buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.A．willexpecttodo B．isexpecteddoingC．hasexpecteddoing D．wasexpectedtodo【答案】D【詳解】句意：——他能在比賽中獲得第一名嗎？——大家都希望他這樣，但他只是把腿弄傷了?，F(xiàn)在不可能了。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)He和expect之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合“buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.”可知，期望的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，beexpectedtodosth“被期望做某事”，固定短語(yǔ)，故選D。4．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning.A．hits B．ishit C．ishitting D．willbehit【答案】B【詳解】句意：沙子被閃電擊中會(huì)變成玻璃?？疾檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)。句子主語(yǔ)it指代的是“Sand”，與動(dòng)詞hit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。5．（2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thecake______bythehungrystudentsquicklyyesterday.A．eats B．iseaten C．waseaten【答案】C【詳解】句意：昨天，那個(gè)蛋糕被饑餓的學(xué)生們很快吃完了?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“yesterday”可知句子應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Thecake與動(dòng)詞eat存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此句子應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were