Unit 2 Lets celebrate 期末語法復(fù)習(xí)講解與練習(xí)

2/2Unit2Let’scelebrate—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合知識(shí)目標(biāo)能夠掌握節(jié)日相關(guān)詞匯和句式能力目標(biāo)學(xué)生能夠了解并掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的基本用法情感目標(biāo)了解圣誕節(jié)的魅力，學(xué)會(huì)和圣誕相關(guān)的話題詞匯，理解文章內(nèi)容，深入理解圣誕節(jié)的節(jié)日意義思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法（一）will和would的用法will和would除了用作助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)外,還可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示情態(tài)意義。1.表示意愿表示主語的意愿，如意志、愿望或決心等。wil1用于現(xiàn)在或?qū)?would用于過去。--Cansomeonehelpme?有人能幫我一下嗎?--Iwill.我來幫你。Pleasecomeovertheweekendifyouwill.如果你愿意請來過周末。ItoldherthatIwouldgoalongwithher.我告訴她我愿意和她一起去。Shesaidshewouldtakecareofthechild.她說她愿意照顧那個(gè)孩子。友情提示：(1)will若表示將來,不可用在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中,但若will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示意愿、請求、堅(jiān)持等,則可以。If/WhenI'mfreethisafternoon,I'llgoshopping.今天下午要是有空，我就去買東西。If/WhenIwillbefreethisafternoon,I'llgoshopping.(誤)Ifyouwillseeadoctor,I'llsendforDrWeir.如果你愿意看醫(yī)生,我就派人去請韋爾醫(yī)生。(2)為了區(qū)分will表示將來和意愿的差別，我們用willbedoing表示純粹將來，因?yàn)閣illdo可能是將來，也可能是意愿。Iwillbediscussingtheproblemwiththem.(純將來)Iwilldiscusstheproblemwiththem.(將來或意愿)2.表示請求will用在第二人稱的疑問句中,表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的請求或征求意見。這時(shí)will和would通用,而would比will更客氣、委婉用won’tyou加強(qiáng)請求的語氣。Willyoujoinusforadrink,Lance?蘭斯,和我們一起喝一杯吧?Won'tyougohaveacoffeewithus?怎么不和我們一起去喝杯咖啡?Wouldyoutellmethewaytotheairport?你能告訴我去機(jī)場的路嗎?3.表示習(xí)慣或特性表示一種習(xí)慣、傾向或固有性質(zhì)等。will用于現(xiàn)在，would用于過去,帶有主觀性,常意為“總是”。Oilwillfloatonwater.油總是浮在水上。Thisoldmanisstrange.Shewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.這位老人很奇怪，她總是坐在那兒幾個(gè)小時(shí)不說一句話。Mumwouldtellusstoriesbeforewewenttobed.以前媽媽總是會(huì)在我們睡覺前給我們講故事。4.表示推測will/would表示推測，意為“大概,可能,想必”,其推測把握小于must。wil1和would都可以表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y，但would比will把握要低一些，留有一定的余地?！皐ill+完成式”表示對過去的推測。Thiswillbethebookyouarelookingfor,Ithink.我想,這應(yīng)該是你要找的書。Herdeathwillbeagreatlosstothecompany.她的去世想必是公司的一大損失。Nothingwouldpreventherfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止她鳴不平。Theholidaywillhavedonehimalotofgood.假期想必對他大有好處吧。5.will表示必然性，意為“注定會(huì)”Youwillfailifyoudon’tworkhard.你不努力就注定要失敗。Manwilldiewithoutair.沒有空氣,人注定要死亡。Youwillregretifyouwasteyourtime.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,你一定會(huì)后悔的。6.would構(gòu)成的固定結(jié)構(gòu)(1)wouldlikesth.和wouldliketodosth.表示“想要某物”和“想要做某事”。Iwouldlikeacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Iwouldliketohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。(2)wouldrather表示“寧愿”是一種對現(xiàn)在過去或?qū)淼脑竿?后接動(dòng)詞原形。若接從句,從句要用虛擬語氣。Iwouldratherstayhereforanotherweek.我寧愿在這兒再待一周。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。(與將來不符。明天來的可能性很小)Iwouldratherhehadleftlastweek.我寧愿他上周就離開了。(與過去事實(shí)不符,實(shí)際未離開)(3)wouldprefer“寧可更喜歡”,would可省去。常用于prefertodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）oughtto的用法1..oughtto和should的用法基本相同,意為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”，表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、可能性等,語氣上比should強(qiáng)。oughtto沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后跟動(dòng)詞原形。Weoughttoprotectwildanimals.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物。(責(zé)任或義務(wù))YououghttomakeanapologytoJoan.你應(yīng)該向瓊道歉。(勸告)Tryphoningthatcustomer-heoughttobehomebynow.給那位顧客打電話試試,他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該到家了。(推測)Theweatheroughttoimproveaftertheweekend.過了周末,天氣應(yīng)該會(huì)好起來的。(推測)2.oughtto的否定式是oughtnotto或oughtn’tto,疑問式將ought置于主語之前。Yououghtnottoplaytricksonthedisabled.你不應(yīng)該捉弄?dú)埣踩?。Suchthingsoughtnottohappen,oughtthey?這樣的事情不應(yīng)該發(fā)生,是嗎?--Oughthetogo?他應(yīng)該去嗎?--Yes,heought(to).應(yīng)該去。3.oughtto+完成式oughttohavedonesth.本該做某事(實(shí)際上沒有做)oughtnottohavedonesth.本不該做某事(實(shí)際上做了)IrealizeIoughttohavetoldyouaboutit.我意識(shí)到我本該告訴你這件事的。Ioughtnottohaveaskedyouathinglikethat.I'msorry.我本不應(yīng)該問你這樣的事。對不起。（三）haveto的用法1.表示“規(guī)定”和“指令”haveto的這種用法,主要指客觀上的法律條文規(guī)定常譯為“應(yīng)該”“必須”。YouhavetohandinyourpersonalfilesbeforenextFriday.下周五之前你必須交上個(gè)人檔案。Therehastobeanendtotheviolence.暴力必須結(jié)束。2.表示“必須”和“不得不”haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，而must側(cè)重說明主觀看法。MymotherisillandIhavetostayathome.我媽媽病了，我不得不待在家里。Ican'tseethingsclearly,soIhavetowearglasses.我看不清東西,只好戴眼鏡。3.haveto有多種不同的時(shí)態(tài)，而must只有一種時(shí)態(tài)。Hehadtosellhishousetopayoffthedebt.為了還清債務(wù),他只好把房子賣了。Ifyouwantashareofthepay,youwillhavetodoyourshareofthework要是你想得到一份報(bào)酬,你就必須做好你的那份工作。4.haveto的否定形式要借助助動(dòng)詞do來完成即don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/willnothaveto,意為“不必,沒有必要”。Youdon'thavetobepresentatthemeeting.你不必出席那個(gè)會(huì)議。Shedidn'thavetoanswerhisquestions.她沒有必要回答他的問題。5.haveto還可以表示“推測”,意思是“一定，肯定”。用于肯定意義的推測，與must用法相似。Thishastobeamistake.這肯定是弄錯(cuò)了。Asforyourproblem,therehastobeasolution.至于你的問題，一定會(huì)有解決的辦法Housepriceshavetogoupsoonerorlater.房價(jià)遲早要漲的。Nooneelsecouldhavedoneit;ithadtobeNeville.沒有別人能做到，一定是內(nèi)維爾干的。（四）need的用法need意為“需要;有必要”。既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,分述如下。1.作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞原形,無人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。一般用于否定句、疑問句以及非肯定句(如條件句,帶有疑問的名詞性從句等)。疑問句直接將need提前肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don'thaveto。NeedIhelpyouwiththemathsproblem?需要我?guī)湍憬膺@道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎?Youneedn'tbeinsuchahurry;thereisplentyoftime.你沒有必要這么匆忙,時(shí)間很充裕。--NeedIcometomorrow?我明天需要來嗎?--Yes,youmust.是的，你必須來。--No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，沒必要。IwonderifIneedbringadigitalcamerawithme.我想是否需要帶一部數(shù)碼相機(jī)。2.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(1)need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面接帶to的不定式，其否定式、疑問式都要通過助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成。Sheneedstoattendtofivepeopleonherown.她需要一人照顧五個(gè)人。--Doessheneedtostayheretohelpyou?需要她留下來幫你的忙嗎?--Yes,shedoes.需要。--No,shedoesn’t.不必。(2)need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，除了接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式外,還可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等,意為“需要”。當(dāng)主語為物時(shí),need后用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式或動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式，意義相同。Ineedtogetsomesleep.我需要睡一會(huì)兒。Alllivingthingsneedwater.所有的生物都需要水。Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.這些花需要澆水了。3.needn'thavedone的意義表示過去沒有必要做某事,意為“本來不必做某事”(但實(shí)際上做了)。Ineedn'thavetakentheumbrella,fortheweatherissofine.天這么好,我本沒必要帶雨傘的。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本來不必澆花的,因?yàn)榫鸵掠炅恕！皀eed+完成式”僅限于否定句或疑問句，不用于肯定句。Needyouhavescoldedhimsoseverely?你有必要這樣嚴(yán)厲地批評他嗎?Needhehavepaidsomuch?他需要付那么多錢嗎?（五）dare的用法dare意為“敢;敢于”。既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1.作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。一般用于否定句、疑問句以及非肯定句(如條件句,帶有疑問的名詞性從句等)。疑問句把dare提到主語前,否定用darenot或daren’t。(1)用于否定句。Idaren'tgooutaloneatnight.晚上我自己一個(gè)人不敢出去。Noonedarespeakofit.沒人敢說這件事。Ineverdaredriveacar.我從不敢開車。(2)用于疑問句及非肯定句。Dareyouletoutthenewstothepublic?你敢把這個(gè)消息透露給公眾嗎?Iwonderwhethershedarecomehomethatnight.不知那天晚上她是否敢回家。Ifyoudareneglectthequalityofyourworks,thereaderswillnotagree.如果你敢忽視作品質(zhì)量,讀者是不會(huì)同意的。友情提示：Howdareyou..?經(jīng)常用來表示“驚訝或憤怒”。Howdareyouspeaktoyourteacherlikethat?你怎么敢那樣對你老師說話?Howdareyoutreatmelikethat?你怎么敢這樣對我?2.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(1)dare還可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,它有人稱和數(shù)的變化,肯定句中后跟帶to的不定式。在否定句和疑問句中,不定式符號(hào)to可以省略。其否定式、疑問式都要借助助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成。Shedarestodowhatevershewantstodo.只要她想做的，她就敢做。Idonotdare(to)complain.(=Idarenotcomplain.)我不敢抱怨。Doyoudare(to)driveacaronsuchacrowdedroad?(=Dareyoudriveacaronsuchacrowdedroad?)你敢在這么擁擠的路上開車嗎?(2)Idaresay是習(xí)慣用法，意為“我認(rèn)為，我猜想”。Idaresayyouarealittleangry.我認(rèn)為你有點(diǎn)生氣了。Youaretired,Idaresay.我想你累了吧。（六）usedto的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞usedto意為“過去常常”表示過去特有的習(xí)慣,但現(xiàn)在并非如此,用來強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對比。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可以與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。其否定形式為:usedn’tto或didn’tuseto。其疑問形式是將used提到主語前:Used...to...?或用Did開頭:Did...useto...?Shedoesn'tgetupearlyassheusedto.她(現(xiàn)在)不像以前起得那么早了。Thereusedtobeatemplehere.從前這里有一座廟。否定句的兩種形式:Ididn'tusetolikeoperabutmywifehasconvertedme.我過去不喜歡歌劇,但我妻子改變了我。疑問句的兩種形式:Didsheusetogotothesameschoolasyoursister?Usedshetogotothesameschoolasyoursister?她過去和你姐姐去同一所學(xué)校上學(xué)嗎?反意疑問句或簡略回答中,也有兩種形式:Heusedtobeveryfat,didn'the?Heusedtobeveryfat,usedn'the?他過去很胖,不是嗎?Yes,hedid.Yes,heusedto.是的，他過去是（七）hadbetter的用法hadbetter后跟動(dòng)詞原形，意為“最好……”,用來表示勸告或建議。它的否定形式為hadbetternot。You'dbettertryitagainifyoufailthistime.如果你這次失敗了,你最好再試一次。Whathadwebetterdonext?下一步我們最好做什么?We'dbetternotjusttalkandlet'shelpthem.我們最好別只是說,咱們幫幫他們吧。練習(xí)：根據(jù)漢語提示，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子1.We_________(應(yīng)該)celebratetheDragonBoatFestivaltohonourthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.2.Thelanternfair

_________(以前常常)attractalotofpeople,butnowpeopleusuallystayathomewatchingTV.3.Allthedelegates_________(必須)participateintheelectionandvotefortheirpresident.4.You

_________(最好是)identifywhatthemodelverbsindicate:anorder,arequest,abilityorpossibility.5.You

_________(可以)hangthepictureonthewallandregarditasadecoration.6.Inthepast,studentsandtheirparents

_________(肯定)havecomplainedaboutthelimitlessamountofhomework.7.Regularvisitstoyourdoctor

_________(能夠)helpyouidentifyhealthwarningsigns.8.Somepeople

_________(可能)havecomplainedaboutincomeinequalitybecausetheywerestarvingthen.答案：1.should/oughtto2.usedto3.must4.hadbetter5.can/may6.must7.can8.may/might核心素養(yǎng)對接高考閱讀理解一、WhileestablishedbyWoodrowWilsonasaholidayintheUnitedStatesin1911,thepracticeofrecognizingmothersonaspecificdayortimeofyearhasspreadtomorethan40countries.Here'salookatthevarioustraditions.FranceMother'sDayinFranceonlystartedinthe1950s.AfterWorldWarI,itwascelebratedonthelastSundayinMay,unlessitconflictedwiththePentecost(五旬節(jié)).Ifitdid,motherswerecelebratedonthefirstSundayofJune.Regardlessoftheday,atraditionalgifisaflower-shapedcake.JapanFollowingWWI,Mother'sDayinJapangainedsomepopularity,anditisnowcelebratedonthesecondSundayofMay.Giftsincluderedorpinkconations(康乃馨)astheysymbolizesweetnessandpurity.Childrenwilloftendrawpicturesoftheirmothersandpresentthemtomominadditiontopreparingdishesthattheirmothershavetaughtthem.SwedenCelebratedonthelastSundayinMay,thedayisn'tallthatdifferentfromtheU.S.version.There'sbreakfastinbedandhomemadecardsandthelike.OnedifferenceisthattheSwedishRedCrosscollectsmoneybysellingredplasticflowers.Themoneyfromtheflowersgoestomothersandchildreninneed.ThailandWhileallmothersarerecognizedduringMother'sDayinThailand,theholidayislargelycenteredonSirikit,thequeenmotherofThailand.Mother'sDayiscelebratedonherbirthday,August12,andpublicplacesandhouseholdsaredecoratedwithlightsandpicturesofSirikit.Flowerslikejasminearepopulargifts.1.WhatdoJapanesechildrenusuallydofortheirmothersonMother'sDay?A.Buypictures. B.Cookmeals. C.Growflowers. D.Presentcards.2.WhichcountryhasafixeddateforMother'sDay?A.France. B.Japan. C.Thailand. D.Sweden.3.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TotellushowdifferentcountriescelebrateMother'sDay.B.ToprotecttraditionsofMother'sDayindifferentplaces.C.TointroducetheoriginanddevelopmentofMother'sDay.D.TocallonustoshowrespectforourmotheronMother'sDay.二、AnevergreentreeisaChristmastraditioninmanyAmericanhomes.Thetreeisusuallyapineorfirdressedwithlightsandothercolorfuldecorations.Familiesmightbuyacuttreeorgotoatreefarmandcutonedownthemselves.Somepeoplebringalivetreeinapotintotheirhomefortheholidaysandthenputitbackoutdoors.SomepeoplerentaChristmastree.Companiesmightbringthesamelivetreetothesamefamilyyearafteryear.Orthetreemightgetplantedinaparkorsomeplaceelsewhereitcouldhelptheenvironment.Therearesometreesthatcanbereusedyearafteryearbecausetheyaremadeofplasticormetal.Or,insteadofatree,somepeoplehaveasmall,sweet-smellingrosemary(迷迭香)plant,cuttolooklikealittleChristmastree.AnotherplantthatmanypeopleconnectwithChristmasisthepoinsettia(一品紅).PoinsettiasarenativetoMexico.Theycanbewhiteorpink,butmostarebrightred.TheyarenamedafterJoelRobertsPoinsett,thefirstAmericanAmbassadortoMexico.HelikedthemenoughtosendsomebacktotheUnitedStates.Thepoinsettiaisregardedasapoisonousplant.Babiesorpetsthateatpoinsettiasmightgetsick.Butexpertssaytheplantisnotaspoisonousassomepeoplethink.Likemillionsofotherhouses,thehomeofAmerica'sfirstpresidentisdecoratedforChristmas.GeorgeWashington'sMountVernonisinVirginia.VisitorscanhearstoriesaboutwhatChristmaswaslikeatMountVernonintheeighteenthcentury.ThemuseumwherevisitorsbegintheirtourisdecoratedwithChristmastrees.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.AmericansarenotallowedtocutatreeforChristmas.B.AmericanshavevariouswaystogetaChristmastree.C.AChristmastreemustbeplantedafteritisused.D.AfamilywillchangetheirChristmastreeeveryyear.5.WhydopeopleplanttheirChristmastreessomewhereafterChristmas?A.Touseitagainnextyear. B.TosavemoneyonChristmastrees.C.Tohelpprotecttheenvironment. D.Tohopeforthebestinthecomingyear.6.WhydidJoelRobertsPoinsettsendsomepoinsettiasbacktotheUnitedStates?A.HewantedtogivehispeopleanotherkindofChristmastree.B.Hewantedhispeopletorememberhim.C.Hewantedtoplanttheminhishome.D.Hewasveryfondofthem.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThecustomsofChristmasinAmerica.B.ThedecorationofChristmastrees.C.ThetraditionofChristmastreesinAmerica.D.ThehistoryofChristmasinAmerica.三、Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch；IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.8.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.9.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.10.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelps