必修第一冊-Unit-5-2024年高考英語一輪復習重難詞匯過關練(人教版2019)

新人教版必修1Unit5一．單詞背誦版billion/?b?lj?n/n十億native/?ne?t?v/adj出生地的；本地的；土著的n本地人nativelanguage母語，本族語mothertongue母語benativeto...原產(chǎn)于attitude/??t?tju:d;NAmE'?titu:d/n態(tài)度；看法attitudetowards/to...:對...的態(tài)度have/takeanattitudeto/towards對……持某種態(tài)度apositive/negative/firmattitude積極/消極/堅定的態(tài)度altituden海拔高度；高處longitude經(jīng)度reference/?refr?ns/n指稱關系；參考refer/r??f?:(r)/vi提到；參考；查閱vt查詢；叫……求助于(referred,referred;referring)referto...:指的是;描述;提到;查閱refer...to...把……交給……(以求獲得幫助)referto...as...:將……稱為

……areferencebook參考書；工具書system/?s?st?m/n體系；制度；系統(tǒng)immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)solarsystem太陽系systematicadj有系統(tǒng)的；有計劃的；有條理的civilisation[NAmE-ization]/?s?v?la??ze??n/n文明；文明世界despite/d??spa?t/prep即使；盡管inspiteof=regardlessof不顧；不管upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱happinessandsorrows幸福和悲傷factor/?f?kt?(r)/n因素；要素fact事實base/be?s/vt以為據(jù)點；以為基礎n底部；根據(jù)；基礎basicadj.基礎的；基本的；根本的→basicallyadj.基本上;總的說來bebasedon/upon:以...為基礎/根據(jù)【聯(lián)想詞】basevt.以……為據(jù)點/基礎;把（總部等）設在（常用于被動語態(tài)）n.底部；根據(jù)；基礎base..on/upon...以……為基礎；以……為根據(jù)（被動形式bebasedon/upon...)based/beist/以（某事）為基礎的；以……為重要部分（或特征）的datebackto追溯到=datefrom...注意：該結(jié)構(gòu)不用于進行時，也不用于被動語態(tài)中，但可以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。談論現(xiàn)存的某物或建筑時，雖然其可能出現(xiàn)或建造于過去某一時期，但仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。bone/b??n/n骨頭；骨（質(zhì)）bonyadj骨瘦如柴的shell/?el/n殼；殼狀物symbol/?s?mbl/n符號；象征symbolizev代表symbolize,represent,standfor,indicate,emblem,symbolcarve/kɑ:v/vt&vi雕刻dynasty/?d?n?sti;'dai-/王朝；朝代variety/v??ra??t?/n(植物、語言等的）變體；異體;多樣化various[?ve?r??s]：adj.不同的;各種各樣的→vary[?ve?ri]v.改變,變化avarietyof=varietiesof各種各樣的（后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)其所修飾的名詞判定）forvariousreason由于種種原因varyfrom…to…從…到…不等major/?me?d??(r)/adj主要的；重要的；大的n主修課程；主修學生vi主修；專門研究minorityn少數(shù)nomatterwhere,who,what,etc不論……；不管……“nomatter＋疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“疑問詞＋-ever”在用法上的異同：①“nomatter＋疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導讓步狀語從句，這時可以和“疑問詞＋-ever”互換。②“疑問詞＋-ever”可引導讓步狀語從句，也可引導名詞性從句。③whenever，wherever，however等只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句。dialect/'da??lekt/n地方話；方言means/mi:nz/n方式；方法；途徑bymeansof:通過……；借助……bythismeans:通過這種方式;用這種方法bynomeans:決不；無論如何都不(放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝)【用法拓展】(1)means作主語且有every，each等表示單數(shù)意義的詞對其進行修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)means作主語且有all，several，many，few等表示復數(shù)意義的詞對其進行修飾時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。classic/?kl?s?k/adj傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的n經(jīng)典作品；名著firstclass一流的workingclass

工人階級regard/r??gɑ:d/n尊重；關注vt把視為；看待regard...as...:認為...是...=consider...as...=have/treat/take...as...beregardedas...被認為是……character/'k?r?kt?(r)/n文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點calligraphy/k??l?ɡr?fi/n書法；書法藝術global/'gl??b?l/adj全球的；全世界的globen球體；地球儀；地球globalwarming全球變暖affair/??fe?(r)/n公共事務[復數(shù)]；事件；關系appreciate/?'pri:?ie?t/vt欣賞；重視；感激；領會vi增值appreciatedoing...:喜歡/感激做...Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddosth.如果你能做某事，我將不勝感激。expressone’sappreciationtosb.forsth.因某事表達對某人的感激之情appreciate后接動名詞而不可用不定式作賓語，且不能以“人”作賓語。specific/sp??s?f?k/adj特定的；明確的；具體的specialadj特殊的，特別的specialistn專家；專業(yè)工作者specializevi專攻；專門從事；專注于specializein=majorin主修struggle/?str?gl/n斗爭；奮斗；努力；難事vi斗爭；奮斗；搏斗；努力strugglefor...:為...而努力/拼搏/奮斗struggleagainst/with與……作斗爭struggletodo...:努力做...struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來tongue/t??/n舌頭；語言mothertongue=nativelanguage母語tonguetwister繞口令accent口音pointofview觀點；看法fromone’spointofview:依某人的觀點/看法inone’sview:依某人的觀點/看法=inone’sopinionsemester/s??mest?(r)/n學期term學期gas/ɡ?s/n汽油；氣體；燃氣petrol/'petr?l/n(NAmEgas)汽油subway's?bwe?/n(BrEunderground)地鐵apartment/?'pɑ:tm?nt/n（especiallyNAmE）公寓套房（=flat）pants/p?nts/n[pl](BrE）beg/beg/vt懇求；祈求；哀求beggar:n.叫花子;乞丐begtodo...:懇求/祈求去做某事begsb.todo...:懇求某人做某事beg(sb)forsth:懇求某人某物equal/'i:kw?l/n同等的人；相等物adj相同的；同樣的vt等于;和……相等；比得上equalityn平等Everymaniscreatedequal人生來平等。gap/g?p/n間隔；開口；差距agapyear:間隔年(常指中學畢業(yè)后上大學前所休的一年假期,用于實習或旅游)generationgap代溝bridgethegap縮小差距demand/d??mɑ:nd/n要求；需求vt強烈要求；需要vi查問ingreatdemand急需;非常需要meet/satisfyone’sdemands:滿足需要demand(ofsb.)todo...:要求(某人)做某事demand(...)+that句子(should結(jié)構(gòu)):要求……做某事(從句用虛擬語氣)vocabulary/v?'k?bj?l?r?;NAmE–leri/n詞匯description/d??skr?p?n/n描寫（文字）；形容describevt描述subscribevi同意；捐贈；訂閱vt(簽署)文件；捐助relate/r??le?t/vt聯(lián)系；講述relateto...:與…相關;涉及;談到relateAtoB把A和B聯(lián)系在一起berelatedto和……有關；和……有聯(lián)系重點單詞短語默寫篇一、重點單詞變形1．referencen．指稱關系；參考→vi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)為基礎的→vt.以……為基礎n．底部；根據(jù)→n．基礎→adj.基礎的3．varietyn．異體；多樣化→v．變化；不同→adj.各種各樣的4．majoradj.主要的n．主修課程；主修學生vi.主修→n．大多數(shù)5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→n．地球；地球儀6．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞；感激；領會→n．感激；欣賞→adj.感激的7．begvt.懇求；祈求→n．乞丐8．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→adv.平等地→n．平等9．demandn．要求；需求vt.強烈要求；需要→adj.要求高的10．descriptionn．描寫(文字)；形容→vt.描述11．relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→adj.相關的→n．關系→n．關系二、重點詞組寫一寫1.原產(chǎn)于某地_________________2.指的是；描述；提到；查閱_________________3.盡管…_________________4.以…為基礎；_________________5.追溯到_________________6.多種多樣的；各種各樣的_________________7.主修…學科_________________8.用...辦法；借助..._________________9.絕不，無論如何都不_________________10.將…認為；把…視為_________________三．重點單詞短語練習篇一、單句語法填空1.(2021·天津卷)After__________(struggle)forquiteawhile,Imadeadifficultdecision—leavingmyjobandstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.2.(2021·天津卷)Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustbe__________(relate)tothisstory.3.(2021·全國甲卷)AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,the__________(globe)blackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause-effect__________betweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords,yourhealthis__________towhatyoueat.(relate)5.Oneofthemajorproblemsisthata__________(major)ofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.6.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreated__________because__________isthebasicdemand.(equal)7.Itwasachallengingand__________(demand)job,butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.LearningEnglishwellisoneofthe__________(demand)ofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.8.Thereare__________(vary)booksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,__________(refer)booksandsoon.9.Asamatteroffact,wisdomandeffortsare__________(equal)importantforsuccess.10.Thepositioncallsfor__________(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.11.Representingourschool,I'mwritingtoconveyour__________(appreciate)toyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.12.Theyhavetohavea__________(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.13.Theharderyouwork,the__________(great)progressyouwillmake.14.Thechurch__________(date)backtothe9thcenturyisasymboloftraditionalculture.15.Thepresidentdemandedthattheenvironmentproblemsreferredto__________(pay)attentionto.16.Thesurvivorofthedisasterwaswalkinginthestreet,__________(beg)forhelp.17.Itwasatime__________womenwerelookeddownuponandhadnorighttoreceiveeducation.18.Thegirl__________(refer)toatthemeetingwasstudyinginafamousuniversity,__________(major)inengineering.二、短語填空upsanddownsdatebacktoplayanimportantroleinbebasedonpointofview1.Despitethe___________________inhislife,MrBrownneverstopslearningnewthings.2.Frommy___________________,itisofgreatimportancetopayattentiontothefeelingsofourselves.3.AsChina___________________globalaffairs,itisofgreatimportanceforustohaveagoodknowledgeofChinese.4.Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistory___________________theearlyTangDynasty.5.Asweallknow,oursuccess___________________cooperatingwithothers.三、熟詞生義①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes._____________②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework.”hetoldme._____________③(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants._____________答案核心單詞變形1．referencen．指稱關系；參考→refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)為基礎的→basevt.以……為基礎n．底部；根據(jù)→basisn．基礎→basicadj.基礎的3．varietyn．異體；多樣化→varyv．變化；不同→variousadj.各種各樣的4．majoradj.主要的n．主修課程；主修學生vi.主修→majorityn．大多數(shù)5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen．地球；地球儀6．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞；感激；領會→appreciationn．感激；欣賞→appreciativeadj.感激的7．begvt.懇求；祈求→beggarn．乞丐8．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等9．demandn．要求；需求vt.強烈要求；需要→demandingadj.要求高的10．descriptionn．描寫(文字)；形容→describevt.描述11．relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關的→relationn．關系→relationshipn．關系核心詞組benativeto...refertodespitethefactthat…bebasedon/upondatebackto...（=datefrom…）avarietyof=varietiesof=variousmajorinbymeansof...bynomeansregard…as…1.(2021·天津卷)Afterstruggling(struggle)forquiteawhile,Imadeadifficultdecision—leavingmyjobandstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.2.(2021·天津卷)Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelated(relate)tothisstory.3.(2021·全國甲卷)AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobal(globe)blackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause-effectrelationbetweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords,yourhealthisrelatedtowhatyoueat.(relate)5.Oneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajority(major)ofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.6.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)7.①Itwasachallenginganddemanding(demand)job,butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.LearningEnglishwellisoneofthedemands(demand)ofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.8.Therearevarious_(vary)booksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,reference(refer)booksandsoon.9.Asamatteroffact,wisdomandeffortsareequally(equal)importantforsuccess.10.Thepositioncallsforrelated(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.11.Representingourschool,I'mwritingtoconveyourappreciation(appreciate)toyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.12.Theyhavetohaveabasic(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.13.Theharderyouwork,thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake.14.Thechurchdating(date)backtothe9thcenturyisasymboloftraditionalculture.15.Thepresidentdemandedthattheenvironmentproblemsreferredto(should)_be_paid(pay)attentionto.16.Thesurvivo