2024高考英語一輪統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)第二編語法突破專題8介詞和介詞短語學(xué)案含解析外研版

PAGE專題八介詞和介詞短語1.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，63)Modernmethods________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s.答案：of/foramethodof/fordoingsth.“做某事的方法”。2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，63)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack________dogs,seventobeexact.答案：ofapackof是固定搭配，意為“一群……”。3．(2024·浙江高考，61)Theanswer________thisquestionisnotclear.答案：totheanswerto...“……的答案”。4．(2024·北京高考，14)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.答案：formakeanappointmentfor“……時間的預(yù)約”。5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，62)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand________work.答案：fromtoandfromwork“上下班”。6．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree________engineeringorarchitecture.答案：ingetadegreein...“獲得……學(xué)位”。7．(2024·天津高考，12)WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe________treesthatareover1,000yearsold.答案：among句意：當你駕車穿越加利福尼亞的紅木森林時，你將會置身于千年以上樹齡的樹木之間。among“在……之間，在……中”，由前文中的drivethroughtheRedwoodForests可知among符合句意。8．(2024·北京高考，35)Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving________fishingindustry.答案：in句意：很多住在海邊的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。介詞in在此表示“從事于……”。makealivinginfishingindustry“靠漁業(yè)謀生”。9．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，67)Iwassearching________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.答案：forsearchfor“找尋……”。10．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，短文改錯)StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.__________________________________________________________________答案：for→withplaywithsb.“與某人一起玩”。常用介詞的意義介詞基本詞義例子with用(用于有形的工具或身體某些器官，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾)；附帶有；和；隨著……withthismethodwithapencilwithmyowneyeswiththedevelopmentofamanwithastrongwillaladywithabookinherhandIhaveanappointmentwithDrBlack,butIneedtochangeit.on在……上(表面接觸)；一……就……；關(guān)于；是……的一員；在詳細的某一天ontheplaygroundonhisarrivalabookonhistorybeonaresearchteamonacoldeveningat在(地點、時間、空間、節(jié)日)；以(某種價格、速度等)；朝at4o'clockintheafternoonatnightataspeedof120kmphattheSpringFestivalshoutatagainst違反；反對；對……不利；倚靠；襯托againstherwillagainstthewallaraceagainsttime①Thewhitebuildinglooksbeautifulagainstthebluesky.②Iwon'thaveyousayanythingagainstmyteacher.beyond超出……的范圍，為……所不及beyondone'scontrolbeyondsb.beyonddescriptionbeyondimaginationbeyondone'sreach續(xù)表介詞基本詞義例子within在……之內(nèi)；在……里面①Adjustthedriver'sseatsothatallthecontrolsarewithinreach.②Weshouldhavethetestresultswithin24hours.over在上方，在……上；從上方越過；超過；在……期間；復(fù)原過來；賽過overacupofcoffeeoverChristmasovertimehaveadvantagesover...①Doyoumindtalkingaboutyourplanoverlunch?②Shehadgreatpersonalinfluenceandpoweroverherfollowers.③Idon'twanttotalkaboutthisoverthetelephone.across從表面穿過；橫穿(公路等)acrosstheriveracrossthestreet①Theshirtistootightacrosstheshoulder.②Abigsmilespreadacrossherface.through從內(nèi)部穿過；經(jīng)驗過walkthroughthedoorthroughthisactivitydespite盡管①Hervoicewasshakingdespiteallhereffortstocontrolit.②Shewasgoodatphysicsdespitethefactthatshefounditboring.by表示程度或增減的幅度；按……來計算，依據(jù)；經(jīng)由；乘(交通工具)bythehourjudgingbyknowsb.bynamebybus①Wedefeatedthevisitingteamby3goals.②Hewentoutbythebackdoor.for給；對；為；為了得到；對……來說；達；向；對于；支持；表示①Ihaveapresentforyou.②Ipaid$3fortheticket.③Shelooksyoungforherage.④Isetoffforwork.⑤Thequestionsaretoodifficultfor10-year-olds.⑥Wehavestudiedtheargumentsforandagainstnuclearenergy.off遠離；從……上移開；在……海岸；休息；減價①Keepoffthegrass!②Therearealotofislandsoffthecoast.③Youlooktired.Whydon'tyoutaketomorrowoff?④Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock10%off.without沒有；在沒有……的狀況下Wecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskwithoutyourtimelyhelp.beside在……旁邊Wendycameupandsatbesideme.in在……內(nèi)；在(年、月、季節(jié))；在……方面；(將來)過(多久)①Shelookedinherbag,butherkeyswerenotthere.②Thestreetisaboutamileinlength.③He'llbebackintenminutes.of……的；屬于；……的一部分；關(guān)于……的thelastsceneofthemovieafriendofMark'sthebeautyofthesceneryShewasseenasawomanofgreatdetermination.to/towards朝向；對；達到；去做；對于①Shestoodupandwalkedto/towardsthewindow.②Muchtooursurprise,shepassedtheexamwithdistinction.from從；從……起先；離……；來自；依據(jù)toandfromschool①We'regoingtotellhimonhisbirthday—that'stwoweeksfromtoday.②FromwhatI'veread,thecompanyseemstobeindifficulties.along沿著Walkalongthestreet,andthenturnrightatthesecondcrossing.between在(兩者)之間Alotofstudentsspendayearabroadinbetweenhighschoolanduniversity.among在(三者或以上)之間Theproblemiscausingwide-spreadconcernamongscientists.常見的復(fù)合介詞復(fù)合介詞基本詞義例句accordingto依據(jù)，依據(jù)……Theydividedthemselvesintothreegroupsaccordingtoage.owingto因為……Owingtotheircarelessness,afirebrokeout.becauseof因為……Don'tbeangrybecauseofwhathesaid.Hemeantnoharm.thanksto多虧了……Thankstomyteacher'shelp,IgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest.asfor/to至于……Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.dueto由于……Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.apartfrom除……以外Apartfromthecost,thehatdoesn'tsuitme.exceptfor除了……(整體與部分的關(guān)系)Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.regardlessof不管……Regardlessofwhathappens,myclaimissafeandsecure.butfor要不是……Butforyourtextmessage,IwouldhaveleftmyIDathome.inspiteof盡管Inspiteofthefactthattheproductissafe,manypeoplestillrefusetobuyit.onaccountof因為Theirrecentprotestwascalledoffonaccountoftightenedsecurity.asaresultof由于Workersapproachingretirementshouldbesavingmore,notless,asaresultoflowrates.nextto僅次于；緊挨著Gettingthemtobuyintothesystemisnexttoimpossible.inadditionto除……以外Thankfully,inadditiontochangingmajors,studentscanchangeschools.farfrom遠非……MybossaskedsomuchofmeandIbelievedthatmyjobwasfarfromhissatisfaction.aheadof在……前面Withhishelp,wefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.介詞to的搭配1．與名詞常見搭配thesolutiontotheproblem問題的解決方法thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙theanswertothequestion問題的答案tothepoint切中要害，中肯toone'staste合某人胃口toone'ssurprise/joy/delight令某人驚訝/興奮的是approachtosth.通往……的路，學(xué)習(xí)……的方法attitudeto/towards對待……的看法dancetomusic伴著音樂跳舞theentranceto……的入口have/gainaccessto有……的機會2．與動詞常見搭配devote...to...把……用于……adjust...to...調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……adapt...to...使……適應(yīng)……attach...to...把……附在……上objectto反對lookforwardto盼望payattentionto留意getdowntosth.起先做某事；起先仔細對待某事seeto照料，處理owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把……歸功于/歸因于makecontributionsto為……作出貢獻be/getusedto習(xí)慣于prefer...to...寧愿……而不belongto屬于leadto通向，導(dǎo)致putanendto結(jié)束beupto從事，干pointto指著stickto堅持holdonto抓住不放lookupto敬重，敬重comparedto與……相比beadmittedto被錄用liveupto符合，達到，不辜負applyto利用，運用attendto處理，照看；關(guān)照appealto有吸引力；呼吁；上訴respondto應(yīng)答3．與形容詞常見搭配berelatedto與……有關(guān)besensitiveto對……敏感besimilarto與……相像belinkedto與……有關(guān)berelevantto與……相關(guān)beimportantto對……很重要bebeneficialto對……有益beequalto等于……befamiliarto對……來說是熟識的beblindto對……視而不見beaddictedto沉溺于……常用介詞與形容詞的搭配beconsciousof意識到befondof寵愛beawareof意識到；明白bestrictwithsb.insth.對某人某方面嚴格beworthyof值得；配得上bedifferentfrom與……不同beabsentfrom缺席bepresentat出席bepopularwith受到……的歡迎betiredof厭倦……bebusywith忙于……belostin迷失在……beanxiousabout為……擔憂beburiedin聚精會神于beashamedof因……而慚愧beabsorbedin聚精會神于besuspiciousof懷疑……befamiliarwith熟識……介詞in構(gòu)成的常見短語incommonwith與……一樣inthefaceof面對……intimefor正好……indangerof處于……危急中indefenceof為了愛護……inneed/wantof須要……inconsequenceof由于……infavourof贊成……inexchangefor交換……inmemoryof為了紀念……inhonourof向……致敬inpraiseof歌頌/贊揚……inchargeof負責……inthechargeof由……負責inpossessionof擁有……inthepossessionof由……擁有insearchof找尋……intouchwith和……保持聯(lián)系inpreparationfor為……作打算inplaceof代替，而不是inthehopeof希望……inthecourseof在……的過程中inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣infrontof在……的前面inthefrontof在……的前部intheformof以……的形式inthenameof以……名義inrelationto與……相關(guān)inregardto關(guān)于/至于……inreturnfor作為……的回報intermsof就……而言inharmonywith與……協(xié)調(diào)其他介詞短語短語詞義例句forlackof因為缺乏Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.onconditionthat假如，條件是(＋句子)IwilllendyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitonMonday.withregardto關(guān)于，至于WithregardtothepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend.onbehalfof代表Onbehalfofeveryonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.bymeansof憑借……Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.incaseof萬一……Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·貴州省安順市高三聯(lián)考)Ipulledupnext________him,gotoutofthecar,andgavehimallmyeggmoney.答案：to句意：我在他旁邊停了下來，從車里出來，把全部賣雞蛋賺到的錢給了他。依據(jù)句意，可知此處為固定搭配，nextto意為“在……旁邊”。故填to。2．(2024·山東省德州市高三月考)Theideaofcreatinganationalparkwasfirstdiscussedinthe1940s,butpeoplecouldn'tagree________whatsizetomakethepark.答案：onagreeon是固定搭配，意為“就……達成一樣”。3．HewenttoShanghai________animportantmeeting.答案：for句意：他去上海參與一個重要會議。for在此處表示目的，其后習(xí)慣于接名詞或代詞。4．Inaddition________theinjuriesinthefaceandhands,hebrokebothlegswhileplayingthefinalgame.答案：to句意：決賽時除了臉部和手部受傷外，他還摔斷了雙腿。inadditionto＝besides“除……之外(還)”。5．(2024·廣東省佛山市順德區(qū)高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Bulliedkidsfaceahighrisk________mentalhealthproblems.答案：of句意：受欺凌的孩子們面臨著高風險的精神健康問題。ariskof“……的風險”。6．Shecontributedmorethananyotherscientist________solvingthestructureofDNA.答案：to句意：她在破解DNA結(jié)構(gòu)方面所做的貢獻，比任何一位科學(xué)家都大。contribute...tosth./doingsth.“為(做)某事作出貢獻”，to為介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞作賓語。7．Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68________average.答案：above句意：去年是有記錄以來最溫煦的一年，全球氣溫高于平均氣溫0.68度。依據(jù)語境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均氣溫高0.68度。aboveaverage意為“高于平均值”。8．InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.答案：with句意：在印度，大多數(shù)人歷來采納手抓的方式吃飯。with＋人體部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。9．Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou________advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案：in句意：這個會議室是禁煙區(qū)。我想提前告誡你假如你吸煙會被罰款的。inadvance“預(yù)先；提前”，固定搭配。10．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________ani